Bölgesel ve Uluslararası Çatışmalarda Enerji Terörizmi Yaratılması ve Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 40 - 56

Merve Suna Özel Özcan

https://doi.org/10.62334/ulipod.1506611

Abstract

Küresel alanda, devlet dışı aktörler tarafından gerçekleştirilen terörizmin sınırsız bir etki alanına sahip olduğu göz önüne alındığında, enerji güvenliği devletler için giderek daha fazla önem kazanan bir alan olarak ortaya çıkar. Terörizm alanında bu sınırsızlık, uluslararası sistemde yeni alanlara genişlerken; enerji terörizmi bölgesel çatışmalarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada enerji güvenliğinin kırılganlık yaratan alanlarına dikkat çekilerek, enerji terörizminin enerji güvenliği açısından yeni bir alan olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. Bu açıdan çalışmanın en önemli amacı enerji terörizminin tanımına ve literatürdeki eksikliklere odaklanarak kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturmaktır. Enerji terörünün uluslararası çatışmalar ve güncel gelişmeler eksenindeki etkisi nitel verilere dayalı olarak incelenecektir.

Keywords

Enerji, Enerji Terörizmi, Enerji Güvenliği

The Emergence of Energy Terrorism and its Impacts on Regional and International Conflicts

Abstract

Considering that terrorism carried out by non-state actors has an unlimited sphere of influence in the global arena, energy security emerges as an area that is increasingly gaining importance for states. While this limitlessness in the field of terrorism expands to new regions of the international system, energy terrorism comes to the forefront of regional conflicts. In this research, we will focus on the elements of energy security that contribute to fragility and deliberate the potential emergence of energy terrorism as a novel facet within the domain of energy security. The primary goal of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that defines energy terrorism and addresses the gaps in the existing literature. The study will also analyze the impact of energy terrorism on international conflicts and current developments using qualitative data.

Keywords

Energy, Energy Terrorism, Energy Security

References

• APERC (2007). “A Quest For Energy Security in The 21st Century; Institute Of Energy Econmics”, Japan, https://aperc.or.jp/file/2010/9/26/APERC_2007_A_Quest_for_Energy_Security.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2023).
• Bassiouni, M. C. (2002). “Legal Control of International Terrorism: A Policy-Oriented Assessment”, Harvard International Law Journal, Volume: 43, Issue: 1, pp. 83-103.
• Bergesen, A. J., ve Lizardo, O. (2004). “International Terrorism and the World-System”, Sociological Theory, Volume: 22, Issue: 1, pp. 38-52.
• Biresselioglu, M. E., ve Yumurtaci, I. O. (2015). “Evaluating the Nature of Terrorist Attacks on the Energy Infrastructure: The Periodical Study For”, Int. J. Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Volume: 10, Issue: 3, pp. 325-341.
• EIA (2017). “World Oil Transit Chokepoints”, https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/special-topics/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2024).
• EIA (2023). “Red Sea Chokepoints are Critical for International Oil and Natural Gas Flows”, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61025, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2024).
• Energy Policy (2023). “Терроризм в энергетической промышленности”, https://energypolicy.ru/terrorizm-v-energeticheskoj-promyshlennosti/neft/2023/14/23/, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2024).
• Herre, B. (2023). “The Global Terrorism Database: How do Researchers Measure Terrorism”, https://ourworldindata.org/the-global-terrorism-database-how-do-researchers-measure-terrorism, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2024).
• Hu, X., Lai, F., Chen, G., Zou, R., ve Feng, Q. (2019). “Quantitative Research on Global Terrorist Attacks and Terrorist Attack Classification”, Sustainability, Volume: 11, Issue: 5, pp. 1-16.
• Jones, O., ve Dodds, P. E. (2017). “Definitions of Energy Security”, (Eds. R. Steinberger-Wilckens, P. Dodds, Z. Kurban, A. Velazquez Abad, ve J. Radcliffe), The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Delivering Energy Security For the UK, Londan: H2FC Hub: 22-34.
• Koknar, A. M. (2009). “The Epidemic of Energy Terrorism”, (Eds. G. Luft, & A. Korin), Energy Security Challenges For the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook, United States: ABC CLIO: 18-30.
• Kommersant (2006). “энергетический терроризм”, https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/642683, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2024).
• Koyama, K., & Kutani, I. (2012). Study on the Development of an Energy Security Index and an Assessment of Energy Security for East Asian Countries, Jakarta: ERIA.
• Lee, C. (2018). “Oil and Terrorism: Uncovering the Mechanisms”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume: 62, Issue: 5, pp. 903-1148.
• Lee, C. (2022). “Why do Terrorists Target the Energy Industry? A review of Kidnapping, Violence and Attacks Against Energy Infrastructure”, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume: 87, pp. 1-7.
• Lee, C.-C., Lee, C.-C., & Ning, S.-L. (2017). “Dynamic Relationship of Oil Price Shocks and Country Risks”, Energy Economics, Volume: 66, pp. 571-581.
• Monge, M., ve Cristobal, E. (2021). “Terrorism and the Behavior of Oil Production and Prices in OPEC”, Resources Policy, Volume: 74, pp. 1-10.
• Olech, A. (2022). “Terrorist Threats to the Energy Sector in Africa and the Middle East”, (Ed. S. J. Lohmann), Countering Terrorism on Tomorrow’s Battlefield: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resiliency NATO COE-DAT Handbook 2, US: Strategic Studies Institute and US Army War College Press: 161-187.
• Polo, S. M., ve Gleditsch, K. S. (2016). “Twisting Arms and Sending Messages: Terrorist Tactics in Civil War”. Journal of Peace Research, Volume: 53, Issue: 6, pp. 815-829.
• Pronińska, K. (2007). Energy and Security: Regional and Global Dimensions, SIPRI Yearbook 2007, Stockholm.
• Raydan, N. (2023). “Houthi Ship Attacks Are Affecting Red Sea Trade Routes”, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/houthi-ship-attacks-are-affecting-red-sea-trade-routes, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2024).
• Šinka, D., Krajcar, S., ve Bajs, T. (2016). “Assessing Terrorist Threats For Energy Infrastructure By Combining Historical Data And Expert Judgments”, National Security and the Future, Volume: 17, Issue: 1, pp. 153-166.
• Tichý, L. (2019). “Energy Infrastructure as a Target of Terrorist Attacks from the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria”, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Volume: 25, pp. 1-13.
• Tobin, W., ve Webster, J. (2023). “Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea Hurt Global Trade and Slow the Energy Transition”, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/houthi-attacks-in-the-red-sea-hurt-global-trade-and-slow-the-energy-transition/, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2024).
• Toft, P., Duero, A. ve Bieliauskas, A. (2010). “Terrorist Targeting and Energy Security”, Energy Policy, Volume: 38, Issue: 8, pp. 4411-4421.
• TRT Haber (2023). “Bakan Fidan: PKK/YPG'nin Kontrolündeki Tüm Tesisler Artık Meşru Hedef”, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/bakan-fidan-pkkypgnin-kontrolundeki-tum-tesisler-artik-mesru-hedef-800584.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2023).
• United States Instutite of Peace (2001). “International Terrorism: Definitions, Causes and Responses”, US, https://www.usip.org/publications/2001/11/international-terrorism-definitions-causes-and-responses, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.02.2024).
• Yılmaz, M. E. (2012). “Westphalia’dan Günümüze Savaş”, (Ed. H. G. M. Aydın), Uluslararası İlişkilerde Çatışmadan Güvenliğe, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları: 75-88.