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Investigation of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Storage Life of Nitrocellulose Based Fuels

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 71 - 81, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1131709

Abstract

The fuels of the munitions, which are the subject of this study, are exposed to all kinds of climatic conditions (vibration, low and high altitude, high altitude in aircraft, extreme temperature, humidity, etc.). For this reason, it completes the storage life given after production in a shorter time and can explode on its own. For this purpose, rapid aging process was applied at three different temperatures (60C-70C-80C) and 60% humidity conditions in order to simulate the environmental effects that the dual-base fuel is exposed to. Various tests were applied by observing the physical and chemical changes of the fuel whose aging process was completed. As a result of the stabilizer amount determination test, it was observed that the amount of stabilizer decreased below the minimum 0.2% w/w value, and the amount of stabilizer decreased with the effect of rapid aging. It was observed that the moisture content did not exceed the maximum value of 0.6% in the moisture determination test, the calorific value remained between 836-864 cal/g in the calorific value measurement test, and the heat flow amount did not exceed the maximum 114 µw/g in the stability test performed with the heat flow calorimeter (HFC). With the SEM microscope, the structure of the fuels was visualized and the changes in the fuel after natural aging and rapid aging processes were observed. By taking the FTIR spectra, the chemical changes occurring in naturally aged and fast aged fuels were investigated.

References

  • [1] Gonçalves R. F. B., Rocco J. A. F. F and Iha K. “Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Aged Solid Propellant Based on Ammonium Perchlorate-AP/HTPB Binder”. Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context-Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Iso thermal Titration Calorimetry and Microcalorimetry, pp.325-342, 2008.
  • [2] Zalewski, R., Wolszakıewicz, T., Analysis of Uniaxial Tensile Tests for Homogeneous Solid Propellants under Various Loading Conditions, Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 8(4), 223-231 ISSN 1733-7178, 2011.
  • [3] DOSG Nitrocellulose Rocket Propellant Qualification Requirements MP Sloan, DOSG ST1, 16/04/2012
  • [4] Synthesis and crystal characterization of novel fulleropyrrolidines and their potential application as nitrocellulose-based propellants stabilizer, Guang Li, Bo Jin*, Zuohu Chai, Ling Ding, Shijin Chu, Rufang Peng, Polymer Degradation and Stability 172 (2020) 109061
  • [5] Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis and chemiluminescence Jozef Rychly, Agnes Lattuati-Derieux, Lyda Matisova´-Rychla, Katarı´na Csomorova, Ivica Janigova, Bertrand Lave´drine, J Therm Anal Calorim (2012) 107:1267–1276
  • [6] Beat Vogelsanger, Chemical Stability, Compatibility and Shelf Life of Explosives, Explosives Chimia 2004, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 401.408
  • [7] Ashraf M.A. Elghafour, Mostafa Radwan, Ahmed Fahd, Hosam E. Mostafa, Sherif Elbasuney, Novel approach to quantify the chemical stability and shelf life of modified double-base propellants, Defence Technology, Volume 14, Issue 6, December 2018, pp. 720-724
  • [8] Macdonald A F, Characterisation of Thermal Aged NC by GPC, Materials Science Research Division AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, UK
  • [9] Kenneth K.K and Acharya R. “Solid Propellants And Their Combustion Characteristics”. First published, Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
  • [10] BABABURUN, Cihad Bahadır “Kompozit Esaslı Katı Roket Yakıtlarının Yaşlanmaya Bağlı Mekanik Özelliklerinin Deneysel Araştırılması” Yüksek LisansTezi Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Savunma Teknolojileri Anabilim Dalı, Şubat 2020
  • [11] Venkatachalam,S., Santhosh, G., Ninan, K.N., “High Energy Oxidisers for Advanced Solid Propellants and Explosives”, Advances in Solid Propellant Technology, P1 International HEMS Workshop, 87-106 (2002).
  • [12] AOP-48 EDITION-II Explosives. “Nitroselluloz Based Propellants”. Stability Test Procedurs and Requirements Using Stabilizer Depletion is a NATO/P/P Unclassified publication, Publisher NATO (Edition 1), April 2007)
  • [13] STANAG 4582 Explosives. “Nitroselluloz Based Propellants, Stability Test Procedure and Requirements Heat Flow Calorimeter”. Publisher NATO (Edition 1), 30 June 2001.
  • [14] AOP-7 (Edition 2) - Manual Of Data Requırements and Tests For The Qualıfıcatıon Of Explosıve Materıals For Mılıtary Use is a Nato/Pfp Unclassıfıed publication. June 2003
  • [15] R. Meenakshi, L. Jaganathan, S. Gunasekaran & S. Srinivasan (2012) Molecular structure and vibrational spectroscopic investigation of nitroglycerin using DFT calculations, Molecular Simulation, 38:3, 204-210, DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.614240
  • [16] D. O. Jegede, G. O. Adewuyi, M. R. Gbadamosi, P. O. Oladoye, A. L. Ogunneye. O. J. Oyewola (2019) Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate and Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Using Chemical and Microbial Methods, Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 24, No. 2. 77-89.
  • [17] F. de la Ossa, M. Torre, C. Garcia-Ruiz (2012) Nitrocellulose In Propellants: Characteristics and Thermal Properties, Advances in Materials Science Research Vol.7, Nova Science Publishers.

Nitroselüloz Bazlı Yakıtların Depolama Ömürlerine Ortam Koşullarının Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 71 - 81, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1131709

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusu olan mühimmatlara ait yakıtlar her türlü iklim koşullarına (titreşim, alçak ve yüksek rakım, hava araçlarında yüksek irtifa, aşırı sıcaklık, nem vb.) maruz kalmaktadır. Bu sebeple üretim sonrası verilen depolama ömrünü daha kısa sürede tamamlamakta ve kendiliğinden infilak edebilmektedir. Bu maksatla çift bazlı yakıtın maruz kaldığı çevresel etkileri simüle edilebilmesi için üç farklı sıcaklıkta (60C-70C-80C) ve %60 nem koşulları sağlanarak hızlı yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Yaşlandırma işlemi tamamlanan yakıtın fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimleri gözlemlenerek çeşitli testler uygulanmıştır. Stabilizör miktarı tayini testi sonucunda stabilizör miktarının minimum % 0,2 w/w değerinin altına düştüğü, hızlı yaşlanma etkisi ile stabilizör miktarının azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Nem tayini testinde nem miktarının maksimum %0,6 değerini aşmadığı, kalori değeri ölçümü testinde kalori değerinin 836-864 cal/g değerleri arasında kaldığı, ısı akış kalorimetresi (HFC) ile yapılan kararlılık testinde ısı akış miktarının maksimum 114 µw/g değerini aşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. SEM mikroskobu ile yakıtların yapısı görüntülenerek doğal yaşlanma ve hızlı yaşlandırma işlemleri sonrasında yakıtta meydana gelen değişimler gözlenmiştir. FTIR spektrumları alınarak doğal yaşlanmış ve hızlı yaşlandırılmış yakıt içinde meydana gelen kimyasal değişimler incelenmiştir.

References

  • [1] Gonçalves R. F. B., Rocco J. A. F. F and Iha K. “Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Aged Solid Propellant Based on Ammonium Perchlorate-AP/HTPB Binder”. Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context-Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Iso thermal Titration Calorimetry and Microcalorimetry, pp.325-342, 2008.
  • [2] Zalewski, R., Wolszakıewicz, T., Analysis of Uniaxial Tensile Tests for Homogeneous Solid Propellants under Various Loading Conditions, Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 8(4), 223-231 ISSN 1733-7178, 2011.
  • [3] DOSG Nitrocellulose Rocket Propellant Qualification Requirements MP Sloan, DOSG ST1, 16/04/2012
  • [4] Synthesis and crystal characterization of novel fulleropyrrolidines and their potential application as nitrocellulose-based propellants stabilizer, Guang Li, Bo Jin*, Zuohu Chai, Ling Ding, Shijin Chu, Rufang Peng, Polymer Degradation and Stability 172 (2020) 109061
  • [5] Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis and chemiluminescence Jozef Rychly, Agnes Lattuati-Derieux, Lyda Matisova´-Rychla, Katarı´na Csomorova, Ivica Janigova, Bertrand Lave´drine, J Therm Anal Calorim (2012) 107:1267–1276
  • [6] Beat Vogelsanger, Chemical Stability, Compatibility and Shelf Life of Explosives, Explosives Chimia 2004, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 401.408
  • [7] Ashraf M.A. Elghafour, Mostafa Radwan, Ahmed Fahd, Hosam E. Mostafa, Sherif Elbasuney, Novel approach to quantify the chemical stability and shelf life of modified double-base propellants, Defence Technology, Volume 14, Issue 6, December 2018, pp. 720-724
  • [8] Macdonald A F, Characterisation of Thermal Aged NC by GPC, Materials Science Research Division AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, UK
  • [9] Kenneth K.K and Acharya R. “Solid Propellants And Their Combustion Characteristics”. First published, Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
  • [10] BABABURUN, Cihad Bahadır “Kompozit Esaslı Katı Roket Yakıtlarının Yaşlanmaya Bağlı Mekanik Özelliklerinin Deneysel Araştırılması” Yüksek LisansTezi Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Savunma Teknolojileri Anabilim Dalı, Şubat 2020
  • [11] Venkatachalam,S., Santhosh, G., Ninan, K.N., “High Energy Oxidisers for Advanced Solid Propellants and Explosives”, Advances in Solid Propellant Technology, P1 International HEMS Workshop, 87-106 (2002).
  • [12] AOP-48 EDITION-II Explosives. “Nitroselluloz Based Propellants”. Stability Test Procedurs and Requirements Using Stabilizer Depletion is a NATO/P/P Unclassified publication, Publisher NATO (Edition 1), April 2007)
  • [13] STANAG 4582 Explosives. “Nitroselluloz Based Propellants, Stability Test Procedure and Requirements Heat Flow Calorimeter”. Publisher NATO (Edition 1), 30 June 2001.
  • [14] AOP-7 (Edition 2) - Manual Of Data Requırements and Tests For The Qualıfıcatıon Of Explosıve Materıals For Mılıtary Use is a Nato/Pfp Unclassıfıed publication. June 2003
  • [15] R. Meenakshi, L. Jaganathan, S. Gunasekaran & S. Srinivasan (2012) Molecular structure and vibrational spectroscopic investigation of nitroglycerin using DFT calculations, Molecular Simulation, 38:3, 204-210, DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.614240
  • [16] D. O. Jegede, G. O. Adewuyi, M. R. Gbadamosi, P. O. Oladoye, A. L. Ogunneye. O. J. Oyewola (2019) Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate and Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Using Chemical and Microbial Methods, Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 24, No. 2. 77-89.
  • [17] F. de la Ossa, M. Torre, C. Garcia-Ruiz (2012) Nitrocellulose In Propellants: Characteristics and Thermal Properties, Advances in Materials Science Research Vol.7, Nova Science Publishers.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Çağlayan 0000-0001-7383-7109

Muharrem Pul 0000-0002-0629-3516

Ayşegül Ülkü Metin 0000-0001-8494-601X

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date June 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çağlayan, M., Pul, M., & Metin, A. Ü. (2023). Nitroselüloz Bazlı Yakıtların Depolama Ömürlerine Ortam Koşullarının Etkisinin İncelenmesi. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 15(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1131709

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