Gizemli Figür: İran ve Suriye’den Seramik Heykeller C. 1150-1250

Abstract

İslâm’ın gelişi ile birlikte putperestliğin yasaklanmasından sonra heykeltıraşlık sanatına çok ihtiyatlı yaklaşılmış ve İslâmî bir sanatsal ifade biçimi olarak görülmemiştir. Ancak Selçuklular zamanında gelindiğinde durum değişmiş ve sanat genel anlamıyla bazı değişikliklere uğramıştır. Nitekim daha önce önem verilmeyen heykeltıraşlık sanatına büyük bir alaka gösterilmiş ve sanatçıların ve onların destekçilerinin ilgisini çekmiştir. Bunun neticesinde sanatın kendisinden önce ve sonra ayırt edici özellikler bulduğu Selçuklular döneminde yeni bir sanatsal üslup ortaya çıkmış, birçok yeni dekoratif tema geliştirilmiş ve farklı temalarla insan heykelleri ve figürinleri yapılmıştır. 1150-1250 yılları arasında yeni bir moda ile gelen talep, sistematik alçı, seramik ve metal heykel üretimini teşvik etmiştir. Bu dönemde başta Kâşân, Rakka, Rey ve İsfahan gibi şehirlerde çok sayıda seramik heykel ve figürin üretilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Selçuklu dönemi seramikleri üzerinde çok sayıda çalışması bulunan Melanie Gibson tarafından kaleme alınan “Gizemli Fı̇gür: İran ve Surı̇ye’den Seramik Heykeller c. 1150-1250” adlı makale İngilizce aslına sadık kalınarak Türkçe’ye tercüme edilmiştir. Makalede Selçuklular döneminde üretilen seramiklerin içeriği ve üretim aşamaları ile ilgili bilgi verilmesinin yanında, Kâşân ve Rakka’da üretilen, çeşitli müzelerde ve koleksiyonlarda bulunan on beş adet seramik figürün hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur

Keywords

• Selçuklular
• Selçuklu Seramikleri
• Figürin
• İran ve Suriye Seramikleri

The Enigmatic Figure: Ceramic Sculpture from Iran and Syria C. 1150-1250

Abstract

After the prohibition of idolatry with the advent of Islam, the art of sculpture was approached very cautiously and was not seen as an Islamic form of artistic expression. However, by the time of the Seljuks, the situation had changed and the art in general underwent some changes. As a matter of fact, the previously neglected art of sculpture was given great attention and attracted the attention of artists and their supporters. As a result, a new artistic style emerged during the Seljuk period, when art found distinctive features before and after it, many new decorative themes were developed, and human statues and figurines were made with different themes. Between 1150 and 1250, a new fashion and demand encouraged the systematic production of plaster, ceramic and metal sculptures. During this period, a large number of ceramic sculptures and figurines were produced in cities such as Kâshân, Raqqa, Rayy and Isfahan. In this study, Melanie Gibson, who has written extensively on Seljuk period ceramics, translated the article “The Enigmatic Figure: Ceramic Sculpture from Iran and Syria C. 1150-1250”, which has been faithfully translated into Turkish. In addition to providing information about the content and production stages of the ceramics produced during the Seljuk period, the article evaluates fifteen ceramic figurines produced in Kâshân and Raqqa and found in various museums and collections.

Keywords

• Seljuks
• Seljuk Ceramics
• Figurines
• Iranian and Syrian Ceramics

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