AUTHOR GUIDELINES

Page Layout: A4 Vertical, Page Margins (Normal) (all around [right-left-top-bottom] 2.1 cm)
Typeface: Palatino Linotype, the main headings should be written in 12-point font and the text should be written in 10-point font.
Title: Regardless of the language in which the article is written, titles should be given in Turkish and English. Titles should be short, clear and adequately reflect the content of the article; they should be bold and the first letter of each word should be capitalized. Titles should not exceed fifteen words.
Headings: All words should be in bold; the first letter of each word should be capitalized and the title should be carriage-returned at the end.
Sub-headings: It should be written in bold; however, the first letter of each word should be capitalised and the heading should be carriage-returned at the end.
Author Name(s) and Address(es):
The author's name should be under the title of the article. The author's surname should be written in capital letters. The author's title, institution, e-mail address and ORCID number must be indicated in the footnote.
Abstract
It should clearly and concisely reflect the purpose, scope, methodology, results, highlights and originality of the article. An abstract should be written in Turkish and English for all articles, regardless of the language in which they are written, including English. The abstract should not exceed 350 words. Keywords should be included with the abstract. Abstracts should be written in 9-point font size and abstracts written in foreign languages should be italicised. Care should be taken to avoid language mistakes in foreign language abstracts. Abstracts are checked by the editor and the errors detected are sent to the author. Corrected abstracts are checked again and a second correction may be requested if necessary. Turkish characters should not be used in titles in foreign languages. For proper names, if there is a known English equivalent, English should be preferred.
Keywords
Minimum 3 and maximum 8 keywords reflecting the integrity of the study should be determined.
Introduction
The basis of the research topic, summary information about the parts of the study, its equivalent in the scientific literature, the importance of the research, the research problem and objectives should be detailed in the introduction.
Main Text
It is preferred that manuscripts should be written in a format  using an IBM compatible computer and Microsoft Word software programme. The page structure should be in A4 size, the margins should be 2.1 cm from the right, left, top and bottom, aligned on both sides, and the space between paragraphs should be 14 pt before and after. Palatino or Palatino Linotype typefaces should be used in the article and the font size should be 10 pt. A "TAB" key should be used at the beginning of paragraphs and no spelling should be made at the end of the line. Punctuation marks should be written adjacent to the words before them. A space of one letter should be left after the signs in question. If a special typeface is used in the text, these characters should be sent with the document. The study must comply with the rules of grammar. The latest TLA (Turkish Language Association) Spelling Guide should be taken as a basis in the use of punctuation marks, spelling of words and abbreviations in the article, a clear and simple way of expression should be followed, and unnecessary information that goes beyond the purpose vii and scope should not be included. In the preparation of the article, valid scientific methods should be followed, and information such as the subject, purpose, scope, rationale for preparation, etc. should be given sufficiently and in a certain order. An article should include an abstract, sections of the main text, bibliography and appendices (if any). Whether or not to use titles such as "Introduction" and "Conclusion" depends on the type of the study and the necessity of the subject. However, the article should have a conclusion paragraph. "Conclusion" should be in accordance with the purpose and scope of the research and should be given in main lines and concisely. Issues not mentioned in the text should not be included in the "Conclusion". Main headings, headings and sub-headings can be used in order to provide a certain order.
Extended Summary in English
In the article, after the conclusion section of the study, there should be an extended summary in English, which is approximately 5-15% of the article text in terms of word count. The extended summary should include the purpose, problem, method, findings and results of the research as in the "abstract". The information given should be expressed a little more broadly than the "abstract". It should not contain any findings or conclusions that are not included in the research text. Articles written in English do not need to have an extended summary in English. The extended summary should be sent after the decision of "publishable" for the article. It does not need to be included in the first submission.
The Turkish version of the extended summary should also be sent for checking by the English Language Editors. Turkish extended summary will not be used in the publication.
Bibliography
Bibliography should be prepared in accordance with the citation guidelines found in the Sixth Edition of the APA. In-text references and references should be given in accordance with the language of the full text. For the full text in Turkish, the principles and procedures of citing references in Turkish, and the procedures and principles of citing references in English for the full text in English should be considered.
Appendices
Additional tables, figures, graphs and pictures should be given on a new page after the bibliography. Each appendix should be categorised as Appendix 1, Appendix 2 and titled separately.
Figures, Tables and Photographs:
Figures, tables and photographs should not extend beyond the writing area, and if necessary, each should be placed on a separate page. Figures and tables should be numbered and titled in Turkish or English according to their content. The numbers and titles should be written under the figures and above the tables with only the first letters of the words capitalised, and should be drawn in black ink on tracing or white paper with a smooth and sufficient line thickness to avoid difficulties in reduction and printing. Tables should be made with the table command in the "WORD" programme. In mandatory cases, "EXCEL" tables can be used. When necessary, explanatory footnotes or abbreviations should be given immediately below the figures and tables. In addition, the rules specified for figures should be followed. It is preferred that figures, tables and pictures should not exceed ten pages. Figures, tables and illustrations should be placed in their places in the text, provided that they can be printed verbatim.
Footnotes
Footnotes are used only for mandatory explanations and are given automatically with the "FOOTNOTE" command. References here should also be arranged in parentheses with the surname of the author, publication year and page number of the work. Example: (Turan, 1969, s. 54)
Citations
Quotations made verbatim in the article should be given in quotation marks and the source should be indicated in parentheses at the end of the quotation. Quotations of less than five lines / forty words should be italicised between sentences, and quotations longer than five lines / forty words should be italicised as a block, 1 cm from the right and left of the page. Non-verbatim quotations should be cited only in parentheses at the end.
Referencing and Bibliography
APA 6th version was taken as basis for in-text references (citations) and bibliography.
A. In-Text References (Citations)
1. Citations should be given immediately after the relevant part, in parentheses, with the surname of the author, the year of publication of the work/study, and the page number, using a comma “,” in between. The dot mark indicating the completion of the sentence should be placed after the parenthesis.
2. Footnotes should not be used to cite in-text, but to supplement or expand on important information given in the text.
3. In-text references use the author-date style; in other words, the surname of the author followed by the publication date of the work is given at the appropriate point in the text.
A. 1. Single Author, Single Work
1. The surname of the author, publication year of the text and page number are given immediately after the relevant part to be referred in the text. The page number is indicated by the abbreviation of “s.” for Turkish articles, and “p.” for English articles.
Example: Sultan Melikşah’ın hanımı Terken Hatun ile diğer hanımı Zübeyde Hatun’dan doğan oğlu Berkyaruk arasında başlayan taht kavgalarına daha sonra Suriye Selçuklu Meliki Tutuş, Sultan Melikşah’ın diğer çocukları Muhammed Tapar ve Sencer ile hanedanın diğer mensupları da katılmıştır. (Özaydın, 2016, s. 6).
2. If the author's name is in the relevant sentence, it is sufficient to indicate the date and page in parentheses.
Example: Özaydın (2016, s. 14), Ortaçağ İslâm dünyasının en seçkin vezirlerinden biri olan Nizâmülmülk’ün…
Example: Özaydın, Ortaçağ İslâm dünyasının en seçkin vezirlerinden biri olan Nizâmülmülk’ün… ifade etmektedir (2016, s. 14).
3. If the author and publication year are indicated in the sentence, the author and the date are not given in parentheses.
Example: Konuyla ilgili olarak Demirkent’in 1996 yılında gerçekleştirmiş olduğu çalışma örnek gösterilebilir.
4. If the entire study is to be referred to, the surname of the author and the year of publication are written in parentheses.
Example: Birinci Haçlı Seferi ordularının Anadolu’dan geçişi, Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti’ne büyük bir darbe vurdu (Demirkent, 1996).
5. If the same work is to be referred to a second time in a paragraph, it is sufficient to give the surname of the author in the second paragraph; there is no need to add the year of publication.
Example: Salim Koca (2016), Melikşah’ın kendisine itaatkâr davrandığı sürece Süleyman-şâh’a müdahale etmek niyetinde olmadığını ifade etmektedir… Koca, Melikşah’ın Kutalmışoğullarına karşı bir düşmanlığının olmadığını, Onlar Anadolu’da bir devlet kuracaklarsa bunun ancak kendisinin yüksek hakimiyetini tanımakla mümkün olabileceğini savunmaktadır..
6. If the referenced source consists of volumes, the volume number is written before the page number and indicated with the abbreviation "C." in Turkish articles. In English articles, the abbreviation “Vol.” is used for the volume.
Example: (Köymen, 1979, C. 2, s. 30)
A. 2. Works with Two or More Authors
1. For a work with two authors, the surnames of both authors should be included in each reference. While the last names of the authors are connected with the conjunction "and" in the sentence, the "&" sign is used in the parenthesis.
Example: Sevim ve Merçil (1995, s. 52) bu konuda…
Example: (Sevim & Merçil, 1995, s. 52)
2. When citing studies with three, four or five authors, the surnames of all authors are written only in the first reference. For subsequent references, the abbreviation “vd.” is used after the surname of the first author in Turkish texts. In English texts, the abbreviation "et al." is used after the surname of the first author.
Example: First reference in a paragraph: Kayapınar, Hocaoğlu, Vardar ve diğerleri (2017, s. 108) bu yaklaşımı sergileyen çalışmaların…
3. Second and subsequent references in a paragraph: Kayapınar ve diğerleri (2017, s. 110) bu yaklaşımı sergileyen çalışmaların…
Example: First reference in parentheses: (Kayapınar, Hocaoğlu, & Vardar, 2017, s. 121)
Second and subsequent references in parentheses: (Kayapınar, vd., 2017, s. 121)
4. When citing works with six or more authors, only the surname of the first author is indicated.
Example: In a sentence: Koca ve diğerleri (2000, s. 50)
In a parenthesis: (Koca vd., 2000, s. 50)
5. When referring to two different authors whose surnames and first letters are the same, the names and surnames of the authors are written without abbreviation.
Example: (Rüçhan Arık, 2000), (Remzi Oğuz Arık, 1969)
A.3. Legal Entity Authored Works
If a work belongs to a legal entity (government agencies, organisations, associations, working groups, etc.), the name should be written clearly and concisely in the reference. In some cases, the name of a legal entity may be abbreviated. If the name of the legal entity is long and has a well-known abbreviation, both the full name and the abbreviation are used in the first reference, and only the abbreviation is used in subsequent references. If the name of the legal entity is short and not easily understood by everyone when abbreviated, it shall be written without abbreviation wherever it is mentioned.
Example: First reference in the text: (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu [TÜBİTAK] 2015)…
Second and subsequent references in a paragraph: (TÜBİTAK 2015)…
Example: First reference in parentheses: (Türk Dil Kurumu [TDK], 2012, s. 38) In subsequent references in parentheses: (TDK, 2012, s. 38). A. 4. Works with an Unknown Author
If there is no author or legal entity name in a work, the first few words in the author field (usually from the title) and the year are used when citing.
In references, the title of the article, section title or the name of the web page is in quotation marks: The title of the book, journal, brochure or report is italicised.
Example: (“Osmanlı Döneminde Kahve”, 2000, s. 18)
(Yenilenebilir Enerji İmkânları, 2000)
A. 5. Works of Different Authors with Same Surnames
If there is more than one author with the same surname in the bibliography, the first letter of the author's surname is shortened and used in all references, whether the study was done in the same year or in a different year.
Example: (A. Demir, 2003, s. 46)… (H. Demir, 2003, s. 27)
A. 6. Referencing Multiple Works
1. If more than one work is to be cited in the same parenthesis, they should be in alphabetical order according to the surnames of the authors and separated with semicolons.
Example: (Koca, 2016, s. 121; Merçil, 2007, s. 51; Turan, 2015, s. 35)
2. If a reference is to be made to different works of an author, a sequence is followed from the oldest to the newest publication year, and the author's surname is written once at the beginning of the reference.
Example: (Baykara, 1988, s. 12; 1996, s. 38; 1997, s. 57)
3. The works of an author in the same year are distinguished by adding letters such as a, b, c… after the year.
Example: (Baykara, 1986a, s. 77)… (Baykara, 1986b, s. 59)
A. 7. Quoting or Citing Sources (Secondary Sources)
1. It is essential to reach primary sources in studies, but if they could not be reached due to some difficulties, the quoted or cited source is indicated in the reference.
Example: Çobanoğlu’nun çalışmasında (naklen Köprülü, 2004)…
A. 8. Referencing a Specific Part of a Work
1. When referring to a certain part of a source, the section, page, table and figure number of the item in question is indicated. When citing a source in this way, the abbreviations " appx." for appendices, "ch." for chapter, "par" for paragraph are used.
Example: (Öztürk, 2011, appx. 3), (Öztürk, 2012, Ch. 3), (Öztürk, 2012, Table 2), (Öztürk, 2019, par. 2)
2. If reference is made to consecutive pages in a work, a hyphen (-) is used between page numbers, and a comma (,) is used when referring to different pages. The abbreviation of “pp.” is used to indicate the page range in English articles.
Example: Vergilerin kimi bölgelerde kendi çıkarlarını önde tutan mültezimler eliyle toplanmaya başlaması ve ayarı düşük nomisma darbına girişilmesi ile birlikte değerlendirdiğimizde devletin nasıl önemli vergi kayıpları yaşadığını tasavvur etmek güç değildir (Ostrogorsky, 1991, s. 305,306).
Example: Türklerde “Kollektif hakimiyet sistemi” diye bir uygulama gerçekten var mı idi? Yoksa tek hükümdarlık ve hepsi ona bağlı olmak üzere kanat krallıkları usulü mü yürürlükte idi? (Kafesoğlu, 1977, s. 233, 235, 237).
Example: Melikşah’ın Kutalmışoğullarına karşı bir düşmanlığının söz konusu değildi. Onlar Anadolu’da bir devlet kuracaklarsa bu ancak kendisinin yüksek hâkimiyetini tanımakla mümkün olabilecekti. (Koca, 2016, s. 322-329)
A.9. Personal Communication
Information based on personal conversations by e-mail, telephone, face-to-face or other formats are shown in the text, but not in the bibliography.
Example: (A. Alp, personal communication, 27 Nisan 2018)
A. 10. Verses and Hadiths
Sura numbers and verse numbers are given in order while the verses are referenced.
Example: (Kur’an-ı Kerim 5: 3-4)
Hadiths should be cited according to the Concordance method.
Example: (Buhari, Es-Sahih, İman 1)
A. 11. Laws and Regulations
1. The name of the law or regulation and the year it was adopted are given in parentheses.
Example: (İlköğretim ve Eğitim Kanunu, 1961)
2. If the name of the law or regulation is too long, abbreviation can be used.
Example: Kanunun adı: İnternet Ortamında Yapılan Yayınların Düzenlenmesi ve Bu Yayınlar Yoluyla İşlenen Suçlarla Mücadele Edilmesi Hakkında Kanun
References in a sentence: (İnternet Ortamında Yapılan, 2007)
A. 12. Manuscripts
1. When citing a manuscript, abbreviation of auth. should be placed after the author's name. Catalog number and leaf/page number should be specified. Full citation should be shown in the bibliography.
Example: (Taşköpri-zâde, yz. 1269, 2b)
2. If the author of the manuscript is unknown, the name of the work and the catalog number in the library where it is located should be written.
Example: (Mecmua-i Eş’ar, yz. 13400, 5a)
A. 13. Archival Documents
When citing archival documents, the abbreviation in the text should be as in the example, and its explanation should be given in the bibliography.
Example: (BOA, C.HR 146: 7297).
A. 14. Printed Sources with No Publication Year
If there is no publication date in a printed source, abbreviation of “t.y.” is used to indicate it in Turkish articles. The abbreviation of “n.d.” is used to indicate it in English articles.
Example: (Akdoğan, t.y., s. 25)
A. 15. Referencing in the Comments in Parentheses
If a reference is required during a statement to be made in parentheses, a comma should be used for the date, not square brackets.
Example: (Bu konuda daha ayrıntılı bilgi için bk. Togan, 1969)
B. Bibliography
All sources used in the article should be included in the "Bibliography", even if they are related to the subject of the article, documents and artefacts not mentioned in the article should not be included in the bibliography.
References should be given alphabetically at the end of the main text according to the surnames of the authors. For the ones before the Surname Law, the author's name should be taken as basis and no abbreviation should be made.
Bibliography must be written in the Latin alphabet.
B. 1. Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters
In the writing of book titles, only the first words of the title and sub-titles and proper names, if any, should be written in capital letters. Book titles are written in italics. The word "Publications" in publisher names can be abbreviated as "Pub.".
B.1.1. Books with Single Author
The Surname of the Author, the First Letter of the Author’s Name. (Year of Publication). The Title of the Book (Italics). The City Where the Book Was Published: Publisher.
Example: Konyalı, İ. H. (1965). Abideleri ve kitabeleri ile Konya tarihi. Konya: Yeni Kitap Basımevi.
B.1.2. Books with Two Authors
In books with two authors, the & sign is used between the surnames and names of the author.
Example: Sevim, A. & Merçil, E. (2014). Selçuklu devletleri tarihi siyaset, teşkilat ve kültür. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay.
B.1.3. Books with Three or More Authors
1. If the number of authors is seven or less, all author names are given in the bibliography.
Example: Akyüz, K., Beken, S., Yüksel, S. & Cunbur, M. (2000). Fuzulî dîvânı. Ankara: Akçağ Yay.
2. If the number of authors is eight or more, three dots (…) are placed by giving the information of the first six authors, then this section is closed by giving the information of the last author.
3. Author, A., Author, B., Author, C., Author, D., Author, E., Author, F., … Author, H. (Year of Publication). The Title of the Book (Italics). The City Where the Book Was Published: Publisher.
B.1.4. Books by an Author Published in the Same Year
1. The letters “a, b, c…” are used to distinguish the works of an author published in the same year.
Example: Merçil, E. (1989a). Kirman Selçukluları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay.
Merçil, E. (1989b). Gazneliler devleti. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay.
B.1.5. Books Written by Legal Entities
In the author part, the name of the legal entity is written without abbreviation. If the publisher (publishing house) and the author are the same, “Yazar” for Turkish and “Author” for English should be written instead of the publisher.
Example: Türk Dil Kurumu. (2012). Yazım kılavuzu. Ankara: Yazar
B.1.6. Edited books
When the title of a book with an editor is written in the bibliography, the names of the editors are included in the author section and “Ed.” in parentheses after the last editor's name. abbreviation is used. If the person who prepared the publication is to be specified instead of the editor information, “Prep.” abbreviation can be used.
Example: Ceyhan, S. (Ed.). (2015). Türkiye’de tarikatlar. İstanbul: İSAM Yay.
If there is a reference to a chapter in a book with an editor, when showing it in the bibliography, the name of the editor is given after the title of the relevant chapter, not the author. The section title is not italicized.
The Surname of the Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Year of Publication). The Title of the Book Chapter. First letter of Editor’s Name and Surname of the Editor & First letter of Editor’s Name and Surname of the Second Editor (Ed.), in The Title of the Book (page range). The City Where the Book Was Published: Publisher
Example: Bezer, G. Ö. (2020). Kavramsal çerçeveden Selçuklu- Abbasi halifeliği ilişkilerine farklı bir bakış. M. A. Hacıgökmen & M. Kesik vd. (Ed.), Selçuklu tarihi ve tarihçiliğinin temel meseleleri (s. 173-178). Konya: Selçuklu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yay.
B.1.7. Translated Books
If a translation of a book from any foreign language into Turkish is to be cited, the name of the translator is indicated after the title of the book and then the abbreviation “Çev.” is used. For articles in English, the abbreviation “Trans.” is used.
Example: Cüveynî, A. M. (2013). Tarih-i Cihan Güşa (Öztürk, M. Çev.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay.
B.1.8. Encyclopedia Articles
The Surname of the Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Year of Publication). The Title of the Article. The Name of the Encyclopedia (Number of Volume, page range). The City Where the Encyclopedia Was Published: Publisher.
Example: Sümer, F. (2009). Selçuklular. İslâm ansiklopedisi (C. 36, s. 365-371). İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yay.
B.1.9 Books Without Author Name
The name of the book is written in the author section in italics.
Example: Malazgirt meydan muharebesi, 26 Ağustos 1071 (1971). Ankara: Gnkur. Bşk. Harp Tarihi Dairesi Bşk. Yay.
B.1.10. Specifying the Volume and Edition Numbers of Books
If the book consists of volumes, the volume number is indicated with the abbreviation “V.” in parentheses after the book name. If the edition is to be specified, the abbreviation “ed.” is used after the publisher.
Example: Köymen, M. A. (2011). Büyük Selçuklu imparatorluğu tarihi (C. 1-3). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay.
Devellioğlu, F. (2002). Osmanlıca-Türkçe ansiklopedik lûgat (19. bs.). Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi Yay.
Note: If the publisher is a university and the name of the university includes the city name, there is no need to write the place of publication.
Example: Yıldız, H. D. (1976). İslâmiyet ve Türkler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yay.
Note: If there are two different authors in the bibliography with the same surname and first letter, the names of the authors should be given in square brackets in the bibliography.
Example: Arık, R. [Rüçhan]. (2000)… Arık, R. [Remzi]. (1969)…
C. Periodicals
Includes regularly published scientific journals, popular magazines, and newspapers. The rules in writing the bibliography are valid in matters related to the number of authors. The general bibliography order for periodicals is as follows:
The Surname of the Author, A., The Surname of the Author, B. & The Surname of the Author, C. (Year of Publication). The Title of Article. The Name of Journal, (If available) Number of Volume (The Issue Number), page range. (If available) DOI Number.
C.1. Journal Articles
1. If the journal is published in volumes;
Example: Köprülü, M. F. (1943). Anadolu Selçukluları tarihinin yerli kaynakları. Belleten, VII/(27), 379-521.
If there is no volume numbe;
Example: Ögel, B. (1986). Türkiye Selçuklularında devlet ve ordu mehteri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuk Dergisi, 1, 1-20.
2. If an article without a DOI number has been accessed via the internet, the URL of the web page where the work is located should be given.
Example: Koca, S. (2016). Türkiye Selçuklu devletinin temel iç ve dış politikaları ve sultan I. Gıyâseddîn Keyhüsrev (1192-1196, 1205-1211) . Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5, 25-67. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/285677. 
3. If the content offered online is thought to be subject to change, the date of access to the website should be specified after the URL address of the article.
Example: Tunca, A. & Durmuş, E. (2019). Büyükannelerin torun büyütme yaşantılarının incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41, 209-226. http://sefad.selcuk.edu.tr/sefad/article/view/969. Erişim tarihi: 18.12.2019.
4. While citing popular magazine articles, the month information is also included after the publication year. If these articles were accessed via the internet, the access address should also be written.
Example: Odabaşı,Zehra.(2018, Nisan-Mayıs). Vezir Ata Fahreddin Ali Selçuklu- Moğol ittifakını kurdu. Atlas Tarih, 52, 85-89.
C.2. Newspaper Articles
While giving the page numbers of the newspaper articles in the bibliography, “p.” abbreviation is used. Newspaper names are written in italics.
Example: Toker, Ç. (2015, 26 Haziran). Unutma notları. Cumhuriyet, s. 13.
If the newspaper article is accessed via the internet, the URL address of the relevant web page should be given.
Example: Karaca, S. (2020, 12 Şubat). Kararlıyım ve yapacağım. Yeni Meram
Access Address: http://www.yenimeram.com.tr/12-subat-2020-yeni-meram gazetesi-393458.htm/3. 
D. Theses
D.1. Theses in an Institutional Database
Theses accessed from the Turkish Council of Higher Education Theses Database should be cited as in the example.
Example: Piyadeoğlu, C. (2008). Büyük Selçuklular döneminde Horasan 1040 1157 (PhD Thesis).
Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp 
D.2. Unpublished Theses
The Surname of the Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Year). The Title of Thesis (Unpublished Master’s Thesis/PhD Thesis). The Name of the University, The Location of University.
Example: Solmaz, S. (2001). Danişmendliler Devleti ve Kültürel Mirasları (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
D.3. Theses Accessed through Personal Web Pages
Example: Tonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doktora tezi, Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley). Access Address: http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/publicat.html. 
E. Symposium Proceedings and Congress Proceedings
E.1. Published Proceedings
The Surname of Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Year of Publication). The Name of Proceeding. The First letter of Editor/Redactor’s Name, The Surname of Editor/Redactor (Ed./Prep.), in the Name of the Publication (Page Range). The City Where the Work Was Published: Publisher.
Example: Öztürk, M. (2001). Selçuklu araştırmalarında Farsçanın önemi. O. Eravşar (Haz.), I. Uluslararası Selçuklu Kültür ve Medeniyeti Kongresi Bildirileri içinde (s. 181-189). Konya: Selçuk Araştırmaları Merkezi Yay.
E.2. Unpublished Proceedings
The Surname of Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Date). The Name of Proceeding. Event Name, The City Where the Event Was Held.
Example: Köklü, N. (1996). Üniversite öğrencilerinin istatistik kaygı puanlarına etki eden faktörler. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Araştırma Sempozyumu, Ankara.
F. Electronic Sources
F.1. E-books
The Surname of Author, First letter of Author’s Name. (Year of Publication): The Title of E-book. Access Address.
Example: Pınarbaşı, S. Ö. (2004). Çağlar boyu tahtın simgesel anlamları ışığında Türk tahtları. Erişim adresi: https://ekitap.ktb.gov.tr/TR-81063/caglar-boyu-tahtin-simgesel-anlamlari-isiginda-turk-tah-.html 
If the publication year of the book is unknown, the abbreviation of “t.y.” is used in Turkish texts and the date of access to the site is written. In English texts, the abbreviation of "n.d." is used and the date of access to the site is written.
Example: Akdoğan, Y. (t.y.). Ahmedî Dîvân. http://ekitap.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,78357/ahmedi-divani.html. Date of Access: 22.12.2015.
F.2. Citations from Websites
1. While the citations from the websites are specified in the bibliography, if the author and publication date are known, the access address to the site is written, there is no need to write the access date.
Example: Kenesarı, S. (2020, 15 Ağustos). Şehabettin Uzluk ve eşi Nimet Uzluk sağlıklarında Nafiz Bey’den kalan diğer kitap, dergi, fotoğraf ve tıp aletlerini, kendi kitaplarını, resim ve tablolarını, tarihî kartpostallarını Selçuk Üniversitesi’ne bağışladı. Access Address: https://www.yenihaberden.com/susam-tarafindan-yazma-ve-matbu-eserler-kurtarildi-1576918h.htm 
2. If the author is known, but the date is not known, “n.d.” abbreviation is used and the date of access to the site is written.
Example: Razon, N. (t.y.). Gencin meslek seçimini etkileyen faktörler. https://www.ekipnormarazon.com/makalelerimiz/meslek-secimi/gencin-meslek-secimini-etkileyen-faktorler/. Date of Access: 13.03.2020.
3. If there is no author information, the title of the article is written in the author section and the date of access to the site is included.
Example: Hatun kelimesinin etimolojik kökeni hakkında tam anlamıyla uzlaşılamamış ancak Hatun kelimesinin kökenine dair yaygın iki görüş üzerinde durulmuştur. https://www.tarihikadim.com/selcuklu-saltanat-mucadelesinde-hirsli-bir-kadin-terken-hatun/ Date of Access: 16.04.2021.
G. Laws and Regulations
The Name of the Legislation. (Year, Day, and Month). T.C. Resmî Gazete (Number: …). The Accessing Address.
Example: Nükleer İhracat Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. (2020, 13 Şubat). T.C. Resmî Gazete (Sayı: 31038). Access Address: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/02/20200213-3.htm. 
H. Manuscripts and Printed Works
1. The Name of the Author. The Name of the Work. The Name of The Library. Collection, Catalogue Number, Foil Spacing/Page Spacing.
Example: el- Kütübî Muhammed b. Sakir. Uyûnû’t- tevûrih. Millet Kütüphanesi. Feyzullah Efendi Kitapları, 1491, vr. 70.
2. For printed works, the name of the printing house where the work was printed is written instead of the Publisher.
Example: Ebüzziya Tevfik (1306). Lûgat-ı Ebüzziya. İstanbul: Ebüzziya Matbaası.
I. Archival Documents
Name of the Archive. Name of the Document (Number of the Document)..
Example: VGMA (Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi). 2176 No’lu Defter (17).
***
In the preparation of this guide on citation and bibliography writing, the book titled “Bilimsel Yayınlarda Kaynak Gösterme,Tablo ve Şekil Oluşturma Rehberi APA 6 Kuralları” (Şencan & Doğan, 2017) and Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences Thesis Writing Guide (2015) were used. These two sources should be consulted for matters that are not written or are not mentioned in this guide.

Principles of Publication Ethics
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME).
Republishing
The articles submitted to Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies for publication must be original works that have not been published in any way before. If the same or substantially similar articles are sent to the journal, the editor-in-chief sends such articles back to the author and may impose an embargo for 1 (one) year on the author who attempts to re-publish.
Simultaneous Submission of the Same Study to More Than One Journal
The articles submitted to Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies for publication must be original works that have not been submitted for publication elsewhere. A declaration is requested from the author(s) submitting an article to the journal within the scope of open access permission that the work has not been sent anywhere for publication. If it is detected that the same article has been submitted to more than one journal simultaneously, the editor may return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews.
Plagiarism Prevention Control
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies, as of the December 2023 issue, will make it compulsory for each submitted work to be checked for plagiarism in order to protect its integrity in accordance with the publication ethics. Plagiarism check is carried out through iThenticate software. The matches of each study revealed through the software are examined in depth and the matches with correct references and citations are extracted. The remaining matches are analysed and errors are detected and a report is prepared for the editorial board. The editorial board makes a final decision about the study in the light of the plagiarism check report of each study. The similarity rate in the iThenticate report should be less than 20%. If it is higher than 20%, the errors in the report may be requested to be corrected by the authors or the study may be rejected.
Forgery
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies rejects the articles submitted for publication if they are based on data that are not based on research or if they are presented as if research has been conducted although no research has been conducted.
Protection of Personal Data of Participants
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally available to the public be subject to formal ethical review. Editors are obliged to ensure the protection of personal data regarding the subjects or images included in the evaluated studies. Unless the explicit consent of the individuals used in the studies is documented, they are responsible for rejecting the study. Editors are also responsible for protecting the personal data of authors, reviewers and readers.
Notifications of Ethical Violations
If an important error or inaccuracy is noticed in an article published in Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies or if there is any complaint about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), notification can be made by sending an e-mail to usad@selcuk.edu.tr
When an ethical violation is detected in an article;
• The word "Withdrawn" is added at the beginning of the title in the electronic display.
• Instead of the Abstract and Full Text contents in the electronic version, the reasons for withdrawal of the article, detailed evidence sources, if any, are published together with the notifications of the institutions and organisations to which the author(s) are affiliated.
• The withdrawal notice is declared on the main page of the journal website.
• "Withdrawn: Article Title" is added to the table of contents of the electronic and printed copy of the first issue to be published as of the date of withdrawal starting from the first page, and the reasons for withdrawal and the original citations referring to it are shared with the public and researchers.
• The institutions(s) to which the author(s) is affiliated will be notified of the above withdrawal.
• The above-mentioned withdrawal notices are sent to the institutions and organisations where the Journal is indexed and to the Presidency of the National Library for registration in indexing systems and catalogues.
• In addition, the editorial board of the journal may recommend to the publishers or editorial boards of the previously published studies of the author(s) of the ethical violation to ensure the validity and reliability of the published studies or to withdraw them.
Correction, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
Within the scope of the duties and responsibilities of the author(s) and the editorial board during the withdrawal phase of a study or article in accordance with the publication policies of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies, in case the author(s) realises a mistake or error related to the published, early appearance or evaluation stage of the work, s/he has the obligation to cooperate with the editor of the journal in the withdrawal process. Author(s) who wish to withdraw their article under review are obliged to fill in the "Withdrawal Form" and send it to the editorial board via e-mail at usad@selcuk.edu.tr, signed and scanned with the wet-ink signature of each author. The editorial board reviews the withdrawal notification and returns within one week at the latest.
The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies has the obligation to initiate an investigation into the article in case of suspicion of copyright and plagiarism regarding an article published, in early view or at the evaluation stage. If the editorial board determines that copyright and plagiarism have been committed in the article under evaluation as a result of the investigation, it withdraws the work from the evaluation and returns it to the authors by citing the detected situations in detail.
If the editorial board determines that copyright infringement or plagiarism has occurred in a published article or an article in early view, the editorial board takes the following withdrawal and notification actions within one week at the latest.
Publication of Studies Based on Survey and Interview
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies adopts the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing.
• In this context, ethics committee approval must be obtained for studies submitted to the journal, which require ethics committee approval for research in all disciplines, and the relevant information (name of the committee, date and number) must be included on the first page of the article.
In addition, evidence of sensitivity to ethical issues in the data collection process (such as obtaining permission for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs belonging to others) must be presented in the study.
Special Issue Publishing Policy
Only one special issue can be published in a year in Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies. The topics to be covered in the special issues are determined by the Editorial Board to be the focal point of the current discussions. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review, then examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and checked for plagiarism. After these stages, it is taken into the evaluation process with the double-blind refereeing model. The "Evaluation and Publication Processes" of the journal are also valid for special issues. In special issues, a guest editor may also be assigned in relation to the theme area.
Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies treat all submitted articles as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about an article to anyone without the authors' permission. During the article review process, the following people have access to the articles: Editors, Referees, Editorial Board Members. The only situation in which details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.
Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
If the editors of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies are aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they are required to follow the guidelines of COPE regarding allegations. Referees may also notify the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct.
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies is committed to following the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct in the following or similar areas.
• What to do if re-publication is suspected
The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation of a published or early-looking study in case of suspicion of re-publication. Within the scope of the review, the relevant study is brought to the attention of the editorial board together with the allegations. If the editorial board concludes that it is a re-publication, the article is withdrawn by editorial decision.
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
If there is a suspicion of plagiarism in a published article or an article in its early stages, the editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation into the study. If the editorial board concludes that there is plagiarism, the article is withdrawn by editorial decision.
• What to do for author change requests
Author changes are only processed before the study is accepted. Authors should carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their study. It cannot be proposed to change the author responsibilities (such as adding an author, changing the author order, removing an author) of a study whose evaluation process has started.
• What to do if an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation into a published or early-stage study if there is a suspicion of an undisclosed conflict of interest. If the editorial board detects an undisclosed conflict of interest, the article is withdrawn by editorial decision on the grounds that it does not comply with ethical principles.
• What to do if unfair or gift authorship is suspected
It is unacceptable in terms of ethical principles to include the names of author(s) who do not contribute to the study (gift authorship) in multi-authored articles. In multi-authored studies, author roles (which author contributes to the study and how) should be clearly stated in the manuscript. The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation into a published or early-stage study if there is a suspicion of unfair or gift authorship. If the editorial board detects unfair or gift authorship, the name of the relevant author(s) is deleted from the article.
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation into a published or early-stage study if there is a suspicion of ethical violation. If the editorial board concludes that there is an ethical violation, the article is withdrawn by editorial decision. The owner of the claim regarding the result of the review is also returned via e-mail.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media
The editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies initiates an investigation into a published or early-stage study in case of a suspicion of ethical violation. If the editorial board concludes that there is an ethical violation, the article is withdrawn by editorial decision. The owner of the claim regarding the result of the investigation is also returned via social media.
Complaint Procedure
The editors of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies are obliged to carefully examine the complaints received from authors, reviewers or readers and respond to them in an enlightening and explanatory manner.
Complaints should be related to content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies or the editorial team. Complaints should be sent by e-mail to usad@selcuk.edu.tr and will be treated confidentially. The editor responds to complaints immediately. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that the complaint be forwarded to the editor-in-chief. Complaints are responded to within two weeks.
Objection Process
The author(s) reserves the right to object to the opinions of the editor and editorial board of Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies. The author(s) should send their objections to the opinions and comments made as a result of the evaluation of their study to selcukturkiyat@gmail.com / turkiyat@selcuk.edu.tr by e-mail, using scientific language and referring to their bases. The objections made are examined by the editor and the editorial board within one month at the latest (opinions may be requested about the objections made to the field editor and referees of the study) and a positive or negative return is provided to the author(s). If the objections of the author(s) are found to be positive as a result of the evaluation, the editorial board restarts the evaluation process by making new refereeing in accordance with the subject area of the study.
Conflicts of Interest
In the process of evaluating the submissions received from the editors or editorial board members in order to ensure impartial review in Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies; firstly, such submissions are directed to other journals, and if this is not possible, the assignment of the submitter in the journal is suspended. These submissions are evaluated in a double-blind review process.
Principles of Research Ethics
Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies adopts international research ethics principles by observing high standards in terms of research ethics. The compliance of the articles with ethical rules is the responsibility of the authors.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency must be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants must be fully informed about the purpose, methods and anticipated potential uses of the research; the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents must be ensured. The research must be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to the participants must be avoided. The research must be planned in a way that does not put the participants at risk.
• Research independence should be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest should be indicated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. The consent of the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a recognised mental illness must be obtained.
• If the study will be carried out in any institution or organisation, approval must be obtained from this institution or organisation that the study will be carried out.
• In studies with a human element, it must be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" was obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted.

No fee is charged for the evaluation processes and publication of the articles submitted to Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies. Articles accepted for publication are also free of charge. Our journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of our journal are covered by Selçuk University.