Shaping Language Pedagogy: The Impact of Linguistics, Psychology, and Sociology from the 1880s to the 1980s

Abstract

The time frame from the 1880s to the 1980s represents a crucial era where foundational ideas in linguistics, psychology, and sociology were established. Major developments in these fields such as the emergence of modern linguistics, establishment of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline, Durkheim’s concept of collective consciousness and societal nature of beliefs, two world wars, and geopolitical changes greatly influenced language teaching methodologies and theories during this time. The impact of these events resulted in changes within school systems, prompting ministries of education to take administrative measures. It also gave rise to the establishment of new organizations like the International Phonetic Association (IPA) and associations for language teachers. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the interconnectedness of linguistics, psychology, and sociology in molding language pedagogy during a crucial period in its historical development. The intersection of these disciplines sheds light on shaping language teaching methodologies and theories, offering insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers in the field of language education.

Keywords

• Language pedagogy
• Linguistics
• Psychology
• Sociology

Dil Eğitimini Şekillendirmek: 1880'lerden 1980'lere Dilbilim, Psikoloji ve Sosyolojinin Etkisi

Abstract

1880'lerden 1980'lere kadar olan zaman dilimi, dilbilim, psikoloji ve sosyoloji alanlarında temel kavramların oluşturulduğu kritik bir dönemi temsil eder. Modern dilbilimin ortaya çıkması, psikolojinin ayrı bir bilim disiplini olarak kurulması, Durkheim'ın kolektif bilincin ve inançların toplumsal doğasının kavramı gibi alanlardaki önemli gelişmeler, iki dünya savaşı ve jeopolitik değişimler, dil öğretim metodolojileri ve teorileri üzerinde büyük etkiler yaratmıştır. Bu olayların etkisi, okul sistemlerinde değişikliklere neden olmuş, eğitim bakanlıklarını idari önlemler almaya sevk etmiş ve Uluslararası Fonetik Derneği (IPA) gibi yeni organizasyonların ve dil öğretmenleri derneklerinin kurulmasına yol açmıştır. Bu araştırma, dilbilim, psikoloji ve sosyolojinin iç içe geçmişliğinin dil eğitimi pedagojisinin tarihsel gelişimi sırasında nasıl şekillendiğine dair nüanslı bir anlayış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu disiplinlerin kesişimi, dil eğitimi metodolojilerini ve teorilerini şekillendirmede ışık tutarak dil eğitimi alanında eğitimciler, araştırmacılar ve politika yapıcılar için iç görüler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Dil eğitimi
• Dilbilim
• Psikoloji
• Sosyoloji

References

1. Ausubel, D.P. (1967). Learning theory and classroom practice. Bulletin, No. 1. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
2. Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Allen and Unwin.
3. Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4). New York: Longman.
4. Chomsky, N. (1959). Review of verbal behavior by B.F. Skinner (New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1957). Language, 35, 26-58.
5. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
6. Chomsky, N. (1968). Language and mind. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
7. Gagne, R.M. (1977). The conditions of learning. Third edition. New York.
8. Halliday, M.A. K., McIntosh, A., & Strevens, P. (1964). The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longman.

9. Hornberger, N. H., & McKay, S. L. (Eds.). (2010). Sociolinguistics and language education. Multilingual Matters.
10. Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In Pride, J.B. & Holmes, J. (eds), Sociolinguistics: Selected readings (pp. 269–293). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
11. Kaufman, D. (2004). Constructivist issues in language learning and teaching. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24, 303-319.
12. Labov, W. (1970). The study of language in its social context. Studium Generale, 23, 30-87.
13. Labov, W. (1971). The study of language in its social context’ in Fishman (pp. 152-216).
14. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers. University of Michigan Press.
15. Lenneberg, E.H. (1967). Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley.
16. Malinowski, B. (1935). Coral gardens and their magic. London: Allen and Unwin.
17. McLaughlin, B. (1978). Second-language acquisition in childhood. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, and New York.
18. Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Osgood, C.E., & Sebeok, T.A. (eds.) 1954. Psycholinguistics: a survey of theory and research problems. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, Supplement.
20. Saussure, F. de (1966) (transl. Baskin, W.). Course in general linguistics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
21. Schmitt, N. (Ed.). (2013). An introduction to applied linguistics. Routledge.
22. Skinner, B.F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
23. Stern, H. (1983). Fundamental concepts of language teaching: Historical and interdisciplinary perspectives on applied linguistic research. Oxford University Press.
24. Worsley, P. (1970). Introducing sociology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.