Türkiyenin Bölgelerinde Girişimcilik ve Yaratıcı Yıkım

Abstract

Girişimcilik faaliyetlerindeki bölgesel farklılıklar, istihdam, inovasyon ve ekonomik kalkınma üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiştir. Ampirik veriler, yoğun yeni firma kuruluşu ile karakterize edilen bölgelerin, küçük işletme sektörlerinde daha yüksek istihdam seviyelerine sahip olma eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, 2010–2024 döneminde Türkiye’deki on iki NUTS 2 bölgesinde yeni işletme oluşumunun belirleyicilerini ve istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışma, çekme (Schumpeterci) ve itme (mülteci veya esnaf) etkilerini birbirinden ayırarak, Türkiye’de girişimciliğe girişin öncelikle fırsat temelli teşviklerden mi yoksa olumsuz işgücü piyasası koşullarından mı kaynaklandığını araştırmaktadır. İşgücü piyasası yaklaşımına dayalı korelasyon analizi ve regresyon modelleri kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular, bölgeler genelinde itme etkilerinin baskın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Korelasyon sonuçları t ve t+1 zamanlarında Schumpeterci dinamiklerin işaretlerini gösterirken, regresyon tahminleri, çalışma dönemi boyunca işsizlik kaynaklı girişimciliğin firma oluşum modellerini şekillendirmede daha önemli bir rol oynadığını doğrulamaktadır

Keywords

• girişimcilik
• yeni firm kuruluşu
• çekme/itme etkisi

Entrepreneurship and Creative Destruction in Turkish Regions

Abstract

Regional disparities in entrepreneurial activity have attracted research due to their implications for employment, innovation, and economic development. Empirical evidence suggests that regions characterized by intensive new firm formation tend to display higher employment levels within small business sectoral. This study examines the determinants and employment effects of new business formation across twelve NUTS 2 regions in Turkey over the period 2010–2024. Distinguishing pull (Schumpeterian) and push (refugee or shopkeeper) effects, the paper investigates whether entrepreneurial entry in Turkey is primarily driven by opportunity based incentives or by adverse labour market conditions. Using correlation analysis based on labour market approach and regression models, the findings reveal a prevailing dominance of push effects across regions. While correlation results indicate signs of Schumpeterian dynamics at time t and t+1, regression estimations confirm that unemployment induced entrepreneurship plays a more significant role in shaping firm formation patterns during the study period

Keywords

• Entrepremeurship
• firm entry
• push/pull effect

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