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SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 490 - 502, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Bir ülkenin sağlık sistemi hem iç kaynaklarının hem de dış çevre faktörlerinin etkisinde sağlık hizmetleri üreten bir mekanizmadır. Bu çalışmada sosyoekonomik faktörler dikkate alınarak Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Teşkilatı (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-OECD) üye ülkelerinin sağlık çıktıları üretimi teknik etkinliği analiz edilmiştir. Ülkelerin 2017 yılı sağlık hizmeti üretimine ilişkin etkinlikleri Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yönteminin ölçeğe göre değişken getiri varsayımı altında, çıktı odaklı modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı sağlık çıktılarını sabit tutmak ya da girdileri minimize etmek değil, sağlık kazanımlarını maksimize etmek olduğundan çıktı odaklı model uygun görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, 29 ülke girdilerini çıktıları üretmekte etkin şekilde kullanmaktadır. Başka bir deyişle bu ülkelerin girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerinde fazlalık ya da azlık olmamaktadır. 7 ülke ise göreli olarak etkin bulunmamıştır. Etkin olmayan ülkelerin etkin birimler olabilmeleri için girdi ve çıktılarına ilişkin gelişme oranları sunulmuştur. Ayrıca etkin olmayan ülkelerin etkin olmaları için hangi ülkeleri referans almaları gerektiği önerilmiştir.

References

  • Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. & Cooper, W.W. (1984).Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30, 1078-1092.
  • Barro, R. J. & Lee. J. W. (1993). International Comparisons of Educational Attainment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32: 363-94.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring The Efficiency Of Decision-Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 98: 408-418.
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L.M.., Zhu, J. (2011). Handbook on Data envelpment analysis. Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L.M.., Zhu, J., (Eds.). International Series in Operatioans research & Management Science. Newyork: Springer.
  • Cooper, W.W., Seiford, L.M. ve Tone, K. (2000), Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-Solver Software, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Daly, M. C., Duncan, G.J. , Kaplan, G. A. & Lynch, J. W. (1998). Macro-to-Micro Links in the Relation Between Income Inequality and Mortality. Milbank Quarterly ,76: 315-39.
  • Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V.V., Sarrico, C. S. & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132, 245–59.
  • Gökgöz, F. (2009). Veri Zarflama Analizi ve Finans Alanına Uygulanması, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:597,17.
  • Hollingsworth, B. & Wildman, J. (2003). The efficiency of health production: re-estimating the WHO panel data using parametric and non-parametric approaches to provide additional information. Health Economics, 12, 493–504.
  • Kaplan G.A., Pamuk E.R., Lynch J.W., Cohen R.D. & Balfour J.L., (1996). Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways. British Medical Journal. 312:999-1003.
  • Kawachi I., Kennedy B.P., Lochner, K. & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health. 87:1491-1498.
  • Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. (1997a). The Relationship of Income Inequality to Mortality: Does the Choice of Indicator Matter? Social Science &Medicine. 45: 1121-2.
  • Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I., Glass, R., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1998). Income Distribution, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health: A U.S. Multi-Level Analysis. British Medical Journal. 317: 917-21.
  • Kocaman, M.A., Mutlu, M.E., Bayraktar, D. ve Araz, Ö.M. (2011). OECD Ülkelerinin Sağlık Sistemlerinin Etkinlik Analizi. İTÜ Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi. 23 (4), 14-31.
  • Lewis, H.F. & Sexton, T.R. (2004). Data envelopment analysis with reverse inputs and outputs. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 21,113-132.
  • Lynch, J. & Kaplan, G. (2000). Socioeconomic position. in Kawachi, Ichiro (Eds) L. Berkman & I. Kawachi, Oxford University Press, New York. 391.
  • Macintyre, S., Maciver, S.& Sooman, A. (1993). Area, class and health: should we be focusing on places or people? Journal of Social Policy, 22, 213–34.
  • Navarro, V. (2000). Assessment of the World Health Report 2000. The Lancet, 356, 1598-1601.
  • Or, Z. (2000). Determinants Of Health Outcomes In Industrialised Countries: A Pooled, Cross-Country, Time-Series Analysis. OECD Economic Studies,30.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development*OECD (2020), Health Data Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx#.
  • Räty T. & Luoma K. (2005). Nonparametric Country Rankings Using İndicators and OECD Health Data. Valtion Taloudellinen Tutkimuskeskus. 74,1–19.
  • Retzlaff-Roberts, D., Chang, C. & Rubin, R. (2004). Technical efficiency in the use of health care resources: a comparison of OECD countries. Health Policy, 69, 55–72.
  • Spinks, J. & Hollingsworth, B. (2005). Health production and the socioeconomic determinants of health in OECD countries: the use of efficiency models. Centre for Health Economics, Monash University.
  • Spinks, J. & Hollingsworth, B. (2009). Cross-Country Comparisons Of Technical Efficiency Of Health Production: A Demonstration Of Pitfalls. Applied Economics, 41, 417–427.
  • Turrell, G. & Mathers, C. (2000). Socioeconomic status and health in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 172, 434–38.
  • United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization*UNESCO (2020). Education Statistics, The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Retrieved May 03, 2020, http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index. aspx?queryid=242.
  • Wilkinson, R.G. (1996). Unhealthy societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. London and Newyork: Routledge: Taylor&Francis Group. Yıldırım, H.H. (2004). “Avrupa Birliği Sağlık Politikaları ve Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye ve Aday Ülke Sağlık Sistemlerinin Karsılaştırmalı Teknik Verimlilik Analizi”. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi ABD, Ankara.

OECD COUNTRIES COMPARISON OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE USE OF HEALTHCARE RESOURCES

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 490 - 502, 30.12.2020

Abstract

The health system of a country is a mechanism that produces health services under the influence of both internal resources and external environmental factors. In this study, the technical efficiency Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries in the production of health outcomes were analyzed by considering the socioeconomic factors. The efficiencies of the countries regarding healthcare production in 2017 were analyzed with the output-oriented model of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, under the assumption of variable returns to scale (VRS). Purpose of the study is not to keep health outcomes constant or to minimize inputs, but to maximize health outcomes, the output-oriented model has been found appropriate. According to the analysis results, 29 countries is using its inputs efficiently to produce outputs. In other words, there is no excess or scarcity in input and output variables of these countries.7 countries were not found to be relatively efficient. Development rates regarding inputs and outputs of inefficient countries to become efficient units are presented. In addition, it has been suggested which countries should take reference for inefficient countries to be efficient.

References

  • Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. & Cooper, W.W. (1984).Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30, 1078-1092.
  • Barro, R. J. & Lee. J. W. (1993). International Comparisons of Educational Attainment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32: 363-94.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring The Efficiency Of Decision-Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 98: 408-418.
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L.M.., Zhu, J. (2011). Handbook on Data envelpment analysis. Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L.M.., Zhu, J., (Eds.). International Series in Operatioans research & Management Science. Newyork: Springer.
  • Cooper, W.W., Seiford, L.M. ve Tone, K. (2000), Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-Solver Software, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Daly, M. C., Duncan, G.J. , Kaplan, G. A. & Lynch, J. W. (1998). Macro-to-Micro Links in the Relation Between Income Inequality and Mortality. Milbank Quarterly ,76: 315-39.
  • Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V.V., Sarrico, C. S. & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132, 245–59.
  • Gökgöz, F. (2009). Veri Zarflama Analizi ve Finans Alanına Uygulanması, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:597,17.
  • Hollingsworth, B. & Wildman, J. (2003). The efficiency of health production: re-estimating the WHO panel data using parametric and non-parametric approaches to provide additional information. Health Economics, 12, 493–504.
  • Kaplan G.A., Pamuk E.R., Lynch J.W., Cohen R.D. & Balfour J.L., (1996). Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways. British Medical Journal. 312:999-1003.
  • Kawachi I., Kennedy B.P., Lochner, K. & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health. 87:1491-1498.
  • Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. (1997a). The Relationship of Income Inequality to Mortality: Does the Choice of Indicator Matter? Social Science &Medicine. 45: 1121-2.
  • Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I., Glass, R., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1998). Income Distribution, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health: A U.S. Multi-Level Analysis. British Medical Journal. 317: 917-21.
  • Kocaman, M.A., Mutlu, M.E., Bayraktar, D. ve Araz, Ö.M. (2011). OECD Ülkelerinin Sağlık Sistemlerinin Etkinlik Analizi. İTÜ Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi. 23 (4), 14-31.
  • Lewis, H.F. & Sexton, T.R. (2004). Data envelopment analysis with reverse inputs and outputs. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 21,113-132.
  • Lynch, J. & Kaplan, G. (2000). Socioeconomic position. in Kawachi, Ichiro (Eds) L. Berkman & I. Kawachi, Oxford University Press, New York. 391.
  • Macintyre, S., Maciver, S.& Sooman, A. (1993). Area, class and health: should we be focusing on places or people? Journal of Social Policy, 22, 213–34.
  • Navarro, V. (2000). Assessment of the World Health Report 2000. The Lancet, 356, 1598-1601.
  • Or, Z. (2000). Determinants Of Health Outcomes In Industrialised Countries: A Pooled, Cross-Country, Time-Series Analysis. OECD Economic Studies,30.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development*OECD (2020), Health Data Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx#.
  • Räty T. & Luoma K. (2005). Nonparametric Country Rankings Using İndicators and OECD Health Data. Valtion Taloudellinen Tutkimuskeskus. 74,1–19.
  • Retzlaff-Roberts, D., Chang, C. & Rubin, R. (2004). Technical efficiency in the use of health care resources: a comparison of OECD countries. Health Policy, 69, 55–72.
  • Spinks, J. & Hollingsworth, B. (2005). Health production and the socioeconomic determinants of health in OECD countries: the use of efficiency models. Centre for Health Economics, Monash University.
  • Spinks, J. & Hollingsworth, B. (2009). Cross-Country Comparisons Of Technical Efficiency Of Health Production: A Demonstration Of Pitfalls. Applied Economics, 41, 417–427.
  • Turrell, G. & Mathers, C. (2000). Socioeconomic status and health in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 172, 434–38.
  • United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization*UNESCO (2020). Education Statistics, The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Retrieved May 03, 2020, http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index. aspx?queryid=242.
  • Wilkinson, R.G. (1996). Unhealthy societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. London and Newyork: Routledge: Taylor&Francis Group. Yıldırım, H.H. (2004). “Avrupa Birliği Sağlık Politikaları ve Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye ve Aday Ülke Sağlık Sistemlerinin Karsılaştırmalı Teknik Verimlilik Analizi”. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi ABD, Ankara.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eda Koçak This is me 0000-0001-7094-2587

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Acceptance Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Koçak, E. (2020). SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(3), 490-502.
AMA Koçak E. SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. USAYSAD. December 2020;6(3):490-502.
Chicago Koçak, Eda. “SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 6, no. 3 (December 2020): 490-502.
EndNote Koçak E (December 1, 2020) SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 6 3 490–502.
IEEE E. Koçak, “SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI”, USAYSAD, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 490–502, 2020.
ISNAD Koçak, Eda. “SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 6/3 (December 2020), 490-502.
JAMA Koçak E. SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. USAYSAD. 2020;6:490–502.
MLA Koçak, Eda. “SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2020, pp. 490-02.
Vancouver Koçak E. SAĞLIK HİZMETİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINDA TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN OECD ÜLKELERİ ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. USAYSAD. 2020;6(3):490-502.