Ergogenic Supplements: A Special Group "Master Athletes"

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 104 - 121, 30.06.2021

Gökhan Çelik , Hatice Merve Bayram , Arda Ozturkcan

Öz

In recent years, the number of elderly people who do sports for competition, as well as healthy life, has started to increase. This group is defined as master athletes; they are generally healthy people aged> 40 years who train regularly throughout their lives and try to maintain their performance level as long as possible. The interest in nutrition among athletes is increasing day by day. Maximum efficiency during exercise depends on dietary factors; ergogenic supplements are frequently used with the idea that they will help to achieve the targeted performance faster, increase strength and endurance and help recovery after exercise by reducing the risk of injury. This review aims to evaluate the effects of ergogenic supplements on exercise performance in master athletes. In total 60 articles were included in this literature review, 19 of which included international research articles on this subject. The review showed that studies are very limited, and that creatine was the most studied ergogenic supplement. Although it is the most studied ergogenic supplement, there were studies showing the side effects of creatine supplementation in master athletes. In addition, studies have been found on citrulline malate, beta-alanine, protein, beta hydroxy beta methyl butyrate, vitamin-mineral and omega-3 supplements; although the results conclude that ergogenic supplements may improve exercise performance in master athletes, the results were conflicting. Additionally, there are also ergogenic supplements that have never been studied on master athletes but are widely used among young athletes. Therefore, more studies are needed to enlighten this subject in master athletes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Master athletes, ergogenic supplement, sport nutrition, athletes performance, nutritional supplement

Ergojenik Destekler: Özel Bir Grup "Veteran Sporcular"

Öz

Son yıllarda, yaşlı bireylerde sporu sağlıklı yaşam için yapmanın yanı sıra, müsabaka düzeyinde yapanların sayısı artış göstermeye başlamıştır. Veteran sporcular olarak tanımlanan bu grup; genel olarak >40 yaş olup, yaşamları boyunca düzenli olarak antrenman yapan ve performans seviyelerini olabildiğince uzun süre korumaya çalışan sağlıklı kişilerdir. Sporcularda beslenmeye olan ilgi gün geçtikçe artış göstermektedir. Egzersiz sırasında maksimum verimin alınması diyet faktörlerine bağlı olup; hedeflenen performansa daha hızlı ulaşılması, güç ve dayanıklılığı artırması ve yaralanma riskini azaltarak egzersiz sonrası toparlanmaya yardımcı olacağı düşüncesi ile ergojenik destekler sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı veteran sporcularda ergojenik desteklerin egzersiz performansı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Yapılan literatür taraması sonunda 60 makale derlemeye dahil edilmiş olup, bunların 19 tanesi bu konuda yapılan uluslararası araştırma makalelerini içermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı olup, kreatin en çok çalışılan ergojenik destek ürünüdür. En çok çalışılan ergojenik destek ürünü olmasına rağmen kreatin takviyesinin veteran sporcularda yan etkilerini gösterilen çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bunun yanı sıra sitrülin malat, beta alanin, protein, beta hidroksi beta metil bütirat, vitamin-mineral ile omega-3 takviyeleri ile ilgili de çalışmalara rastlanmış olup; çalışma sonuçları ergojenik desteklerin veteran sporcularda egzersiz performansını geliştirici etki gösterebilecekleri sonucuna varsa da çelişkili sonuçlarda mevcuttur. Ayrıca veteran sporcular üzerinde hiç çalışma yapılmamış ama genç sporcular arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan ergojenik destekler de mevcuttur. Bu nedenle veteran sporcularda bu konunun aydınlatılabilmesi adına daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Veteran sporcular, ergojenik destek, sporcu beslenmesi, sporcu performansı, besin desteği

Kaynakça

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