Sleep Habits and Their Relation with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Child and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

It has been known that sleep problems are more commonly seen in children with psychiatric disorders than typically developed children. In our study, our aim was to investigate sleep habits and problems in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who have high or low Sluggish Cognitivte Tempo (SCT) symptoms. In this study, 47 child and adolescents were involved between ages 8-17. In this population, 14 cases were diagnosed as ADHD+High SCT; 33 cases were diagnosed as ADHD+low SCT. All participants were assessed with Kidde Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Afterwards, parents were requested to fill Tugay ADHD Assessment Scale, Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) and Child Sleep Habit Questionarrie (CSHQ). In this study, there was no significant difference in subscales and total scores of CSHQ between high and low SCT groups (p>0.05). When CSHQ scores were compared between ADHD subtypes, it has been seen that bedtime resistence (p=0.01), parasomnias (p=0.002), sleep disordered breathing (p<0.0001) and total score (p=0.04) were significantly different and were higher in hyperactivity. Sleep duration (p=0.04) subscale score was higher in inattention. Lack of adequate sleep duration, decrease of oxygen saturation and other factors related to sleep disordered breathing may be related to conduct problem or hyperactivity symptoms in children with ADHD.

Keywords

• Attention deficit
• sleep
• sluggish cognitive tempo
• children
• adolescents

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Uyku Alışkanlıkları ve Yavaş Bilişsel Tempo Belirtileri ile İlişkisi

Abstract

Psikiyatrik bozukluk tanısı alan çocuklarda, normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara oranla daha fazla uyku problemi görüldüğü bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, Yavaş b􀵴l􀵴şsel tempo (YBT) bel􀵴rt􀵴ler􀵴n􀵴n yüksek ve düşük düzeyde olduğu d􀵴kkat eks􀵴kl􀵴ğ􀵴 h􀵴perakt􀵴v􀵴te bozukluğu tanısı almış çocuk ve ergenlerde uyku sorunları ve uyku alışkanlıklarını 􀵴ncelemekt􀵴r. Çalışmamıza 8-17 yaş arasında DEHB tanısı olan 47 çocuk ve ergen dahil edilmiştir. Genel örneklemde 14 olgu DEHB+Yüksek YBT belirtileri gösteren; 33 olgu ise DEHB+Düşük YBT belirtileri gösteren olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Okul Çağı Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi- Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli (ÇDŞG–ŞY–T) ile yapılan değerlendirme sonrasında tüm olguların ebeveynlerinden Turgay Dikkat Eksikliği ve Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları için DSM-IV’e Dayalı Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği (DEYDB DSM-IV), Barkley Çocuk Dikkat Anketi (BÇDA), Çocuk Uyku Alışkanlıkları Anketini (ÇUAA) doldurmaları istenmiştir. Yüksek ve düşük YBT belirti gösteren gruplar ÇUAA ile karşılaştırılmış, hiçbir alt ölçekte veya toplam puanda anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0.05).DEHB alt görünümleri ÇUAA alt ölçekleri ve toplam puan açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda yatma zamanı direnci (p=0.01), uyku süresi (p=0.04), parasomnialar (p=0.002), uykuda solunum bozulması (p<0.0001) ve toplam puanın (p=0.04) gruplar arasında farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yatma zamanı direnci, parasomnialar, uykuda solunum bozulması ve toplam puan hiperaktivite baskın görünümde diğer görünümlere göre yüksek iken uyku süresi dikkatsizlik baskın görünümde daha fazla bulunmuştur. Uyku yoksunluğu, yetersiz oksijen satürasyonu ve uykuda solunum bozulması ile ilişkili diğer birçok fizyolojik değişikliğin gün içerisindeki davranış bozuklukları ve hiperaktivite semptomlarına neden olabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Keywords

• Dikkat eksikliği
• uyku
• yavaş bilişsel tempo
• çocuk
• ergen

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