Research Article

A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain

Volume: 51 Number: 2 August 28, 2025
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A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain

Abstract

This study presents a quantitative MRI-based method to improve the objectivity and diagnostic accuracy of grading calf muscle strains. Ninety-six patients with MRI-confirmed medial gastrocnemius injuries who underwent bilateral lower leg MRI between January 2018 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Injuries were graded using the Dai classification (Grades I–III). Axial T2-weighted SPAIR images were used to measure the medial gastrocnemius cross-sectional area (CSA) at the distal one-third between the knee joint and the musculotendinous junction. The Gastrocnemius Medial Head Ratio (GCM ratio) was calculated by dividing the CSA of the injured side by that of the uninjured side. Two experienced radiologists independently performed the measurements twice. Intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. A one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction was used for group comparisons. ROC analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of the GCM ratio. The GCM ratio significantly differed among Grade I (1.03 ± 0.02), Grade II (1.18 ± 0.06), and Grade III (1.35 ± 0.05) injuries (p < 0.001). Ipsilateral CSA increased with injury severity, whereas contralateral CSA remained consistent. CSA measurements showed excellent intra- and interobserver reliability (ICC > 0.87), and lesion grading demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.75–0.88). ROC analysis revealed strong diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.986 for Grade I vs. II; AUC = 1.000 for Grade II vs. III). The GCM ratio provides a reproducible and objective MRI marker to aid in grading gastrocnemius strains, offering excellent diagnostic performance and clinical applicability.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval: The Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol (2024/ 15-18)

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Orthopaedics, Radiology and Organ Imaging

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 28, 2025

Submission Date

June 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 20, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 51 Number: 2

APA
Kiliç, K. K., Kahvecioglu, N., Yüncü, M., Ertan, M. B., & Köse, Ö. (2025). A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 51(2), 263-269. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1711705
AMA
1.Kiliç KK, Kahvecioglu N, Yüncü M, Ertan MB, Köse Ö. A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51(2):263-269. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1711705
Chicago
Kiliç, Koray Kaya, Nevfel Kahvecioglu, Murat Yüncü, Mehmet Barış Ertan, and Özkan Köse. 2025. “A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 (2): 263-69. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1711705.
EndNote
Kiliç KK, Kahvecioglu N, Yüncü M, Ertan MB, Köse Ö (August 1, 2025) A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 2 263–269.
IEEE
[1]K. K. Kiliç, N. Kahvecioglu, M. Yüncü, M. B. Ertan, and Ö. Köse, “A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain”, Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 263–269, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.1711705.
ISNAD
Kiliç, Koray Kaya - Kahvecioglu, Nevfel - Yüncü, Murat - Ertan, Mehmet Barış - Köse, Özkan. “A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51/2 (August 1, 2025): 263-269. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1711705.
JAMA
1.Kiliç KK, Kahvecioglu N, Yüncü M, Ertan MB, Köse Ö. A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51:263–269.
MLA
Kiliç, Koray Kaya, et al. “A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 2, Aug. 2025, pp. 263-9, doi:10.32708/uutfd.1711705.
Vancouver
1.Koray Kaya Kiliç, Nevfel Kahvecioglu, Murat Yüncü, Mehmet Barış Ertan, Özkan Köse. A Novel Quantitative Index for Objective MRI Grading of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strain. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025 Aug. 1;51(2):263-9. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1711705

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

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