Research Article

Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher

Volume: 51 Number: 3 December 8, 2025
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Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher

Abstract

A significantly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR ≥100 mm/h) is often linked to serious conditions, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. However, because ESR is a nonspecific marker, it can be challenging to prioritize patients for cancer investigations. While conditions like multiple myeloma can be identified through specific tests, there are no equally definitive markers for other malignancies. This study examined whether routine laboratory parameters could enhance diagnostic value. We retrospectively analyzed 124 adult patients with an ESR ≥100 mm/h admitted to Bursa Uludağ University Internal Medicine Clinic from January 2020 to April 2024. After excluding those with incomplete laboratory data, undiagnosed cases, and plasma cell dyscrasias, 46 patients remained in the final cohort. In our analysis, we found that hemoglobin, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significant predictors of malignancy in univariate analyses. We developed the HALD score, calculated as (Hemoglobin (g/dL) × Albumin (g/L) / LDH (U/L), which demonstrated good diagnostic performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.749 (95% CI: 0.567–0.932). An optimal cut-off value of 1.45 resulted in a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 84%. These results suggest that combining inexpensive and readily available laboratory parameters into a scoring system can help identify patients with high ESR who should be prioritized for further evaluation of malignancy.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

​Internal Diseases

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 8, 2025

Submission Date

September 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 51 Number: 3

APA
Öztop, H., Ada Atak, N. G., Sevinç Kahraman, C., Demircan, C., & Hunutlu, F. C. (2025). Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 51(3), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1779393
AMA
1.Öztop H, Ada Atak NG, Sevinç Kahraman C, Demircan C, Hunutlu FC. Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51(3):489-495. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1779393
Chicago
Öztop, Hikmet, Nevriye Gül Ada Atak, Ceren Sevinç Kahraman, Celaleddin Demircan, and Fazıl Cagrı Hunutlu. 2025. “Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients With an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 Mm H or Higher”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 (3): 489-95. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1779393.
EndNote
Öztop H, Ada Atak NG, Sevinç Kahraman C, Demircan C, Hunutlu FC (December 1, 2025) Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 3 489–495.
IEEE
[1]H. Öztop, N. G. Ada Atak, C. Sevinç Kahraman, C. Demircan, and F. C. Hunutlu, “Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher”, Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 489–495, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.1779393.
ISNAD
Öztop, Hikmet - Ada Atak, Nevriye Gül - Sevinç Kahraman, Ceren - Demircan, Celaleddin - Hunutlu, Fazıl Cagrı. “Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients With an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 Mm H or Higher”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51/3 (December 1, 2025): 489-495. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1779393.
JAMA
1.Öztop H, Ada Atak NG, Sevinç Kahraman C, Demircan C, Hunutlu FC. Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51:489–495.
MLA
Öztop, Hikmet, et al. “Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients With an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 Mm H or Higher”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 489-95, doi:10.32708/uutfd.1779393.
Vancouver
1.Hikmet Öztop, Nevriye Gül Ada Atak, Ceren Sevinç Kahraman, Celaleddin Demircan, Fazıl Cagrı Hunutlu. Evaluating a Laboratory-Based Score for Predicting Malignancy in Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 100 mm/h or Higher. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025 Dec. 1;51(3):489-95. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1779393

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