Sudan’da İngiltere-Mısır İdaresi Altında Kondominyum’un Tesisi ve 1924 Krizi

Abstract

Sudan’da Mehdiye Döneminin sona ermesiyle İngiltere ve Mısır arasında yapılan 1899 Condominium Antlaşması’nın taraflara verdiği nüfuz alanları Sudan’ın yakın dönem tarihinin şekillenmesinde oldukça önemli olmuştur. Sudan’da görülen ortak idare biçimi, sadece bir kara parçasını, farklı politik deneyimlere sahip olmalarına rağmen, iki farklı güç tarafından idare edilme tarzını değil aynı zamanda bir bölge üzerindeki egemenlik mücadelesini de göstermesi bakımından günümüzde farklı alanlardaki çalışmalara eşsiz bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Wingate Dönemi Sudan’ında (1899-1916) İngiliz otoritelerinin ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda izlediği politikalar, idari ve altyapısal alanlarda hızlı bir gelişmenin görülmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Şüphesiz, bu durum İngiltere’nin bölge üzerindeki nüfuzunu daha da arttırmıştır. Bu makale, döneme ilişkin resmi kayıtların ışığında 1899 Condominium antlaşması da dâhil İngiltere’nin Sudan’da daha etkin olduğu döneme ve sonraki yıllarda Sudan’ın bağımsızlığına kapı aralayan 1924 Krizine odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Sudan
• Mısır Kondominyum
• Kolonizasyon
• Milliyetçilik
• R. Wingate

Establishment of Condominium under Anglo-Egyptian Administration and the Crisis of 1924 in Sudan

Abstract

The zones of influence granted to Britain and Egypt by the Condominium Agreement signed by the parties in 1899 upon the end of Mahdia Period in Sudan played crucial role in shaping Sudan’s modern history. The joint regimen performed in Sudan presents a quintessential specimen to the present studies on various domains in terms of exemplifying not only the administration of a land by two different forces with distinctive political experiences, but also the sovereignty struggle over the land. In Sudan during Wingate Period (1899-1916), the policies British authorities followed in economic and social realms gave way to a rapid growth with respect to administration and infrastructure. Beyond doubt, this state augmented the influence Britain posed on the territory. This article focuses on the period during which Britain was more influential in Sudan involving the Condominium Agreement of 1899 and the period of the Crisis of 1924, which helped crack the door open for the independence of Sudan, as shed light by the official documents regarding the period.

Keywords

• Sudan
• Egypt
• Condominium
• Colonization
• Nationalism
• R. Wingate

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