TR
EN
Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922)
Abstract
Although the Ottoman Empire experienced a chronological delay in transitioning to permanent diplomacy, it established an embassy in Madrid, as it did in various other European cities, to improve its relations with European states and to closely monitor continental politics. This study aims to analyze the activities of the Madrid Embassy, which operated between 1857 and 1922, and its strategic role in nineteenth-century Ottoman diplomacy. The research is of paramount importance as it demonstrates the embassy's function in monitoring global political crises, managing searches for alliances, and shaping the diplomatic reflexes of the Ottoman Empire, particularly regarding the Bulgarian, Moroccan, and Egyptian questions. The data, obtained through the content analysis method, were structured in light of primary archival documents, embassy reports, and supporting secondary sources belonging to the second half of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century. In line with the findings, it is concluded that the timely reports submitted to the center by the Madrid Embassy by feeling the pulse of European diplomacy served as a vital communication bridge for the state to develop rapid and rational policies against international crises, thereby contributing to the proactive and dynamic character of Ottoman foreign policy.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Late Modern Ottoman History
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
September 30, 2026
Submission Date
June 19, 2026
Acceptance Date
September 25, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 2
APA
Sağlam Cebesoy, T., & Polatcı Demirkol, T. (2026). Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922). Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 1868-1899. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449
AMA
1.Sağlam Cebesoy T, Polatcı Demirkol T. Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922). VAKANUVIS. 2026;11(2):1868-1899. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449
Chicago
Sağlam Cebesoy, Tuğba, and Türkan Polatcı Demirkol. 2026. “Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922)”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2): 1868-99. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449.
EndNote
Sağlam Cebesoy T, Polatcı Demirkol T (September 1, 2026) Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922). Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 2 1868–1899.
IEEE
[1]T. Sağlam Cebesoy and T. Polatcı Demirkol, “Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922)”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1868–1899, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449.
ISNAD
Sağlam Cebesoy, Tuğba - Polatcı Demirkol, Türkan. “Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922)”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/2 (September 1, 2026): 1868-1899. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449.
JAMA
1.Sağlam Cebesoy T, Polatcı Demirkol T. Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922). VAKANUVIS. 2026;11:1868–1899.
MLA
Sağlam Cebesoy, Tuğba, and Türkan Polatcı Demirkol. “Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922)”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 1868-99, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449.
Vancouver
1.Tuğba Sağlam Cebesoy, Türkan Polatcı Demirkol. Institutional Development and Political Activities of the Permanent Ottoman Embassy in Madrid (1857–1922). VAKANUVIS. 2026 Sep. 1;11(2):1868-99. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1974449