Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Tarihinde 1818-1858 Soykırımı Seminole Kabileleri

Year 2020, , 611 - 684, 30.09.2020

Haydar Çoruh

https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.781730

Abstract

Amerika’nın Florida Eyaleti’nde 1817-1858 yılları arasında Seminole Kabilesi ile ABD’liler arasında üç ayrı savaş yapılmıştır. Bu savaşların ilki 1818 yılında Seminole Kabilesi’ni asimilasyonu amacıyla başlatılmıştır. Savaştan sonra imzalanan 1823 Moultrie Creek Antlaşması ile ABD, Seminoleler ile akrabaları Creeklerin yollarını ayırmanın yanısıra, kendilerine sığınmış köleleri de geri göndermeyi kabule zorlanmıştır. 1830’da imza edilen Yerlileri Kaldırma Yasası (Indian Removal Act) ise Seminole Kabilesi’ni yer değiştirmeye zorlamak için kullanılmıştır. Bu yasa ile Florida’daki bütün yerliler Mississipi Nehri'nin batısındaki Oklahoma’ya taşınmaya mecbur edilmiştir. Bunun üzerine İkinci Seminole Savaşı (1835-1842) yaşanmıştır. Bu savaşta 100'den fazla Amerikan askeri yok edilmiştir. Savaş 1842 yılında sona ermekle beraber Seminolelerin çoğu ya öldürülmüş ya da esir alınarak batıdaki yerli topraklarına gönderilmiştir. Yerlilerden sadece birkaç yüz kişi güney Florida'daki Everglades'e sığınabilmiştir.
İşgalci ABD, Filorida’yı 3 Mart 1845'te 27. devlet olarak birliğe katmıştır. Bu ilhak Üçüncü Seminole Savaşı (1855-1858)’nı başlatmıştır. Üstün ABD ordusu, ilkel koşullarda ve gerilla savaşına yönelen yerlileri tamamen yok etmiştir.
1818’de başlayan ve 1858 yılında biten Seminole Savaşları ABD’nin kanlı yüzünü gösteren eşitsizler savaşı olarak da anılmaktadır. Büyük bir soykırımın yaşandığı bu savaşlarda teknoloji ile çaresizlik karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Ancak ABD bu savaşları sanki eşitler arasında yapılmış gibi göstererek kendi kahramanlarını yüceltmenin yollarını aramaktadır.

Keywords

Amerika,, ABD,, Seminole,, Kızılderili,, Florida,, Sömürge

1818-1858 Genocide in the History of the United States Semınole Trıbes

Abstract

Three separate wars were fought between the Seminole Tribe and the Americans between 1817-1858 in the Florida State of America. The first of these wars was started in 1818 for the assimilation of the Seminole Tribe. With the Moultrie Creek Treaty of 1823, signed after the war, the US was forced to divide the Seminoles and their relatives, the Creek, as well as return the slaves who took refuge in them. The Indian Removal Act, signed in 1830, was used to force the Seminole Tribe to relocate. With this law, all natives of Florida were forced to move to Oklahoma, west of the Mississippi River. Thereupon, the Second Seminole War (1835-1842) took place. More than 100 American soldiers were destroyed in this war. Although the war ended in 1842, most of the Seminoles were either killed or captured and sent to their native lands in the west. Only a few hundred locals have made refuge in the Everglades in southern Florida.
The occupying USA joined Filorida as the 27th state on March 3, 1845. This annexation started the Third Seminole War (1855-1858). The superior US military completely destroyed the indigenous peoples who went to guerrilla war in primitive conditions.
The Seminole Wars, which started in 1818 and ended in 1858, are also known as the war of inequalities, showing the bloody face of the USA. Technology and despair faced in these wars where a great genocide took place. However, the USA is looking for ways to glorify its own heroes by showing these wars as if they were fought between equals.

Keywords

America,, USA,, Seminole,, Native American,, Florida,, Colonial

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