Monosodyum Glutamatın İndüklediği Metabolik Değişiklikler Üzerine Kekik Yaprağının Koruyucu Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 92 - 100, 30.08.2025

Zeynep Bozkoyun Dusak , Nurhayat Atasoy , Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu , Ufuk Mercan Yücel

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1625894

Öz

Monosodyum glutamat (MSG) yaygın olarak gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmakla birlikte eksitoksinlerin metabolik bozuklukların gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynayabileceği yönünde giderek artan bir endişe vardır. Bu nedenle MSG üzerine yapılan araştırmalar her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kekik bitkisinin MSG kaynaklı metabolik sendroma karşı koruyucu etkisi araştırıldı.
Wistar-Albino ratlardan otuz iki adet ve her grupta sekiz rat olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı: kontrol grubu, kekik grubu (250 mg/kg), MSG grubu (2 g/kg) ve MSG+kekik grubu. 28 günlük deneyin sonunda ratlar sakrifiye edildi ve kanları alındı. Kanlar santrifüj edilerek serumu ayrıldı. AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glukoz, insülin, üre, kreatin, toplam protein ve albümin seviyeleri Van YYU Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya laboratuvarında ticari Abbott marka kitler kullanılarak ölçüldü.
MSG grubunda serum glukoz düzeyi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak artmıştır. MSG+kekik grubunun serum glukoz düzeyi MSG grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azalmıştır. MSG grubunun serum AST ve ALT düzeylerinde az da olsa bir yükselme olmuştur.
Sonuç olarak yapılan MSG uygulaması serum glukoz düzeyini arttırarak karbonhidrat metabolizmasına zarar vermiş olabileceği kanısına varıldı. Araştırmamızda kekik bitkisinin bu etkiyi azaltabileceği gözlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

glukoz , insülin , monosodyum glutamat , rat

Etik Beyan

Van YYÜ Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu’nun 02.05.2019 tarih ve 2019/04 sayılı kararı ile kabul edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Van YYÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığı

Proje Numarası

FYL-2018-7032 No’lu proje

Teşekkür

Desteklerinden ötürü Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi' neteşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of the Protective Effect of Thyme Leave on Metabolic Changes Induced by Monosodium Glutamate

Öz

Although monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a food additive, there is growing concern that excitoxins may play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders. For this reason, research on MSG is increasing day by day. In this study, the protective effect of thyme plant against MSG-induced metabolic syndrome was investigated.
Thirty-two Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each group: control group, thyme group (250 mg/kg), MSG group (2 g/kg) and MSG+thyme group. At the end of the 28-day experiment, the rats were sacrificed and their blood was taken. The blood was centrifuged and the serum was separated. AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glucose, insulin, urea, creatine, total protein and albumin levels were measured using commercial Abbott brand kits in the Biochemistry laboratory of Van YYU Faculty of Medicine.
Serum glucose level increased significantly in the MSG group compared to the control group. Serum glucose level of the MSG+thyme group decreased significantly compared to the MSG group. There was a slight increase in serum AST and ALT levels of the MSG group.
As a result, it was concluded that MSG application may have damaged carbohydrate metabolism by increasing serum glucose level. In our research, it was observed that thyme herb could reduce this effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

glucose , insulin , monosodium glutamate , rat

Proje Numarası

FYL-2018-7032 No’lu proje

Kaynakça

• Abass AM, Abd El-Haleem R. (2011). Evaluation of monosodium glutamate ınduced neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Journal of American Science, 7 (8): 264-27.
• Akanya HO, Peter S, Ossamulu IF, Oibiokpa FI, Adeyemi, HY. (2015). Evaluation of the changes in some liver function and haematological parameters in msg fed rats. International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review. 6 (3): 113-120.
• Akgül A. (1993). Baharat Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, No:15, Ankara. 101-104.
• Al‐Mamary M, Al‐Habori M, Al‐Aghbari A, Baker M, Derivatives T. (2002). Investigation into the toxicological effects of catha edulis leaves: a short term study in animals. NCBI, 16 (2): 127-132.
• AL-Mosaibih MA. (2013). Effects of monosodium glutamate and acrylamide on the liver tissue of adult wistar rats. Life Science Journal. 10(2): 35-42.
• Altuğ T. (2001). Gıda Katkı Maddeleri. Meta Basım, İzmir. 2865.
• Alwaleedi SA. (2016). adverse effects of monosodium glutamate on serum lipid profile,cholesterol status and blood glucose in adult rats. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 7 (1): 732-739.
• Anonim (2011). Monosodıum glutamate a safety assessment, Technical Report Series No. 20, Food Standards Australia New Zealand. http://www.foodstandards.gov.au /_srcfiles/MSG%20Technical%20Report.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.01.2011.
• Arauz-Contreras J, Ferıa-Velasco A. (1984). Monosodium-L-glutamateinduced convulsions--I. Differences in seizure pattern and duration of effect as a function of age in rats. Gen Pharmacol, 15 (5): 5-391.
• Başer KHC.( 2001). Her derde deva bir bitki kekik. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi. 74-77.
• Baysal A. (2009). Beslenme. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
• Bellisle, F., & France, B. (2008). Experimental studies of food choices and palatability responses in European subjects exposed to the Umami taste. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 17(Suppl 1), 376-379.
• Bojanić V, Bojanić Z, Najman S, Savić T, Jakovljević V, Najman S and Jancić S. (2009). Diltiazem prevention of toxic effects of monosodium glutamate on ovaries in rats. General Physiology Biophysics, 28: 149-54.
• Chevassus H, Renard E, Bertrand G, Mourand I, Puech R, Molinier N, ... & Bringer J. (2002). Effects of oral monosodium (l)‐glutamate on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 53 (6): 641-643.
• Dauqan, E. M., & Abdullah, A. (2017). Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 5(2), 17-22.
• Diniz YS, Faine LA, Galhardi CM, Rodrigues HG, Ebaid GX, Burneiko RC, Cicogna AC, Novelli EL, (2005). Monosodium glutamate in standard and high-fiber diets: metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in rats. Nutrition. 21 (6): 749-755.
• Diniz YS, Fernandes AA, Campos KE, Mani F, Ribas BO, Novelli EL. (2004). Toxicity of hypercaloric diet and monosodium glutamate: oxidative stress and metabolic shifting in hepatic tissue. Food Chem Toxicol. 42 (2): 313-319.
• Ebaid HM, Tag MH. (2012). Monosodium glutamate toxic effect on spleen structure and potentiality of recovery in adult albino rats. Egyption Academic Journal Biological Sciences. 4 (1): 1-8.
• El-Kader MA, Mohamed N. (2012). Evaluation of protective and antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on paracetamol-induced toxicity in rats. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 6: 467-474.
• El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Hathout AS, Hassan NS, Aly SE, Abdel-Wahhab MA. (2011). Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats. Toxicon. 57 (7-8): 984-991.
• El-Newary SA, Shaffie NM, Omer EA. (2017). The protection of Thymus vulgaris leaves alcoholic extract against hepatotoxicity of alcohol in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 10: 361-371.
• Eman GE, Helal Rasha AA, El-Sayed GMH, Mariam S. (2017). Effects of some food additives on some biochemical parameters in young male albino rats and the ameliorative role of royal jelly. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017. 67 (2): 605-613.
• Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky G. (2002). Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94143; and Medical Research Institute (J.L.E.), San Bruno, California 94066. 23 (5): 599-622.
• Farombi EO, Onyema OO. (2006). Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in the rat: modulatory role of vitamin C, vitamin E and quercetin. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 25 (5): 251-259.
• Grassiolli S, Gravena C, Freitas Mathias PCJE. (2007). Muscarinic M2 receptor is active on pancreatic islets from hypothalamic obese rat. Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Brazil. 556 (1-3): 223-228.
• Grespan R, Aguiar RP, Giubilei FN, et al. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of pretreatment with thymus vulgaris essential oil in experimental model of acetaminophen-ınduced ınjury. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 954136: 8.
• Insawang T, Selmi C, Cha'on U, Pethlert S, Yongvanit P, Areejitranusorn P, Boonsiri P, Khampitak T, Tangrassameeprasert R, Pinitsoontorn C, Prasongwattana V, Gershwin ME, Hammock BD. (2012). Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake is associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural Thai population. Nutr Metab (Lond). 9 (1): 50-167.
• Ismail NH. (2012). Assessment of DNA damage in testes from young wistar male rat treated with monosodium glutamate. Life Science Journal. 9 (1).
• Jafarisani M, Masoomikarimi M, Kazemi SS, Mirzaeidelaviz S, Naderi Z, Ahmadi R. (2016). Effect of thymus vulgaris ethanol extract, on serum total antioxidant in experimental ınduced poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rats International Journal of Health Studies. 2 (1): 30-34
• Karanki E. (2013). Ülkemizde Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Baharatların Antimikrobiyel Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Niğde.
• Kensara OA, ElSawy NA, El-Shemi AG, Header EA. (2013). Thymus vulgaris supplementation attenuates blood pressure and aorta damage in hypertensive rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7 (11): 669-676.
• Khalaf HA, Arafat EA. (2015). Effect of different doses of monosodium glutamate on the thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rats: a histological study.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8 (12): 15498–15510.
• Macho L, Fickova M, Zorad S. (2000). Late effects of postnatal administration of monosodium glutamate on insulin action in adult rats. Physiol Res. 49: 79-85.
• Manal Said, T., & Nawal, A. B. (2012). Adverse effects of monosodium glutamate on liver and kidney functions in adult rats and potential protective effect of vitamins C and E. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012.Thomas M, Sujatha KS, George S. (2015). Indian J Exp Biol. Mar. 47 (3): 186-92.
• MoDNicki D, Balcerek M. (2009). Estimation of total polyphenols contents in Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. commercial samples. Herba Polonica, 55 (1): 35-42.
• Nwaopara, A. O., Odike, M. A. C., Inegbenebor, U., Nwaopara, S. O., & Ewere, G. I. (2008). A comparative study on the effects of excessive consumption of ginger, clove, red pepper and black pepper on the histology of the Kidney. Pak. J. Nutr, 7(2), 287-291.
• Ocana A. Reglero G. (2012). Effects of thyme extract oils (from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus hyemalis) on cytokine production and gene expression of oxldl-stimulated thp-1-macrophages. J Obes, 104706.
• Ogbuagu OE, Nweke IN, Unekwe PC. (2015). Organ toxicity of monosodium glutamate in adult albino Wistar rats. J Med Investig Pract. 10: 1-7.
• Onyema OO, Farombi EO, Emerole GO, Ukoha AI, Onyeze GO. (2006). Effect of vitamin E on monosodium glutamate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 43 (1): 20-24.
• Pavlovic V, Pavlovic D, Kocic G, Sokolovic D, Jevtovic-Stoimenov T, Cekic S and Velickovic D. (2007). Effect of monosodium glutamate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat thymus. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 303 (1-2): 161-166.
• Pina-Vaz C, Goncalves Rodrigues A, Pinto E, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Tavares C, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Goncalves MJ, Martinez-de-Oliveira J. (2004). Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 18 (1): 73-78.
• Poli G, Cottalasso D, Pronzato M, Chiarpotto E, Biasi F, Corongiu F, Marinari U, Nanni G, Dianzani MJCB. (1990). Biochemistry FC ve disease imbaao. Lipid peroxidation and covalent binding in the early functional impairment of liver Golgi apparatus by carbon tetrachloride. 8 (1): 1-10.
• Rotimi OA, Olayiwola IO, Ademuyiwa O, Balogun EA. (2012). Effects of fibre-enriched diets on tissue lipid profiles of MSG obese rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 50 (11): 4062-4067.
• Sarı A & Oğuz B. (2000). Türkiye ve Dünya’da bazı tıbbi, kokulu ve baharat bitkilerinin yeri ve önemi. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Yayın, 98.
• Seiva, F.R., Chuffa, L.G., Braga, C.P., Amorim, J.P., Fernandes, A.A., 2012. Quercetin ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism and improves antioxidant status in postnatally monosodium glutamate-induced metabolic alterations. Food Chem Toxicol. 50 (10): 3556-3561. Sharma, A., Prasongwattana, V., Cha’on, U., Selmi, C., Hipkaeo, W., Boonnate, P., ... & Reungjui, S. (2013). Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption is associated with urolithiasis and urinary tract obstruction in rats. PloS one, 8(9), e75546.
• Shati AA, Elsaid FG. (2009). Effects of water extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on alcohol abuse. Food Chem Toxicol. 47 (8): 1945-1949.
• Shrestha S, Jha C.B, Lal Das BK, Yadav P. (2018). Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Liver Tissue of Wistar Albino Rats – A Histological And Biochemical Study. International Journal of Therapeutic Applications, Volume 35.
• Vigo E, Cepeda A, Gualillo O, Perez-Fernandez R. (2004). In-vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Thymus vulgaris: nitric oxide inhibition in J774A.1 murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol. 56 (2): 257-263.
• Yousef MI, Omar SA, El-Guendi MI, Abdelmegid LAJF, Toxicology C. (2010). Potential protective effects of quercetin and curcumin on paracetamol-induced histological changes, oxidative stress, impaired liver and kidney functions and haematotoxicity in rat. 48 (11): 3246-3261.