Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulan Ratlarda Serum Mineral ve Vitamin Seviyeleri Üzerine Kitosan ile Kitosan Oligosakkaritin Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 86 - 91, 29.11.2022

Ugur Ozdek İbrahim Yörük Yeter Değer

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1161599

Abstract

Flor toksikasyonu dünyanın farklı yerlerinde meydana gelir. Özellikle volkanik kayaçların zamanla çözünmesi nedeniyle sulardaki flor seviyesinin artmasından kaynaklanır. Flor içeriği yüksek olan sular ile bitkilerin sulanması, hayvanların bu suları tüketmesi sonrası, bitki ve hayvanlardan elde edilen besinlerle veya doğrudan içme suyuyla alınabilir. Bu çalışmada, deneysel florozisli ratlarda kitosan (CS) ve kitosan oligosakkaritin (COS) bazı serum eser mineralleri ve vitamin düzeyleri üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Kontrol, florozis, florozis CS ve COS grupları, sağlıklı CS ve COS grupları olmak üzere altı grup oluşturulmuştur. CS ve COS, 250 mg/kg'lık bir dozda, 28 gün boyunca oral yoldan uygulandı. Çalışmanın sonunda ketamin+ksilazin anestezisi uygulandı ve kalp direkt kanüle edildi. Serumda eser mineraller (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Se) ve vitaminler (retinol, α-tokoferol, D3) analiz edildi. Florozis grubunda (F), kontrol grubuna göre Cu, Zn, Se ve Mn seviyelerinde azalma olduğu görüldü. F+CS grubunda Zn seviyesinde ve F+CS grubunda Cu, Zn ve Se seviyelerinde F grubuna göre anlamlı bir artış tespit edildi. F, F+CS, F+COS ve CS gruplarında serum retinol ve α -tokoferol seviyeleri azaldı. Sonuç olarak, bulgularımız florozisli ratlarda serum Zn, Cu, Se, retinol ve α-tokoferol düzeylerinde azalma olduğunu, mineral ve vitamin düzeylerindeki azalmaya karşı COS'un CS'den daha etkili olduğunu gösterdi.

Keywords

Eser elementler, Florozis, Serum, Sodyum florür, Vitamin

The Effect of Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Serum Mineral and Vitamin Levels in Rats with Experimental Fluorosis

Abstract

Fluorine toxicity occurs in different parts of the world. It is caused by the increase in the fluorine level in the waters, especially due to the dissolution of volcanic rocks over time. Water with high fluorine content can be taken with plant and animal irrigations, and foods obtained from plants and animals, or it can be taken directly with drinking water. In this study, the effects of chitosan (CS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on some serum trace minerals and vitamin levels in experimental fluorosis rats were investigated. Six groups were formed as control, fluorosis, fluorosis CS and COS groups, healthy CS and COS groups. CS and COS were administered orally for 28 days at a dose of 250 mg/kg. At the end of the study, ketamine anesthesia was administered and the heart was directly cannulated. Trace minerals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Se) and vitamins (retinol, α-tocopherol, D3) were analyzed. Cu, Zn, Se and Mn levels were found to be decreased in the F group compared to the control group. A significant increase was found in the Zn level in the F+CS group and in the Cu, Zn and Se levels in the F+CS group compared to the values in the F group. Serum retinol and α -tocopherol levels were decreased in the F, F+CS, F+COS and CS groups. In conclusion, our findings showed that there was a decrease in serum Zn, Cu, Se, retinol and α-tocopherol levels in rats with fluorosis, and COS was more effective than CS against the decrease in mineral and vitamin levels.

Keywords

Fluorosis, sodium fluoride, serum, trace elements, vitamin

References

• Altıner A, Atalay H and Bilal T (2017). Vitamin E as an Antioxidant. BAUN Sağ Bil Derg, 6 (3), 149-57.
• Altug N, Arslan S, Yuksek N et al. (2013). The levels of trace elements and selected vitamins in goats with chronic fluorosis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37 (5), 529-34.
• Andersen L, Richards A, Care A et al. (1986). Parathyroid glands, calcium, and vitamin D in experimental fluorosis in pigs. Calcif Tissue Int, 38 (4), 222-26.
• Bouaziz H, Croute F, Boudawara T, Soleilhavoup JP, Zeghal N (2007). Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 58 (5), 339-49.
• Bulduk B, Gokhan O, Gunbatar N et al. (2022). The effect of resveratrol on toxicity caused by cisplatin in rats with experimentally created diabetes by streptozotocin. JHSM, 5 (1), 124-30.
• Bulduk B, Uyar H, Oto G et al. (2022). Effect of Exposure to Fluorıne and 7, 12-Dımethyl Benzanthracene on Vascular Responses. FEB, 31 (3), 2826-31.
• Cetin S, Deger Y, Dede S, Yur F (2020). The concentration of certain trace elements in the wool of sheep with fluorosis. Fluoride, 53 (1 Pt 2), 164-69.
• Champe PC, Harvey RA, Ferrier DR (2005). Biochemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia.
• Comba B, Cinar A. (2016). Investigation of effects of fluorosis on some minerals and hormones in sheep. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 63 (3), 223-27.
• Cetin S, Yur F, Taspınar M, Yuksek V (2019). The effects of some minerals on apoptosis and DNA damage in sodium fluoride-administered renal and osteoblast cell lines. Fluoride, 52 (3), 362-78.
• Ersoy IH, Koroglu BK, Varol S et al. (2011). Serum copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in patients with chronic fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 143 (2), 619-24.
• Gordon DT, Williford CB (1983). Chitin and chitosan: Influence on element absorption in rats. ACS Publications. Columbia.
• Kahl S, Wójcik K, Ewy Z (1973). Effect of fluoride on some hematological indices and 59Fe distribution in the blood and iron-storing tissues in rats. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol, 21 (5), 389-93.
• Koide S (1998). Chitin-chitosan: properties, benefits and risks. Nutr Res, 18 (6), 1091-101.
• Komuroglu AU, Seckin H, Ertas M, Meydan I (2022). Metagenomic Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota in Florated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res, 300, 3275-83.
• Laokuldilok T, Potivas T, Kanha N et al. (2017). Physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of chitooligosaccharides produced using three different enzyme treatments. Food Biosci, 18, 28-33.
• Leblebicier ODY, Aydogan İ (2018). The Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Performance and Blood Parameters of Broilers. JPR, 15 (1), 18-22.
• Li C, Tan Y, Zhang L (1990). The recognition of fluorosis as a chemical question through trace element analysis of the liver and spleen of the monkey. Endemic Dis Bull, 5, 1-5.
• Meral I, Demir H, Gunduz H, Mert N, Dogan I (2004). Serum copper, zinc, manganese, and magnesium status of subjects with chronic fluorosis. Fluoride, 37 (2), 102-106.
• Mesram N, Nagapuri K, Banala RR, Nalagoni CR, Karnati PR (2017). Quercetin treatment against NaF induced oxidative stress related neuronal and learning changes in developing rats. J King Saud Univ Sci, 29 (2), 221-29.
• Ozdek U, Komuroglu AU, Oguz AR, Deger Y (2021). Protective effects of chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide against oxidative damage in liver tissue of rats with fluorine poisoning. PJPS, 34 (1), 373-79.
• Pan H, Yang Q, Huang G et al. (2016). Hypolipidemic effects of chitosan and its derivatives in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet. Food Nutr Res, 60 (1), 31137.
• Pei-zhong C, Zhong-jie Y, Tao L (2002). Relations between endemic fluorosis and chemical elements in environment. CJPH, 18 (4), 433-34.
• Ramasamy P, Subhapradha N, Shanmugam V, Shanmugam A (2014). Protective effect of chitosan from Sepia kobiensis (Hoyle 1885) cuttlebone against CCl4 induced hepatic injury. Int J Biol Macromol, 65, 559-63.
• Reddy GB, Khandare AL, Reddy PY et al. (2003). Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and in fluoride-intoxicated rabbits. Toxicol. Sci., 72 (2), 363-68.
• Roberfroid MB (2000). Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr, 71 (6), 1682S-87S.
• Samal P, Patra R, Gupta A et al. (2016). Effect of Tamarindus indica leaf powder on plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in fluorotic cows. Vet World, 9 (10), 1121.
• Singh J, Swarup D (1999). Biochemical changes in serum and urine in bovine fluorosis. Indian J Anim Sci, 69 776-78.
• Singh M (1982). Effect of fluoride on tissue manganese levels in the mouse. Sci Total Environ, 22 (3), 285-88.
• Tao X, Xu Z and Wang Y (2005). Effect of excessive dietary fluoride on nutrient digestibility and retention of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in growing pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res, 107 (2), 141-51.
• Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Skaletska N, Maksin V, Osadowski Z (2021). Elemental status and lipid peroxidation in the blood of children with endemic fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 199 (4), 1237-45.
• Tkachenko H, Skaletska N (2009). The state of the prooxidant and antioxidant system in the blood of children living in an environmentally disadvantaged region. J Environ Health, 23.
• Toz H, Deger Y (2018). The effect of chitosan on the erythrocyte antioxidant potential of lead toxicity-induced rats. Biol Trace Elem Res, 184 (1), 114-18.
• Underwood E (2012). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. Elsevier, London.
• Varol E, Varol S (2010). Fluorosis as an Environmental Disease and its Effect on Human Health. TAF Prev Med Bull, 9 (3), 233-38.
• Vatassery G, Ophaug R, Singer L (1980). The effect of fluoride intake on the total lipid, cholesterol and vitamin E levels in a sera and liver of guinea pigs on high fat diet. Life Sci, 27 (21), 1961-66.
• Vrzhesinskaia OA, Kodentsova VM, Beketova NA, Kosheleva OV, Pereverzeva OG (2011). The effect of various levels of chitosan in rat diet on vitamins assimilation under their combined deficiency. Vopr Pitan, 80 (4), 56-61.
• Wang Z, Yan Y, Yu X et al. (2016). Protective effects of chitosan and its water-soluble derivatives against lead-induced oxidative stress in mice. Int J Biol Macromol, 83, 442-49.
• Xie W, Xu P, Liu Q (2001). Antioxidant activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 11 (13), 1699-701.
• Yan Y, Wanshun L, Baoqin H, Bing L, Chenwei F (2006). Protective effects of chitosan oligosaccharide and its derivatives against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Hepatol Res, 35 (3), 178-84.
• Yasar S, Yur F (2008). Antioxidant vitamin and mineral levels in sheep with fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 123 (1), 139-43.
• Yur F, Mert N, Dede S et al. (2013). Evaluation of serum lipoprotein and tissue antioxidant levels in sheep with fluorosis. Fluoride, 46 (2), 90-96.
• Zeng L, Qin C, He G et al. (2008). Effect of dietary chitosans on trace iron, copper and zinc in mice. Carbohydr Polym, 74 (2), 279-82.
• Zhang Z, Zhou B, Wang H et al. (2014). Maize purple plant pigment protects against fluoride-induced oxidative damage of liver and kidney in rats. Int J Environ Res, 11 (1), 1020-33.
• Zong C, Yu Y, Song G et al. (2012). Chitosan oligosaccharides promote reverse cholesterol transport and expression of scavenger receptor BI and CYP7A1 in mice. Exp Biol, 237 (2), 194-200.