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Sığırlarda Helmint Enfeksiyonları: Ağrı Bölgesinden Toplanan Dışkı Örnekleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 95 - 99, 27.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1644796

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ağrı yöresinde sığırlarda helmintlerin görülme sıklığını araştırarak, hem yörede görev yapan veteriner hekimlerin hem de hayvancılık ile uğraşan yöre halkının helmint hastalıklarıyla mücadelesine katkı sağlayacak literatür bilgi oluşturmaktır. Çalışmaya, Ağrı merkez ve ilçelerine bağlı farklı yerleşim yerlerinde bulunan aile işletmelerine ait 438 sığır dahil edildi. Her bir sığırın rektumundan yaklaşık 30-50 g dışkı örneği alınıp modifiye sedimantasyon-santrifüjleme yöntemi ile ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Dışkı örneği incelenen 438 sığırın 198’inde (%45.2) helmint yumurtası saptanmış olup, numunelerin 65’inde (%32.8) iki ve altısında (%3) üç türe ait helmint yumurtası saptandı. Numunelerin 63’ünde (%14.4) Fasciola spp., 11’inde (%2.5) Dicrocoelium dendriticum, 80’inde (%18.3) Toxocara vitulorum, 106’sinde (%24.2) Trichostrongylus spp. ve 15’inde (%3.4) Trichuris spp.’ye ait yumurtalar görüldü. Holştayn ve simental ırklarına göre yerli kara ırkında daha fazla helmint yumurtası saptandı (p=0.009). Sonuç olarak, Ağrı ve ilçelerinde sığırlarda görülen helmintlerin yüksek oranda olduğu görüldü. Sığırlarda önemli verim düşüklüğüne ve hatta ölümlere neden olan bu parazitlerin önemi büyük olup, özellikle mera hayvancılığının yaygın olduğu yörede hayvanların periyodik aralıklarla bağırsak parazitleri yönünden kontrollerinin yapılması ve parazitli hayvanların tedavi edilmesi son derece önem arz etmektedir.

References

  • Adedipe OD, Uwalaka EC, Akinseye VO et al. (2014). Gastrointestinal Helminths in slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. J Vet Med, 923561.
  • Afshar MT, Aydemir S, Yılmaz H ve ark. (2023). Ağrı yöresi sığırlarında Toxocara vitulorum’un yayılışı. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 47 (2), 88-92.
  • Altıntaş N, Tınar R, Çoker A (2004). Echinococcosis. Hidatidoloji Derneği, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova, Yayın no:1.
  • Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Lotfinia M, Bakhshi MA (2020). Molecular detection of Trichostrongylus species through PCR followed by high resolution melt analysis of ITS-2 rDNA sequences. Mold Biochem parazitol, 111260-111236.
  • Alali F, Jawad M, Kh.k.Al-khayat K (2021). Direct Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle in Karbala Province and its Environs, Iraq. Int J Vet Ani Rech, 4 (3), 87-91.
  • Altun S, Sağlam Y (2014). Erzurum ilinde kesimi yapılan sığırlarda karaciğer lezyonları üzerinde patolojik incelemeler. Atatürk Univ Vet Bilim Derg, 9 (1), 7-15.
  • Arbabi M, Nezami E, Hooshyar H et al. (2018). Epidemiology and economic loss of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Arak, Iran. Vet world, 11 (12), 1648.
  • Bari S, Sarvi S, Daryani A et al. (2016). İran'daki Evcil Hayvanlarda Dicrocelium dentriticum Enfeksiyonu: Sistematik Bir İnceleme ve Meta-analiz. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 25 (132). 367-375.
  • Balkaya İ, Şimşek S (2010). Erzurum’da kesilen sığırlarda hidatidosis ve fascioliasis’in yaygınlığı ve ekonomik önemi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 793-797.
  • Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Gobbi F et al. (2017). Four clusters of Trichostrongylus infection diagnosed in a single center, in Italy. Infection, 45, 233–236.
  • Behera B, Patra G, Ravindran R et al. (2020). Epidemiological investigation of helminth infection of cattle from different districts of Mizoram, India. J Entomol Zool Stud, 8 (3), 27-30.
  • Cellat M (2003). Van Belediye mezbahasında kesilen ruminantlarda helmint enfeksiyonlarının yayılışı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisan Tezi. Van.
  • Çelik BA, Çelik ÖY, Ayan A ve ark. (2022). Diyarbakır, Türkiye'deki Anadolu mandalarında (Bubalis bubalus) Toxocara vitulorum’un Araştırılması. Assiut Vet Tıp Derg, 68, 90-96.
  • Gholami S, Babamahmoodi F, Abedian R et al. (2015). Trichostrongylus colubriformis: possible most common cause of human infection in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 10, 110–115.
  • Hidalgo A, Gacitúa P, Melo A et al. (2020). First molecular characterization of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in rural patients from Chile. Acta Parasitol, 2020, 790-795.
  • Hammami I, Amdouni Y, Romdhane R ve ark. (2024). Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in slaughtered sheep from Northwest Tunisia and its risk factors: Association with gastrointestinal helminths infection and anaemia. Vet Med Sci, 10 (5), 1575.
  • Köse M, Kırcalı F (2008). Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Cattle in Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 32, 27-30.
  • Kozan (2014). Bartın Yöresi Sığırlarında Dışkı Bakısı ile Tespit Edilen Helmintler. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 38, 17-21. Mary E Sanda, Emmanuel C Uwalaka, Idika K Idika et al. (2019). Prevalence of helminths in cattle in Anyigba, Kogi state, Nigeria. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7 (5), 171-174.
  • Mustafa MMH, Islam MR, Hashem MA et al (2022). Surveillance and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite of domestic animals in different abattoirs in Bangladesh. Asian-Australasian J Biosci Biotechnol, 7 (2), 50-56.
  • Marskole P, Verma Y, Dixit A et al. (2016). Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Jabalpur, India. Vet World, 9, 1214-1217.
  • Moussouni L, Benhanifia M, Saidi M et al. (2018). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism infections in cattle of Bass Kabylie area: case of Bejaia Province, Algeria. Maced Vet Rev, 41 (1).
  • Ola-Fadunsin SD, Ganiyu IA, Rabiu M et al. (2020). Balogun, R.B. Helminth infections of great concern among cattle in Nigeria: Insight to its prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors. Vet World, 13 (2), 338.
  • Purwandani CEP, Kuncorojakti S, Suwanti LT (2021). Prevalence of Helminths in Digestive Tract of Cows in Indonesia. World J Vet, 11 (4), 658-662.
  • Pezeshki A, Aminfar H, Aminzare M (2018). An analysis of common foodborne parasitic zoonoses in slaughtered sheep and cattle in Tehran, Iran, during 2015-2018. Vet World, 11 (10), 1486.
  • Pavlovıc I, Zdravkovıc N, Caro Petrovıc V et al. (2023). Gastrointestinal helmints of cattle in semi-intensive breeding at Belgrade area. Edirne, Turkey. V Int Agric Biol Life Sci Conf, 18-20.
  • Raval JV, Sachaniya RM (2020). Gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Gir Cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) and Jaffrabadi Buffalo (Bulbus bubalus) from Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Research Square, (preprint).
  • Sevimli FK, Kozan E, Köse M ve ark. (2007). Gastrointestinal nematodes and their seasonal distribution in cattle raised in central Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 31, 51-6.
  • Sırbu C, Imre K, Darabus G, et al. (2020). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle and sheep in two regions of Romania. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 44, 581-587.
  • Shit N, Hajra DK, Baidya S et al. (2017). A. Seasonal occurrence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Explor Anim Med Res, 7 (1), 58-63.
  • Shinggu PA, Olufemi OT, Nwuku JA et al. (2019). Liver flukes egg infection and associated risk factors in white fulani cattle slaughtered in Wukari, Southern Taraba State, Nigeria. Hindawi Adv Prev Med, 1-5.
  • Shabbiroddin H. Sachin S. Waghmare Jayant R et al. (2022). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infestation in ruminants in Ahmednagar, district. J Pharm Innov, 11 (6), 1787-1790.
  • Saltan C, Taşçı GT (2020). Prevalence of Liver Trematode Infections in Cattle in the Province of Agri in Turkey. Turkish J Parasitol, 44 (3), 132-139.
  • Sharifdini M, Heidari Z, Hesari Z et al. (2017). Molecular phylogenetics of Trichostrongylus species (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from humans of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Korean J Parasitol, 55, 279–285.
  • Singh N, Singh H, Haque M et al. (2012). Prevalence Of Parasitic Infections in Cattle of Ludhiana District, Punjab. J Parasit Dis, 36 (2), 256-259.
  • Squire SA, Yang R, Robertson I et al. (2018). Gastrointestinal helminths in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana. Parasitol Res, 117, 3183-3194.
  • Şen M, Yıldırım A, Bişkin Z ve ark. (2011). Derinkuyu yöresindeki sığırlarda fasciolosisin Kopro-ELISA ve dışkı muayene yöntemleriyle araştırılması. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 35, 81-5.
  • Şahin M, Afshar MT, Yıldız R ve ark. (2023). Ağrı İlinde Kesilen Sığırlarda Fascioliasis Yaygınlığı. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 47 (3), 156-159.
  • Şenlik B, Çırak VY, Akyol VA et al. (2010). Trichostrongylosis in Catttle from South Marmara Region of Turkey: Assessment of Various Factors Related to Faecal Egg Counts. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16, 663-7.
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ 07.05.2024.
  • Taşçı GT, Ekinci Aİ, Arslan MÖ (2016). Periparturient Dönemdeki İneklerde Trichostrongylid Nematod Yumurta Atılımı Üzerine Araştırmalar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 40 (4), 185-9.
  • Thapa B, Parajuli RP, Dhakal P (2022). Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in stray cattle of the Kathmandu Valley. J Parasit Dis, 46 (3), 845-853.

Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 95 - 99, 27.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1644796

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of helminths in cattle in Ağrı region and to create literature information that will contribute to the fight against helminth diseases of both veterinarians working in the region and local people engaged in animal husbandry. The study included 438 cattle belonging to family enterprises located in different settlements of Ağrı center and its districts. Approximately 30-50 g of fecal samples were taken from the rectum of each cattle and examined under a light microscope using a modified sedimentation-centrifugation method. Of the 438 cattle whose faecal samples were examined, 198 (45.2%) had helminth eggs, 65 (32.8%) of the samples had two and six (3%) had three species. Eggs belonging to Fasciola spp. were detected in 63 (14.4%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum in 11 (2.5%), Toxocara vitulorum in 80 (18.3%), Trichostrongylus spp. in 106 (24.2%) and Trichuris spp. in 15 (3.4%) of the samples. More helminth eggs were found in Yerli kara breed compared to Holstein and Simmental breeds (p=0.009). As a result, it was observed that there was a high rate of helminths in cattle in Ağrı region. These parasites, which cause significant low productivity and even deaths in cattle, are of great importance and it is extremely important to periodically check the animals for intestinal parasites and to treat parasitic animals, especially in the region where pasture animal husbandry is common.

Ethical Statement

Yazarlar herhangi bir çıkar çatışması beyan etmemişlerdir.

References

  • Adedipe OD, Uwalaka EC, Akinseye VO et al. (2014). Gastrointestinal Helminths in slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. J Vet Med, 923561.
  • Afshar MT, Aydemir S, Yılmaz H ve ark. (2023). Ağrı yöresi sığırlarında Toxocara vitulorum’un yayılışı. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 47 (2), 88-92.
  • Altıntaş N, Tınar R, Çoker A (2004). Echinococcosis. Hidatidoloji Derneği, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova, Yayın no:1.
  • Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Lotfinia M, Bakhshi MA (2020). Molecular detection of Trichostrongylus species through PCR followed by high resolution melt analysis of ITS-2 rDNA sequences. Mold Biochem parazitol, 111260-111236.
  • Alali F, Jawad M, Kh.k.Al-khayat K (2021). Direct Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle in Karbala Province and its Environs, Iraq. Int J Vet Ani Rech, 4 (3), 87-91.
  • Altun S, Sağlam Y (2014). Erzurum ilinde kesimi yapılan sığırlarda karaciğer lezyonları üzerinde patolojik incelemeler. Atatürk Univ Vet Bilim Derg, 9 (1), 7-15.
  • Arbabi M, Nezami E, Hooshyar H et al. (2018). Epidemiology and economic loss of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Arak, Iran. Vet world, 11 (12), 1648.
  • Bari S, Sarvi S, Daryani A et al. (2016). İran'daki Evcil Hayvanlarda Dicrocelium dentriticum Enfeksiyonu: Sistematik Bir İnceleme ve Meta-analiz. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 25 (132). 367-375.
  • Balkaya İ, Şimşek S (2010). Erzurum’da kesilen sığırlarda hidatidosis ve fascioliasis’in yaygınlığı ve ekonomik önemi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 793-797.
  • Buonfrate D, Angheben A, Gobbi F et al. (2017). Four clusters of Trichostrongylus infection diagnosed in a single center, in Italy. Infection, 45, 233–236.
  • Behera B, Patra G, Ravindran R et al. (2020). Epidemiological investigation of helminth infection of cattle from different districts of Mizoram, India. J Entomol Zool Stud, 8 (3), 27-30.
  • Cellat M (2003). Van Belediye mezbahasında kesilen ruminantlarda helmint enfeksiyonlarının yayılışı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisan Tezi. Van.
  • Çelik BA, Çelik ÖY, Ayan A ve ark. (2022). Diyarbakır, Türkiye'deki Anadolu mandalarında (Bubalis bubalus) Toxocara vitulorum’un Araştırılması. Assiut Vet Tıp Derg, 68, 90-96.
  • Gholami S, Babamahmoodi F, Abedian R et al. (2015). Trichostrongylus colubriformis: possible most common cause of human infection in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 10, 110–115.
  • Hidalgo A, Gacitúa P, Melo A et al. (2020). First molecular characterization of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in rural patients from Chile. Acta Parasitol, 2020, 790-795.
  • Hammami I, Amdouni Y, Romdhane R ve ark. (2024). Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in slaughtered sheep from Northwest Tunisia and its risk factors: Association with gastrointestinal helminths infection and anaemia. Vet Med Sci, 10 (5), 1575.
  • Köse M, Kırcalı F (2008). Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Cattle in Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 32, 27-30.
  • Kozan (2014). Bartın Yöresi Sığırlarında Dışkı Bakısı ile Tespit Edilen Helmintler. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 38, 17-21. Mary E Sanda, Emmanuel C Uwalaka, Idika K Idika et al. (2019). Prevalence of helminths in cattle in Anyigba, Kogi state, Nigeria. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7 (5), 171-174.
  • Mustafa MMH, Islam MR, Hashem MA et al (2022). Surveillance and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite of domestic animals in different abattoirs in Bangladesh. Asian-Australasian J Biosci Biotechnol, 7 (2), 50-56.
  • Marskole P, Verma Y, Dixit A et al. (2016). Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Jabalpur, India. Vet World, 9, 1214-1217.
  • Moussouni L, Benhanifia M, Saidi M et al. (2018). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism infections in cattle of Bass Kabylie area: case of Bejaia Province, Algeria. Maced Vet Rev, 41 (1).
  • Ola-Fadunsin SD, Ganiyu IA, Rabiu M et al. (2020). Balogun, R.B. Helminth infections of great concern among cattle in Nigeria: Insight to its prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors. Vet World, 13 (2), 338.
  • Purwandani CEP, Kuncorojakti S, Suwanti LT (2021). Prevalence of Helminths in Digestive Tract of Cows in Indonesia. World J Vet, 11 (4), 658-662.
  • Pezeshki A, Aminfar H, Aminzare M (2018). An analysis of common foodborne parasitic zoonoses in slaughtered sheep and cattle in Tehran, Iran, during 2015-2018. Vet World, 11 (10), 1486.
  • Pavlovıc I, Zdravkovıc N, Caro Petrovıc V et al. (2023). Gastrointestinal helmints of cattle in semi-intensive breeding at Belgrade area. Edirne, Turkey. V Int Agric Biol Life Sci Conf, 18-20.
  • Raval JV, Sachaniya RM (2020). Gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Gir Cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) and Jaffrabadi Buffalo (Bulbus bubalus) from Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Research Square, (preprint).
  • Sevimli FK, Kozan E, Köse M ve ark. (2007). Gastrointestinal nematodes and their seasonal distribution in cattle raised in central Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 31, 51-6.
  • Sırbu C, Imre K, Darabus G, et al. (2020). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle and sheep in two regions of Romania. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 44, 581-587.
  • Shit N, Hajra DK, Baidya S et al. (2017). A. Seasonal occurrence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Explor Anim Med Res, 7 (1), 58-63.
  • Shinggu PA, Olufemi OT, Nwuku JA et al. (2019). Liver flukes egg infection and associated risk factors in white fulani cattle slaughtered in Wukari, Southern Taraba State, Nigeria. Hindawi Adv Prev Med, 1-5.
  • Shabbiroddin H. Sachin S. Waghmare Jayant R et al. (2022). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infestation in ruminants in Ahmednagar, district. J Pharm Innov, 11 (6), 1787-1790.
  • Saltan C, Taşçı GT (2020). Prevalence of Liver Trematode Infections in Cattle in the Province of Agri in Turkey. Turkish J Parasitol, 44 (3), 132-139.
  • Sharifdini M, Heidari Z, Hesari Z et al. (2017). Molecular phylogenetics of Trichostrongylus species (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from humans of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Korean J Parasitol, 55, 279–285.
  • Singh N, Singh H, Haque M et al. (2012). Prevalence Of Parasitic Infections in Cattle of Ludhiana District, Punjab. J Parasit Dis, 36 (2), 256-259.
  • Squire SA, Yang R, Robertson I et al. (2018). Gastrointestinal helminths in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana. Parasitol Res, 117, 3183-3194.
  • Şen M, Yıldırım A, Bişkin Z ve ark. (2011). Derinkuyu yöresindeki sığırlarda fasciolosisin Kopro-ELISA ve dışkı muayene yöntemleriyle araştırılması. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 35, 81-5.
  • Şahin M, Afshar MT, Yıldız R ve ark. (2023). Ağrı İlinde Kesilen Sığırlarda Fascioliasis Yaygınlığı. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 47 (3), 156-159.
  • Şenlik B, Çırak VY, Akyol VA et al. (2010). Trichostrongylosis in Catttle from South Marmara Region of Turkey: Assessment of Various Factors Related to Faecal Egg Counts. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16, 663-7.
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ 07.05.2024.
  • Taşçı GT, Ekinci Aİ, Arslan MÖ (2016). Periparturient Dönemdeki İneklerde Trichostrongylid Nematod Yumurta Atılımı Üzerine Araştırmalar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 40 (4), 185-9.
  • Thapa B, Parajuli RP, Dhakal P (2022). Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in stray cattle of the Kathmandu Valley. J Parasit Dis, 46 (3), 845-853.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Parasitology
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Milad Afşar 0000-0003-1978-4127

Selahattin Aydemir 0000-0002-0941-2779

Sedat Kavak This is me 0009-0006-6912-6383

Sadi Elasan 0000-0002-3149-6462

Publication Date July 27, 2025
Submission Date February 21, 2025
Acceptance Date May 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 36 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Afşar, M., Aydemir, S., Kavak, S., Elasan, S. (2025). Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region. Van Veterinary Journal, 36(2), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1644796
AMA Afşar M, Aydemir S, Kavak S, Elasan S. Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region. Van Vet J. July 2025;36(2):95-99. doi:10.36483/vanvetj.1644796
Chicago Afşar, Milad, Selahattin Aydemir, Sedat Kavak, and Sadi Elasan. “Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region”. Van Veterinary Journal 36, no. 2 (July 2025): 95-99. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1644796.
EndNote Afşar M, Aydemir S, Kavak S, Elasan S (July 1, 2025) Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region. Van Veterinary Journal 36 2 95–99.
IEEE M. Afşar, S. Aydemir, S. Kavak, and S. Elasan, “Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region”, Van Vet J, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 95–99, 2025, doi: 10.36483/vanvetj.1644796.
ISNAD Afşar, Milad et al. “Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region”. Van Veterinary Journal 36/2 (July2025), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1644796.
JAMA Afşar M, Aydemir S, Kavak S, Elasan S. Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region. Van Vet J. 2025;36:95–99.
MLA Afşar, Milad et al. “Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region”. Van Veterinary Journal, vol. 36, no. 2, 2025, pp. 95-99, doi:10.36483/vanvetj.1644796.
Vancouver Afşar M, Aydemir S, Kavak S, Elasan S. Helminth Infections in Cattle: A Study on Fecal Samples from the Ağrı Region. Van Vet J. 2025;36(2):95-9.

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