Yaşlı Bireylerde Yaşlanma Algısı ve Yaşam Doyumu

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 23 - 33, 30.06.2023

Velittin Kalınkara

https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1261637

Abstract

Nüfusun hızlı yaşlanmasının toplum üzerinde etkileri olabileceği düşünüldüğünde, yaşlı yetişkin-lerin yaşam doyumunu ve yaşlılığı nasıl algıladıklarını bilmek önemlidir. Yaşam doyumu, yaşlan-mada kayıp yaşama sürecinde çok önemli bir rol oynar. Yaşlanma algısı ise bireyin yaşlanmayla ilgili memnuniyetini değerlendirmek için bir ölçü olarak hizmet edebilir ve bireyin yaşlanmayla ilişkili değişikliklere uyumunu yansıtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlı nüfusun yaşam doyumu ile yaşlanma algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve demografik değişkenlerin etkisini değerlendirmektir. Çalış-mada 60 yaş ve üzerindeki 273 katılımcıdan oluşan temsili rastgele örneklemde online anket yapıldı. Araştırmada “Yaşlılığın Algılanması Ölçeği” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Yaşlının yaşam doyumu ve yaşlanma algısının önemli belirleyicilerini ortaya koymak için hiyerarşik çoklu doğrusal regresyon, değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerini belirlemek üzere korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yaşam doyumu ile yaşlılık algısı arasındaki korelasyon anlamlı (r=.203 p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Yaş ilerledikçe yaşlılık algısının arttığı, yaşlılık algısı yüksek olan bireylerde yaşam doyumunun da yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Yaşam doyumu ve yaşlılık algısı 75 yaş ve üzeri yaştaki bireylerde diğerlerinden daha yüksektir (p<0,01). Yaşam doyumu ve yaşlanma algısı kavramının ve belirleyicilerinin anlaşılması, yaşlıların yaşlanmadan memnuniyetlerinin ve yaşa bağlı değişikliklere uyumlarının artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Keywords

Yaşlı, yaşlanma, yaşam doyumu, yaşlanma algısı

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Aging Perception and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults

Abstract

Considering that the population's rapid aging may affect society, it is essential to know how older adults perceive life satisfaction and aging. Life satisfaction plays a vital role in experiencing loss in aging. On the other hand, the perception of aging can serve as a measure for assessing an indivi-dual's satisfaction with aging and reflects the individual's adaptation to aging-related changes. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the life satisfaction of the elderly popula-tion, the perception of aging, and the effect of demographic variables. The study conducted an online survey on a random representative sample of 273 participants aged 60 and over. "The Ageing Perceptions Scale" and "Satisfaction with Life Scale" were used in the study. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to reveal the crucial determinants of life satisfaction and the aging perception of the elderly. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relations of the variables with each other. As a result of the research, the correlation between life satisfaction and old age perception was significant (r=.203 p<0.01). It is seen that the perception of old age increases as the age progresses, and life satisfaction is high in individuals with a heightened per-ception of old age. Life satisfaction and perception of old age are higher in individuals aged 75 and over (p<0.01). Understanding the concept of life satisfaction and perception of aging and its determinants may contribute to increasing the satisfaction of the elderly with aging and their adaptation to age-related changes.

Keywords

Older adults, aging, life satisfaction, perception of aging

Project Number

Yok

References

• Allerhand, M., Gale, C. R., & Deary, I. J. (2014). The dynamic relationship between cognitive function and positive well-being in older people: A prospective study using the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Psychology and Aging, 29(2), 306-318. doi: 10.1037/a0036551
• Aydıner Boylu, A., & Günay, G. (2018). The effect of the perceived social support on the elderly life satisfaction. Journal of the Human and Social Scien-ces Researches, 7(2), 1351-1363.
• Bai, X. (2014). Images of ageing in society: A literature review. Journal of Population Ageing, 7, 231-253.
• Bai, X., Yang, S., & Knapp, M. (2018). Sources and directions of social support and life satisfaction among solitary Chinese older adults in Hong Kong: The mediating role of sense of loneliness. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 63-71.
• Banjare, P., Dwivedi, R., & Pradhan, J. (2015). Factors associated with the life satisfaction amongst the rural elderly in Odisha, India. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 13, 201. doi:10.1186/s12955-015-039 8-y
• Borg, C., Hallberg, I. R., & Blomqvist, K. (2006). Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity: the relationship to social, health and financial aspects. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 607–618.
• Camboim, J. C. A., de Souza, M. N. A., de Lima, C. B., daSilva, M. C. L., da Silva, A. N. M., & de Farias Camboim, F. E. (2017). Prescription of medicines by nurses: Legality, practice and benefits. Revista Recien-Revista Científica de Enfermagem, 7(19), 15-27.
• Chan, S., Pan, Y., Xu, Y., & Yeung, K. C. (2019). Life satisfaction and self-perception of aging in contributing to successful aging in a Chinese context. Innovation in Aging, 3(Suppl 1), S147–S148. doi:10.1093/geroni/igz038.531
• Cheng, M. Y., Low, S. K., & Pheh, K. S. (2021). Agebased analysis of the perceptions of aging and successful aging in Malaysia Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 25(2), 170-181. doi:10.7454/hubs.asia.2281121
• Choi, N. G., Dinitto, D. M., & Kim, J. (2014). Discrepancy between chronological age and felt age: Age group difference in objective and subjective health as correlates. Journal of Aging and Health, 26(3), 458–473. doi:10.1177/ 0898264314523449
• Cid, A., Ferres, D., & Rossi, M. (2007). Testing Happiness Hypothesis among the Elderly. Documentos de Trabajo 1207. Departamento de Economía. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Montevideo.
• Demakakos. P., Hacker, E., & Gjonça, E. (2017). Perceptions of ageing. https://www.ifs.org.uk/ elsa/report06/ch11.pdf
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. doi:10. 1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. P. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29, 94–122.
• Fagerström, C., Borg, C., Balducci, C., Burholt, V., Wenger, C. G., Ferring, D., Weber, G., Holst, G., & Hallberg, I. R. (2007). Life satisfaction and associated factors among people aged 60 years and above in six European countries. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2, 33–50. doi:10.1007/s11482-007-9028-0
• Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and Economics. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton Universi-ty Press.
• Gaymu, J., & Springer, S. (2010). Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: a gender and cross-country analysis. Aging Soc. 30, 1153–1175.
• Geerling, D. M., & Diener, E. (2018). Effect size strengths in subjective well-being research. Appl Res Qual Life, 1-19. doi:10.1007/s11482- 018-9670-8
• Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., & Style, C. B. (1983). Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(2), 122–131.
• Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2013). Gender and well-being around the world. Int J Happiness Dev 1(2):212–232. doi:10.1504/ IJHD.2013.055648
• Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Gwozdz, W., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2010). Ageing, health and life satisfaction of the oldest old: An analysis for Germany. Social Indicators Research, 97, 397–417.
• Hagestad, G. O., & Settersten, R. A. (2015). Subjective aging and new complexities of the life course. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 35(1), 29-53. doi:10.1891/0198-8794.35.29
• Hillera˚s, P., Jorm, A., Herlitz, A., & Winblad, B. (2001). Life satisfaction among the very old: a survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years and above. International Journal Aging and Human Development, 52, 71–90.
• Ho, S. C., Woo, J., Lau, J., Chan, S. G., Yuen, Y. K., Chan, Y. K., & Chi, I. (1995). Life satisfaction and associated factors in older Hong Kong Chinese. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 43, 252–255.
• Hong, J. H., Charles, S. T., Lee, S., & Lachman, M. E. (2019). Perceived changes in life satisfaction from the past, present and to the future: A comparison of U.S. and Japan. Psychology and aging, 34(3), 317–329. doi:10.1037/pag0000345
• Hou, Y., Wu, Q., Zhang, D., Jin, X., Wu, W., & Wang, X. (2020). The differences in self-perceptions of aging, health-related quality of life and their association between urban and rural Chinese older hypertensive patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 154-154. doi:10.1186/ s12955-020-01411-2
• Inglehart, R. (2002). Gender, aging, and subjective well-being. Int J Comp Sociol, 43(3-5),391-408. doi:10.1177/ 002071520204300309
• Joshanloo, M., & Jovanovic, V. (2020). The relation-ship between gender and life satisfaction: Analysis across demographic groups and global re-gions. Arch Womens Ment Health, 23, 331–338. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00998-w
• Kaçan Softa, H., Ulaş Karaahmetoğlu, G., Erdoğan, O., & Yavuz, S. (2015). A research on the factors affecting the level of life satisfaction of the elderly people. Elderly Issues Research Journal (EIRJ), 8(1), 12-21.
• Kiarsipour, N., Borhani, F., Esmaeili, R., & Zayeri, F. (2017). The correlation of aging perceptions and life satisfaction in Iranian older adults. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(4), 861.
• Kutubaeva, R. Zh. (2019). Analysis of life satisfaction of the elderly population on the example of Swe-den, Austria and Germany. Population and Eco-nomics, 3(3), 102-116.
• Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psycho-social approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 332–336. doi:10.1111/ j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x
• Lim, H. J., Min, D. K., Thorpe, L., & Lee, C. H. (2016). Multidimensional construct of life satisfaction in older adults in Korea: A six-year follow-up study. BMC Geriatr, 16, 197. doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0369-0
• Liu, H., Wu, B., & Feng, Z. (2020). Social participation and self-perception of being old in China. Interna-tional Journal of Aging and Human Develop-ment, 91, 219–234.
• Liu, H., Yang, R., & Feng, Z. (2020). Age-related loss of resources and perceived old age In China. Age-ing and Society, 40(9), 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0144686X 20001440
• McCamish-Svensson, C., Samuelsson, G., Hagberg, B., Svensson, T., & Dehlin, O. (1999). Social relation-ships and health as predictors of life satisfaction in advanced old age: results from a Swedish longi-tudinal study. International Journal Aging and Human Development, 48, 301–324.
• Miller, B. K., Zivnuska, S., & Kacmar, K. M. (2019). Self-perception and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 321-325. doi:10.10 16/j.paid.2018.12.003.
• Mohammadpour, A., Sadeghmoghadam, L., Shareinia, H., Jahani, S., & Amiri, F. (2018). Investigating the role of perception of aging and associated factors in death anxiety among the elderly. Clin Interv Aging, 13, 405-410. doi:10.2147/CIA.S150697
• Moser, C., Spagnoli, J., & Santos-Eggimann, B. (2011). Self-perception of aging and vulnerability to ad-verse outcomes at the age of 65–70 years. The Journals of Gerontology: 66B(6), 675–680. doi:10. 1093/geronb/gbr052
• Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study. J Pers Soc Psychol., 88, 189–202.
• Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Oztop, H., Sener, A., Guven, S., & Dogan, N. (2009). Influences of intergenerational support on life satisfaction of the elderly: A Turkish Sample. So-cial Behavior and Personality, 37(7), 957-970.
• Pu, S., Nakagome, K., Yamada, T., Yokoyama, K., Matsumura, H., Mitani, H., Adachi, A., & Kaneko, K. (2014). Association between social functioning and prefrontal hemodynamic responses in elderly adults. Behavioural Brain Research, 272, 32-39, doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014. 06.052
• Robertson, D. A., & Kenny, R. A. (2016). I’m too old for that’ – the association between negative per-ceptions of aging and disengagement in later life. Personality and Individual Differences, 100, 114-119. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.096
• Sadegh Moghadam, L., Foroughan, M., Mohammadi, F., Ahmadi, F., Farhadi, A., Nazari, S., & Sadeghi, N. (2016). Aging perception in older adults. Ira-nian Journal of Ageing, 10, 202-209.
• Santini, Z. I., Koyanagi, A., Tyrovolas, S., Haro, J. M., & Koushede, V. (2019). The association of social support networks and loneliness with negative perceptions of ageing: Evidence from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Ageing and Society, 39(5), 1070-1090. doi:10.1017/S014 4686X17001465
• Sargent-Cox, K. A., Anstey, K. J., & Luszcz, M. A. (2012). The relationship between change in self-perceptions of aging and physical functioning in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 27, 750-760.
• Sarkisian, C. A., Hays, R. D., & Mangione, C. M. (2002). Do older adults expect to age successfully? The association between expectations regarding aging and beliefs regarding healthcare seek-ing among older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 1837–1843. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415. 2002.50513.x
• Shoushtari-Moghaddam, E., Kaveh, M., & Nazari, M. (2022). Ageing perception and social functioning in older adults: A narrative review. Working with Older People, 26(3), 16-173.
• Siebert, J. S., Wahl, H.-W., & Schröder, J. (2018). The role of attitude toward own aging for fluid and crystallized functioning: 12-year evidence from the ILSE study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73, 836-845. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw050.
• Smith, J., Fleeson, W., Geiselmann, B., Settersten, R. & Kunzmann, U. (1999). Sources of well-being in very old age. In: Baltes, P. B. & Mayer, K. U. (eds). The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100. (pp. 450–471). New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Stone, A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 107, 9985–9990.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S., (2013). Using Multi-variate Statistics. (Sixth ed.) Boston: Pearson.
• Takashi, O. (2011). Gender differences among elderly Japanese: Importance of family and social relations for life satisfaction. RIETI Discussion Paper Series 11-E-051. doi:10.1007/s10823-012-9169-y
• Wang, X., Wang, P., Wang, P., Cao, M., & Xu, X. (2022). Relationships among mental health, social capital and life satisfaction in rural senior old-er adults: a structural equation model. BMC Geri-atr, 22, 73. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02761-w
• Wolff, J. K., Schuz, B., Ziegelmann, J. P., Warner, L. M., & Wurm, S. (2017). Short-term buffers, but long-term suffers? Differential effects of negative self-perceptions of aging following serious health events. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 408-414. doi:10.1093/geronb/ gbv058
• Wurm, S., Warner, L.M., Ziegelmann, J. P., Wolff, J. K., & Schuz, B. (2013). How do negative self-perceptions of aging become a self-fulfilling prophecy? Psychology and Aging, 28(4), 1088. doi:10.1037/a0032845
• Yaghoobzadeh, A., Gorgulu, O., Yee, B-L., Wibisono, A. H., Sharif, S. P., Nia, H. S., & Allen, K. A. (2018). A model of aging perception in Iranian elders with effects of hope, life satisfaction, and socioeconom-ic status: A path analysis. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 1–9.