Salda Gölünün Jeomikrobiyolojisi ve Güncel Stromatolit Oluşumunda Mikrobiyal Etkiler / Geomicrobiology of Lake Salda and Microbial Influences on Present-Day Stromatolite Formation.

Year 2018, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 19 - 40, 02.04.2018

Nurgül Balcı , Cansu Demirel

Abstract

Türkiye’nin güneybatısında Göller Yöresinde yer alan Salda Gölü, ofiyolitik kayaçlar üzerinde gelişen kapalı sistem aşırı alkali bir
göldür. İlk defa bu çalışmayla Salda Gölü’nün jeomikrobiyolojisi araştırılarak, göldeki güncel stromatolit oluşumlarına etkisi moleküler
ekolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve jeokimyasal bilim dallarını içeren multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Yeni nesil sekanslama
(NSG) sonuçları Salda Göl’ü prokaryotik popülasyonunun % 97.3’nün bakteri domainine; % 2.7’sinin ise arkea domainine
ait olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Dominant bakteri sınıfları Gammaprotobacteria (%39.6), Alphaprotobacteria (%25.6), Bacilli
(%23.7), Siyanobakteri (%5.3) ve Betaproteobacteria (%2.0), Actinobacteria (% 1.77); arkea sınıfları ise Methanobacteria (%76.1),
Halobacteria (%21.4) ve Thaumarchaeota (%1.4) olarak belirlenmiştir. Güncel stromatolit dokusu üzerinde yapılan mikroskop çalışmaları,
hidromanyezit çökellerinin siyanobakteri ve halobacteria sınıfına ait hücre dışı organik maddelerle ( EPS-eksopolimerik
organik maddeler) ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu veriler, güncel stromatolitlerin oluşumunda fototrofik–heterotrofik simbiyotik
bir ilişkiyi önermektedir.
Fosil stromatolitler üzerinde ilk defa yapılan petrografik incelemeler, canlı izleri olan filamentlere işaret etmektedir.
Tüm veriler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, stromatolitlerin biyolojik-kimyasal ve fiziksel bir dizi karışık biyojeokimyasal reaksiyonlar
sonucu oluştuğu, stromatolitlerin oluşumunda bakterilerin çekirdeklenme yüzeyi ve çökelim hızı gibi kinetik faktörleri kontrol
ettiği ancak bu yapıların oluşumunda termodinamik faktörleri (alkalinite, pH) etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler stromatolitlerin
mineralojisi ve oluşum lokasyonlarının su-kayaç denetimi altında bulunan göl su kimyası tarafından denetlendiğini
önermektedir. Salda Göl’ünde yapılan bu çalışma ile güncel ve fosil stromatolit oluşumlarının jeolojik kayıtlardaki yaşam izlerinin
tayin edilmesinde önemli veriler sağlayabileceği ortaya konmuştur

Keywords

Salda Gölü, karbonat çökelimi, ofiyolit, ekstrem göller, stromatolit, dünya dışı yaşam, Mars

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