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Altınova Mahallesi Sahilinin (Ayvalık, Balıkesir) Sıvılaşma Duyarlılığı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 77 - 101, 29.08.2025

Öz

Balıkesir ili Ayvalık ilçesi (Balıkesir, Türkiye) çalışma alanı, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu'nun güney kolu üzerinde yer almakta olup, tarihsel ve aletsel dönemde 1867 Edremit (M=7,0), 1919 Ayvalık-Sarmısaklı (Mw=7,2), 1944 Edremit (Mw=6,4) ve 1953 Yenice (Mw=7,2) depremleri meydana gelmiştir. Ayvalık ilçesi Altınova mahallesi sahilinde yeraltı suyu derinliği çok az olup kumlu zeminler yayılım göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Altınova mahallesi sahil kısmının (Ayvalık, Balıkesir) sıvılaşma potansiyeli ve sıvılaşma şiddeti haritaları üretilmiştir. Zemim tabakalarının sıvılaşmaya karşı güvenlik sayısı SPT-N değeri kullanan basitleştirilmiş prosedürle hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada zemin tabakalarının sıvılaşmaya karşı güvenlik sayısının, sıvılaşma olasılıklarının ve düzeltilmiş SPT-N değerlerinin 4, 8, 12 ve 16 m’deki mekânsal dağılımları bulunmuştur. Sıvılaşma potansiyeli haritasına göre inceleme alanının % 11,8’inde sıvılaşma olmayacağı görülmektedir. İnceleme alanının %64,1’i “düşük”, %20,5’i “orta”, %3,6’sı “yüksek” sıvılaşma potansiyeline sahiptir. İnceleme alanında yer alan 4723 binadan 584’ü sıvılaşma olmayacak alanda, 3034’ü düşük sıvılaşma potansiyelli alanda, 909’u orta sıvılaşma potansiyelli alanda ve 196’sı yüksek sıvılaşma potansiyelli alanda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada üretilen sıvılaşma şiddeti haritasına göre senaryo depremin gerçekleşmesi durumunda inceleme alanının %1,3’ünde sıvılaşma olmayacağı, %33,3’ünde sıvılaşmanın “çok düşük şiddetli”, %65’inde sıvılaşmanın “düşük şiddetli” ve %0,3’ünde “orta şiddetli” gelişeceği görülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi (BAUN, BAP, Proje Numarası: 2024/009) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

2024/009

Kaynakça

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1988. Engineering seismology. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics 17:1–105
  • Analiz Mühendislik İnşaat Sondajcılık Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret Limited Şirketi, 2017. Balıkesir İli Ayvalık İlçesi 3125.83 Hektarlık Alanın İmar Planına Esas Mikrobölgeleme Etüt Raporu, İstanbul
  • Andrus, R.D., Piratheepan, P., Ellis, E., Zhang, J., Juang, C.H., 2004. Comparing liquefaction evaluation methods using penetration-Vs relationships. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 24(9–10): 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.001
  • Andrus, R.D. & Stokoe, K.H., 1997. Liquefaction resistance based on shear wave velocity. NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, Technical Report NCEER-97-0022
  • Andrus, R.D. & Stokoe, K.H., 2000. Liquefaction resistance of soils from shear wave velocity. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 126(11):1015–1025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:11(1015)
  • Andrus, R.D., Stokoe, K.H., Chung, R.M., 1999. Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedure, NISTIR 6277. Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg
  • Anon, 2016. State of the art and practice in the assessment of earthquake-ınduced soil liquefaction and ıts consequences. A report of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, pp.297. https://doi.org/10.17226/23474
  • Arango, I., 1996. Magnitude scaling factors for soil liquefaction evaluations. J Geotech Eng 122(11):929-936. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:11(929)
  • Beroya, M.A.A., Aydin, A., Tiglao, R., Lasala, M., 2009. Use of microtremor in liquefaction hazard mapping. Engineering Geology 107 140–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.05.009
  • Boulanger, R.W. & Idriss, I.M., 2012. Probabilistic standard penetration test–based lique¬faction–triggering procedure. J Geotech Geoenviron 138(10):1185–95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000700
  • Boulanger, R.W. & Idriss, I.M., 2015. Magnitude scaling factors in liquefaction triggering procedures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 79(B):296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.004
  • Bray, J.D., Sancio, R.B., Durgunoglu, T., Onalp, A., Youd, T.L., Stewart, J.P., Seed, R.B., Cetin, O.K., Bol, E., Batuary, M.B., Christensen, C., Karadayilar, T., 2004. Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in Adapazari, Turkey. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 130(7):673 685. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:7(673
  • Ceryan, S. ve Ceryan, N., 2021. A new index for microzonation of eathquake prone settlement area by considering liquefaction potential and fault avoidance zone: an example casefrom Edremit (Balıkesir, Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences (14), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08573-3
  • Ceryan, S., Pijush, S., Samed, O.S., Berber, S., Tudes, G.S., Elci, H., Ceryan, N., 2023. Soil Liquefaction usceptibility of Akcay Residential Area (Biga Peninsula, Turkey) Close to North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Mining and Environment, 14(4),1141-1153. 10.22044/jme.2023.13145.2395
  • Cetin, K.O., Der Kiureghian, A., Seed, R.B., 2002. Probabilistic Models for the Initiation of Seismic Soil Liquefaction. Structural Safety 24:67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(02)00036-X
  • Cetin, K.O., Seed, R.B., Kayen, R.E., Moss, R.E.S., Bilge, H.T., Ilgac, M., Chowdhury, K., 2018a. SPT-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering hazard. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.012
  • Cetin, K.O., Seed, R.B., Kayen, E.K., Moss, R.E.S., Bilge, H.T., Ilgaz, M., Chowdhury, K., 2018b. Examination of differences between three SPT-based seismic soil liquefaction triggering relationships. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 113:75–86.

Liquefaction Susceptibility of Altınova District Coast (Ayvalık, Balıkesir)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 77 - 101, 29.08.2025

Öz

Balikesir province Ayvalık district (Balıkesir, Turkey), the study area, is located on the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone where some earthquake, 1867 Edremit (M=7.0), 1919 Ayvalik-Sarmisakli (Mw= 7.2), 1944 Edremit (Mw=6.4) and 1953 Yenice (Mw= 7.2) earthquakes, occurred in the historical and the instrumental period. The groundwater depth is very low on the coast of Altınova neighborhood of Ayvalık district and sandy soil are widespread. In this study, liquefaction potential and liquefaction severity maps of the coastal part of Altınova district (Ayvalık, Balıkesir) were produced. The safety factor of the soil layers against liquefaction was calculated with the simplified procedure using the SPT-N value. In this study, spatial distributions of safety factor against liquefaction, liquefaction probabilities and corrected SPT-N values of soil layers at 4, 8, 12 and 16 m were found. According to the liquefaction potential map, it is seen that 11.8% of the study area will not liquefy. 64.1% of the study area has "low", 20.5% "medium" and 3.6% "high" liquefaction potential. Of the 4723 buildings in the study area, 584 are in areas where there will be no liquefaction, 3034 are in areas with low liquefaction potential, 909 are in areas with medium liquefaction potential and 196 are in areas with high liquefaction potential. According to the liquefaction intensity map produced in this study, it is seen that in the event of a scenario earthquake, there will be no liquefaction in 1.3% of the study area, liquefaction will develop with “very low intensity” in 33.3%, liquefaction will develop with “low intensity” in 65% and “moderate intensity” in 0.3%.

Proje Numarası

2024/009

Kaynakça

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1988. Engineering seismology. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics 17:1–105
  • Analiz Mühendislik İnşaat Sondajcılık Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret Limited Şirketi, 2017. Balıkesir İli Ayvalık İlçesi 3125.83 Hektarlık Alanın İmar Planına Esas Mikrobölgeleme Etüt Raporu, İstanbul
  • Andrus, R.D., Piratheepan, P., Ellis, E., Zhang, J., Juang, C.H., 2004. Comparing liquefaction evaluation methods using penetration-Vs relationships. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 24(9–10): 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.001
  • Andrus, R.D. & Stokoe, K.H., 1997. Liquefaction resistance based on shear wave velocity. NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, Technical Report NCEER-97-0022
  • Andrus, R.D. & Stokoe, K.H., 2000. Liquefaction resistance of soils from shear wave velocity. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 126(11):1015–1025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:11(1015)
  • Andrus, R.D., Stokoe, K.H., Chung, R.M., 1999. Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedure, NISTIR 6277. Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg
  • Anon, 2016. State of the art and practice in the assessment of earthquake-ınduced soil liquefaction and ıts consequences. A report of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, pp.297. https://doi.org/10.17226/23474
  • Arango, I., 1996. Magnitude scaling factors for soil liquefaction evaluations. J Geotech Eng 122(11):929-936. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:11(929)
  • Beroya, M.A.A., Aydin, A., Tiglao, R., Lasala, M., 2009. Use of microtremor in liquefaction hazard mapping. Engineering Geology 107 140–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.05.009
  • Boulanger, R.W. & Idriss, I.M., 2012. Probabilistic standard penetration test–based lique¬faction–triggering procedure. J Geotech Geoenviron 138(10):1185–95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000700
  • Boulanger, R.W. & Idriss, I.M., 2015. Magnitude scaling factors in liquefaction triggering procedures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 79(B):296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.004
  • Bray, J.D., Sancio, R.B., Durgunoglu, T., Onalp, A., Youd, T.L., Stewart, J.P., Seed, R.B., Cetin, O.K., Bol, E., Batuary, M.B., Christensen, C., Karadayilar, T., 2004. Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in Adapazari, Turkey. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 130(7):673 685. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:7(673
  • Ceryan, S. ve Ceryan, N., 2021. A new index for microzonation of eathquake prone settlement area by considering liquefaction potential and fault avoidance zone: an example casefrom Edremit (Balıkesir, Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences (14), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08573-3
  • Ceryan, S., Pijush, S., Samed, O.S., Berber, S., Tudes, G.S., Elci, H., Ceryan, N., 2023. Soil Liquefaction usceptibility of Akcay Residential Area (Biga Peninsula, Turkey) Close to North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Mining and Environment, 14(4),1141-1153. 10.22044/jme.2023.13145.2395
  • Cetin, K.O., Der Kiureghian, A., Seed, R.B., 2002. Probabilistic Models for the Initiation of Seismic Soil Liquefaction. Structural Safety 24:67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(02)00036-X
  • Cetin, K.O., Seed, R.B., Kayen, R.E., Moss, R.E.S., Bilge, H.T., Ilgac, M., Chowdhury, K., 2018a. SPT-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering hazard. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.012
  • Cetin, K.O., Seed, R.B., Kayen, E.K., Moss, R.E.S., Bilge, H.T., Ilgaz, M., Chowdhury, K., 2018b. Examination of differences between three SPT-based seismic soil liquefaction triggering relationships. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 113:75–86.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uygulamalı Jeoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şener Ceryan 0000-0002-1927-6985

Ayşegül Kılıç 0009-0002-2932-4132

Samet Berber 0000-0002-8747-9346

Nurcihan Ceryan 0000-0002-1657-1102

Proje Numarası 2024/009
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Ceryan Ş, Kılıç A, Berber S, Ceryan N (01 Ağustos 2025) Altınova Mahallesi Sahilinin (Ayvalık, Balıkesir) Sıvılaşma Duyarlılığı. Yerbilimleri 46 2 77–101.