THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROLE OF THE HORN FROM A SOCIO-MUSICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: FOCUSING ON SYMPHONIES OF THE CLASSICAL AND ROMANTIC PERIODS

Abstract

Abstract This study focuses on analyzing the works of key composers from the Classical and Romantic periods, including Beethoven, Mozart, Haydn, Berlioz, Mahler, Strauss, and others. By applying socio-musicological theory, it examines the acceptance and use of the French horn in symphonic music, revealing the creative intentions and social contexts faced by composers, as well as how they interacted with society. The study reconsiders the evolving role of the French horn and its socio-cultural significance. By using socio-musicological theory, the role of the French horn can be interpreted within its social and cultural context, highlighting the instrument’s long history and broad socio-cultural impact.

Keywords

• Horn symphony
• performance techniques
• romanticism
• classicism
• socio-musicology

SOSYO-MÜZİKOLOJİK BİR PERSPEKTİFTEN KORNO ROLÜNÜN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: KLASİK VE ROMANTİK DÖNEM SENFONİLERİNE ODAKLANMA

Öz

Bu çalışma, Fransız kornosunun Klasik ve Romantik dönemlerdeki senfonik müzikteki rolünü sosyo-müzikolojik bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Beethoven, Mozart, Haydn, Berlioz, Mahler ve Strauss gibi bestecilerin eserlerini analiz ederek, teknolojik gelişmelerin (örneğin, valf sistemleri) ve sosyo-kültürel değişimlerin, kornonun armonik bir destek aracından duygusal ve tematik bir ifade aracına nasıl evrildiğini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, Theodor W. Adorno, Tia DeNora ve Georg Simmel’in teorilerini birleştirerek müzik, sosyal sınıf ve kültürel kimlik arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, kornonun aristokratik kültürdeki sembolik önemini, Romantik dönemdeki demokratikleşme sürecini ve toplumsal değişimlerin yansıması olarak oynadığı rolü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, Fransız kornosunun diğer müzik türleri ve dönemlerdeki sosyo-kültürel etkilerini araştırmak için daha fazla disiplinlerarası çalışma yapılması gerektiğini savunarak sona ermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Korno senfonisi
• performans teknikleri
• romantizm
• clasizm
• sosyo-müzikoloji

References

1. Adorno, T. W. (1976). Introduction to the sociology of music. Continuum.
2. Atwell, B. W. (1999). History of the natural French horn quartet in selected works from the symphonic literature, chamber music, and opera: from the Baroque to the Romantic period. University of Cincinnati.
3. Bergman, J. (2016). A comparative analysis of Haydn’s French horn concerto and Trumpet concerto (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas).
4. Bryan, P. R. (2002). Mozart’s Use of French horns in B and the Question of Alto-Basso in the Eighteenth Century. Historic Brass Society Journal, 14, 165-92.
5. Campbell Marlane Elizabeth, "Historically Informed French horn Playing in the Early Eighteenth Century Tradition", (Ph. Dr. Diss., University of Sydney, 2019)
6. Charles Rosen, The Romantic Generation, (Harvard University Press, 1998).
7. CooK, D. (2001). Adorno on Mass Societies. Journal of social philosophy, 32(1),75-93.
8. DeNora, Tia. Beethoven and the Construction of Genius: Musical Politics in Vienna, 1792-1803.University of California Press, 1995.

9. DeNora, Tia. (2003). After Adorno: Rethinking music sociology. Cambridge University Press.
10. Eva Marie Heater, "Early hunting French horn calls and their transmission: Some new discoveries. "Historic Brass Society Journal 7 (1995): 123-141.
11. Hugh Fitzpatrick, "The Valveless French horn in Modern Performances of Eighteenth-Century Music," Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, Vol. 91. (January 1964), 45-60.
12. Hyun, Taek-Soo. “Sociology of 19th Century Opera and Symphony.” Romantic Music, (1996), 107-134.
13. Jung, Woo-Jin. (2009). "Adorno and Beethoven: Towards an Immanent Musical Analysis." Aesthetics, 58, 79-112.
14. Lee, D. (2019). French Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments. Knowledge Organization, 47(1), 72-91
15. Mele, V. (2011). Origin, meaning and relevance of Georg Simmel’s sociological aesthetics. Sociology, Asthetics & the City, 31-57.
16. Palmer, R. J. (2020). The Modern Application of Natural French horn Technique in French horn Performance (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).
17. Ray A, Douglas C, Nancy H, Jeffrey T. (2015). Music: It’s language, history, and culture. Kendall Hunt Pub Co; Revised edition.
18. Simmel, G. (1909). The problem of sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 15(3), 289–320.
19. Snedeker, J. (2021). French horn teaching at the Paris Conservatoire, 1792 to 1903: the transition from natural French horn to valved French horn. Routledge.
20. Son, Hyun-Kyung. (2015). An Analysis and Performance Techniques of Mozart's Horn Concerto, K.495. Master's Thesis, Dankook University.
21. Stephen, J. D. (2010). Haydn: the French horn, the Hunt, and Hand-stopping. Historic Brass Society Journal, 22, 55-74.
22. Shepherd, J. (2003). [Translation] Sociology of Music. Romantic Music, 1-28.
23. Tom Brown, "The Hunting French horn and the Classic Style," The French horn Call, 10 (1980), 38-51.
24. West, N., & Ramsey, G. (2020, December). Physics of the French horn. In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (Vol. 42, No. 1).AIP Publishing.