MÜZİK VE KİMLİK KRİZİ: ERGENLİK, TRAVMA VE DİASPORİK BAĞLAM

Öz

ÖZ Müziğin varoluşundan günümüze insanların üstündeki etkisi ve duygu durumlarına psikolojik katkısı hep var olmuştur. Doğumdan ölüme ve sonrasına kadar insanlara eşlik eden müzik, bu süreç içerisinde bireysel, toplumsal ve kültürel olarak duygu durumlarının hemen hepsinde insanların yanı başında olmuştur. Bireyin benliğinin yeniden inşasında ve sosyolojik bağlarının güçlendirilmesinde önemli yapı taşlarından birisi olan müziğin tercih edilen seçilimleri (dinleme, çalma, söyleme ve besteleme) sosyal-bilişsel ve psikolojik süreçlerle ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, müzik ve kimlik krizi arasındaki ilişkiler incelenerek, ergenlik dönemi, travma sonrası ve diasporik hareketlilik sonrası gibi kimlik krizinin en sık karşılaşıldığı durumlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Müzik, kimlik krizi içerisinde yer alan bireylerin kendini ifade etme içinde bulunduğu durumu çevresine duyurma ve doğal olarak kendisini kabul ettirme süreçleri içerisinde bir ifade aracı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, müzik türlerinin, sözlerin ve kültürel bağlamın kimlik krizini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Müzik
• kimlik krizi
• ergenlik
• travma
• diasporik bağlam.

MUSIC AND IDENTITY CRISIS: ADOLESCENCE, TRAUMA, AND THE DIASPORIC CONTEXT

Abstract

ABSTRACT From its origins to the present day, music has always influenced people and contributed psychologically to their emotional states. Accompanying individuals from birth to death and even beyond, music has remained by people’s side in almost every emotional state, at individual, social, and cultural levels. Music, as one of the key components in the reconstruction of the self and the reinforcement of sociological ties, is deeply intertwined with social-cognitive and psychological processes through its selected modes of engagement-listening, performing, singing, and composing. This study examines the relationship between music and identity crises, focusing on periods in which such crises are most commonly encountered, including adolescence, post-traumatic experiences, and diasporic mobility. Music emerges as a means of expression for individuals experiencing an identity crisis, serving as a tool through which they convey their situation to their environment and seek acceptance. This study, which employs qualitative research methods, reveals how musical genres, lyrics, and cultural context influence identity crises.

Keywords

• Music
• identity crisis
• adolescence
• trauma
• diasporic context

References

1. Ahonen, H. (2016). Adult trauma work in music therapy. The Oxford handbook of music therapy, 1990, 268. Bennett, A. (2000). Popular music and youth culture: Music, identity and place. https://www.jstor.org/stable/853595
2. Benet-Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural identity integration (BII): Components and psychological antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73, 1015–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00337.x
3. Bensimon, M. (2022). Integration of trauma in music therapy: A qualitative study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(3), 367. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001032
4. Bensimon, M., Amir, D., & Wolf, Y. (2008). Drumming through trauma: Music therapy with post-traumatic soldiers. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35 (1), 34-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2007.09.00
5. Berry, J. W. (2001). A psychology of immigration. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00231
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç, Ç. E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2008). Scientific research methods. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
7. Branje, S., De Moor, E. L., Spitzer, J., & Becht, A. I. (2021). Dynamics of identity development in adolescence: A decade in review. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 908-927. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12678
8. Breger, L. (1974). From instinct to identity: The development of personality.

9. Cohen, S. (1991). Rock Culture in Liverpool: Popular Music in the Making Oxford: Clarendon/Oxford Univ. Pres.
10. Crocetti, E. (2017). Identity formation in adolescence: The dynamic of forming and consolidating identity commitments. Child Development Perspectives, 11(2), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12226
11. Cropley, A. (2002). Qualitative research methods: An introduction for students of psychology and education. University of Latvia: Zinatne.
12. Crooke, AHD, Thompson, WF, Fraser, T., & Davidson, J. (2023). Music, social cohesion, and intercultural understanding: A conceptual framework for intercultural music engagement. Musicae Scientiae, 28 (1), 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649231157099
13. Ćuk, M. (2020). Elusive better Future: Identity crisis among ımmigrants in yesterday’s people. Etnoantropološki problemi/Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, 15(1), 155-173. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i1.6
14. Dağdeviren, M. (2024). Religious Music of the Arguvan Region from a Cultural Perspective. Ankara: Akademisyen Publishing.
15. Denora, T. (2000). Music in Everyday Life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Erdal, B., & Kındap Tepe, Y. (2017). A study on the effect of mood on musical preferences among introverts and extroverts and the emotions evoked by music. Journal of Academic Social Research, 5(57), 54–75.
17. Erikson, E. H. (1951). Sex differences in the play configurations of preadolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 21(4), 667.
18. Erikson E (1968) Identity, Youth, and Crisis. New York: Norton.
19. Erşanlı, B. (2012). An analysis of the language of Arabesque music video clips as a reflection of a subculture. Journal of Life Sciences, 1(1), 117–123.
20. Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2018). Religion and national identification in Europe: Comparing Muslim youth in Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49, 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117741988
21. Frith, S. (1996a). Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music, Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts
22. Frith, S. (1996b). Music and identity. In S. Hall & P. Du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp. 108–127). Sage Publications, Inc.
23. Güner, N. (1998). Ergenlerin dinledikleri müzik türü ile saldırganlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. VII. Ulusal Egitim Bilimleri Kongresi, 9- 11 Eylül, Konya, Cilt 1: 291-299.
24. Hirsh, J. B., & Kang, S. K. (2016). Mechanisms of identity conflict uncertainty, anxiety, and the behavioral inhibition system. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20, 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315589475
25. Krüger, V., & Stige, B. (2015). Between rights and realities–music as a structuring resource in child welfare everyday life: A qualitative study. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 24(2), 99-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2014.890242
26. Landis-Shack, N., Heinz, A. J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2017). Music therapy for posttraumatic stress in adults: A theoretical review. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 27(4), 334.
27. Lefebvre, H. (2021), Dialectical Materialism, (Translated by B. Yıldırım), 2nd Edition. Istanbul: Sel Publishing.
28. Li, L., Li, Y., Wu, J., & Gao, H. (2023). Emotional resonance and identity recognition in Chinese late adolescent digital music consumption. Media and Communication, 11(4), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i4.7099
29. Linnemanna, A., Ditzenb, B., Strahlera, J., Doerra, J. M., Natera, U. M. (2015). Music Listening As A Means Of Stress Reduction İn Daily Life. University of Marburg, Department of Psychology, Marburg, Germany 82-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.008
30. McFerran, K. S., Lai, H. I. C., Chang, W. H., Chin, T. C., Stokes, H., & Crooke, A. H. D. (2020). Music, rhythm and trauma: A critical interpretive synthesis of research literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 527455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00324
31. North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Music and adolescent identity. Music Education Research, 1(1), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461380990010107
32. Özdemir, M. (2020). The songs sing you: Musical nostalgia in everyday life. Galatasaray University Journal of Communication, 32, 7–31.
33. Peterson R. A, & Bennett A. (2004) Introducing music scenes. In: Bennett A, Peterson RA (eds) Music Scenes: Local, Trans-local, Virtual. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
34. Portalla, T., & Chen, M. (2010). The Development and Validation of the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale. Intercultural Communication Studies, 3, 21-37.
35. Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2006). Message in a ballad: The role of music preferences in interpersonal perception. Psychological Science, 17(3), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01691.x
36. Rice, T. (2007). Reflections on music and identity in ethnomusicology. Muzikologija, 1(7), 17-38.
37. Sacks, O. (2023). Musicophilia - Tales of Music and the Brain. (Translated by Kovulmaz, B.), Yapı Kredi Publications.
38. Sart, G. (2017). Phenomenology and interpretive phenomenological analysis. Designing qualitative research. F. N. Seggie, Y. Bayyurt (Ed.), In Qualitative Research Methods, Techniques, Analysis and Approaches (pp. 70-82), Anı Publications.
39. Sawyer SM & Azzopardi PS & Wickremarathne D & Patton GC (2018) The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2(3): 223–228.
40. Schramm, A. R. (1989). Music and tradition: From native to adopted land through the refugee experience. Yearbook for Traditional Music, 21, 25-35.
41. Schwartz, K. D., & Fouts, G. T. (2003). Music preferences, personality style, and developmental issues of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022547520656
42. Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., & Weisskirch, R. S. (2008). Broadening the study of the self: Integrating the study of personal identity and cultural identity. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), 635-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00077.x
43. Slater, M. D., & Henry, K. L. (2013). Prospective influence of music-related media exposure on adolescent substance-use initiation: a peer group mediation model. Journal of Health Communication, 18(3), 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.727959
44. Stokes, M. (1994) Ethnicity, Identity and Music: The Musical Construction of Place. Edited by Martin Stokes. Oxford/ Providence.
45. Şahin, N. (2018). The relationship between music and identity in the context of migration: The case of Turkish-German young women. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 38(1), 179–197.
46. Ter Bogt, T. F., Keijsers, L., & Meeus, W. H. (2013). Early adolescent music preferences and minor delinquency. Pediatrics, 131(2), e380-e389. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0708
47. Toprak, M. (2019). The changing social phenomenon of unchanging identity. Nişantaşı University Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 110–123.
48. Turino, T. (2008). Music as social life: The politics of participation. University of Chicago Press.
49. Verkuyten, M. (2016). Further conceptualizing ethnic and racial identity research: The social identity approach and its dynamic model. Child Development, 87, 1796–1812. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12555
50. Waterman, A. S. (2020). “Now what do I do?“: Toward a conceptual understanding of the effects of traumatic events on identity functioning. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.11.005
51. Yasa, A., Kuş, A. S., & Sayan, N. (2022). Digital natives as new consumers: The effect of role models on behavioral intention among Generation Z. International Journal of Management, Economics and Business, 18(3), 925–955.
52. Yazgan İnanç, B., & Yerlikaya, E. E. (2016). Personality theories (12th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
53. Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2011) Qualitative Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Updated and Revised 8th Edition, Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
54. Zheng, S. de S. (1990). Music and migration: Chinese American traditional music in New York City. The World of Music, 32(3), 48-67.