CHINESE ZITHER SE IN ANCIENT AND TRADITIONAL MUSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CULTURES OF TURKISH, MONGOLIAN AND TUNGUSKA-MANCHU ETHNIC GROUPS

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 510 - 533, 31.12.2024

Iryna Zinkiv , Jiaqi Ren

https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1543588

Abstract

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the dynamic development of the guzheng zither of medieval and folk instruments of Inner Mongolia, Manchuria (North and North-East China), Mongolia, the Far East and Southern Siberia (Russian Federation), the original prototype of which is one of the oldest string plucked instruments in China – the se zither (瑟). The purpose of the study was to investigate the design features and tuning methods of se zither (瑟). A system of scientific research methods was used, namely organological analysis, comparison, deduction, and abstraction. As a result of the study, it was found that the se zither (瑟) differs from the classical Chinese zither qín (琴). Given the study of historical and archaeological sources of the 7th – 2nd centuries BCE, the oldest area of distribution of the xie zither was found within the ancient kingdom of Chu (6th – early 2nd century BCE), whose population was ethnically different from the Huaxia Chinese, and its modification, the zheng zither (箏), during the Qin dynasty (771 – 221 BCE). In addition, the ways of its infiltration into the medieval instrumentation of the ancient peoples of these regions of Central and South-East Asia were determined. The shape, design features, and the method of tuning with movable stands have established the genetic connection of this type of zither with ancient and traditional instruments of Turkic and Mongolian ethnic groups and its infiltration into the medieval court instruments of the Tunguska-Manchu.

Keywords

Musicarchaeology, Organology, Chinese archaeological and folk instruments, Zithers, Se, Chuse, Qín, Zheng, Chathan, Jetigan, Yatga

TÜRK, MOĞOL VE TUNGUSKA-MANÇU ETNİK GRUPLARININ ESKİ VE GELENEKSEL MÜZİKAL VE ENSTRÜMENTAL KÜLTÜRLERİNDE ÇİN ZİTHERİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın önemi, orijinal prototipi Çin'deki en eski telli çalgılardan biri olan se zither (瑟) olan İç Moğolistan, Mançurya (Kuzey ve Kuzeydoğu Çin), Moğolistan, Uzak Doğu ve Güney Sibirya (Rusya Federasyonu) ortaçağ ve halk çalgılarının guzheng zitherinin dinamik gelişimi ile ilgilidir. Çalışmanın amacı, se zither'in (瑟) tasarım özelliklerini ve akort yöntemlerini araştırmaktır. Organolojik analiz, karşılaştırma, çıkarım ve soyutlama gibi bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden oluşan bir sistem kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, se zither'in (瑟) klasik Çin zither'i qín'den (琴) farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. M.Ö. 7. - 2. yüzyıllara ait tarihi ve arkeolojik kaynaklar incelendiğinde, xie zitherinin en eski yayılma alanı, nüfusu etnik olarak Huaxia Çinlilerinden farklı olan antik Chu krallığı (M.Ö. 6. - 2. yüzyılın başları) ve onun bir modifikasyonu olan zheng zither (箏), Qin hanedanlığı (M.Ö. 771 - 221) döneminde bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak, Orta ve Güneydoğu Asya'nın bu bölgelerindeki eski halkların ortaçağ enstrümanlarına sızma yolları belirlenmiştir. Şekil, tasarım özellikleri ve hareketli ayaklarla akort etme yöntemi, bu kanun türünün Türk ve Moğol etnik gruplarının eski ve geleneksel enstrümanlarıyla genetik bağlantısını ve Tunguska-Mançu'nun ortaçağ saray enstrümanlarına sızdığını ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Müzikarkeoloji, Organoloji, Çin arkeolojik ve halk çalgıları, Zithers, Se, Chuse, Qín, Zheng, Chathan, Jetigan, Yatga

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