Investigating The Relationship on CO2, Tourism, Economic Growth and Trade Openness in Turkey

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals on CO₂ emissions by considering the period 1970 through to 2014. For this purpose, firstly, by analyzing the stability of the variables, it was determined that the variables were stationary at level I (1). After the variables were determined to be stationary at I (1), the ARDL boundary test analysis was performed. The cointegration relation was determined according to the ARDL boundary test analysis. In addition, the long-term coefficients of the variables are positive and significant. According to the VECM Granger causality analysis, there was found to be a causality in Turkey between economic growth and CO₂ emissions, between trade openness and CO₂ emissions, between tourist arrivals and CO₂ emissions and between trade openness and economic growth. According to the long-term causality results, there is a relationship of causality between economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals and CO₂ emissions.

Keywords

• Tourism
• CO2 Emission
• Economic Growth
• Trade Openness
• Turkey

Türkiye'de CO2, Turizm, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Dışa Açıklık İlişkilerin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1970 ile 2014 dönemi arasında Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme, dışa açıklık ve turist sayısının CO₂ emisyonu üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle değişkenlerin durağanlıkları analiz edilerek değişkenlerin I(1) mertebede durağan oldukları belirlenmiştir. Değişkenlerin I(1) mertebede durağan oldukları belirlendikten sonra ARDL sınır testi analizine geçilmiştir. ARDL sınır testi analizine göre eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca değişkenlerin uzun dönem katsayıları pozitif ve anlamlıdır. VECM Granger nedensellik analizine göre Türkiye’de ekonomik büyümeden CO₂ emisyonuna doğru, dışa açıklıktan CO₂ emisyonuna doğru, turist sayısından CO₂ emisyonuna doğru ve dışa açıklıktan ekonomik büyümeye doğru nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem nedensellik sonuçlarına göre ekonomik büyüme, dışa açıklık ve turist sayısından CO₂ emisyonuna doğru nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. 

Keywords

• Turizm
• CO2 Emisyonu
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Dış Açıklık
• Türkiye

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