Türk Yükseköğretim Alanı İçin Gerekli Bir Kavram: "Rekabet"

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pt 2, 375 - 386, 31.08.2021

Oya Aydın

https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.685313

Abstract

2000 yılında 71 üniversitesi ve 1.500.000 üniversite öğrencisi olan Türkiye, bugün, 200'den fazla üniversitesi ve 7 milyonun üzerinde öğrencisi olan geniş bir yükseköğretim alanına sahiptir. Yaşanan bu sayısal genişleme, birtakım avantajlar sağladığı gibi bazı sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Genel anlamda en büyük problem "kalite" konusunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kalitenin bu genişlemeye paralel bir şekilde gelişim gösterip göstermediği, düşünülmesi gereken en önemli hususlardan birisidir. Bu makale ile Türkiye'de yükseköğretim alanında yaşanan niceliksel gelişmenin, niteliksel bir gelişme ile desteklenebilmesi için yükseköğretim kurumlarının "rekabet" konusuna odaklanması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bunun için, öncelikle, Türkiye yükseköğretim alanı geçmişten günümüze genel bir çerçeve içerisinde ele alınmıştır. Sonra, "rekabet" kavramının Türkiye yükseköğretim alanı için önemi vurgulanarak literatürdeki iki temel rekabet kuramı incelenmiştir. Ardından, bu kuramların yükseköğretim alanında nasıl karşılık bulabileceği literatür çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş ve bu değerlendirme sonucu elde edilen faktörler ile teorik bir model ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Kaynak Temelli Yaklaşım, Porter Beş Güç Modeli, rekabet, rekabet avantajı, stratejik yönetim, yükseköğretimde performans ölçütleri, yükseköğretimde rekabet analizi

An Essential Concept for the Turkish Higher Education Area: "Competition"

Abstract

In 2000, Turkey had 1.5 million university students at 71 universities, whereas today, it has a much broader field of higher education with a university student population of over seven million at more than 200 universities. Although this quantitative expansion has brought some advantages, it has also created several problems, the most significant of which have emerged in terms of "quality". Whether quality increases in parallel with this expansion is an essential issue to consider. This paper emphasizes that HE institutions need to focus on "competition" to support the quantitative expansion in the field of Turkish HE with qualitative improvement. For this purpose, first, the state of the Turkish HE was overviewed from past to present. Next, the importance of "competition" for Turkish HE was highlighted and the two fundamental theories of competition were discussed by reviewing the related literature. Finally, a theoretical model based on the factors obtained through an assessment of how these theories can be applied to HE was presented.

Keywords

Competition, competitive advantage, competition analysis for higher education, performance criteria in higher education, Resource-Based View, Porter Five Forces Model, strategic management

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