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Pandemi Sürecinde Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Uzaktan Eğitim: İletişim Akademisyenlerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Bakışı

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 89 - 101, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.744061

Abstract

Çin’den başlayarak dünyayı saran pandemi (Covid-19) sürecinde toplumsal, siyasal ve ekonomik birçok alanda “yeni normaller” belirdi. Başta eğitim alanında olmak üzere yeni uygulamalara geçilirken, Türkiye’de 16 Mart 2020 tarihi itibariyle 2020–2021 eğitim dönemi bahar yarıyılının uzaktan eğitimle tamamlanmasına karar verildi. Uzaktan eğitim sürecindeki sorunlar ve tespitler bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de iletişim fakültelerinde eğitim veren iletişim akademisyenlerinin pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan eğitim tecrübeleri kapsamında incelendi. Eğitim ve iletişim ilişkisi bağlamında ele alınan çalışmada iletişim akademisyenlerinin uzaktan eğitimle ilgili tespitlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Nitel ve nicel veri elde etmek üzere e-posta yoluyla anket tekniği uygulanan araştırma, 65 iletişim fakültesinden (vakıf ve devlet) eğitim veren 1100 iletişim akademisyeni içerisinde örneklemi oluşturan 91 katılımcıya ulaşılarak yürütüldü. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular; (i) İletişim koşullarına ilişkin ölçütler, (ii) Yüz yüze eğitim metotlarına ilişkin önermelere katılım düzeyleri, (iii) Uzaktan eğitim metotlarına ilişkin önermelere katılım düzeyleri, (iv) Uzaktan eğitimin verimliliğine ilişkin katılım düzeyleri ve (v) Ders içeriklerine göre eğitim metotlarına bakış başlıklı 5’li Likert ölçeği ve pandemi sırasında uzaktan eğitim sürecinin genel değerlendirmesini içeren nitel veriler kapsamında analiz edildi. Frekans testleri, betimleyici testler ve nitel veriler doğrultusunda analiz edilen çalışma sonucunda iletişim tercihlerinin eğitim metotlarının verimliliğini belirlemede önemli bir faktör olarak öne çıktığı saptandı. İletişim akademisyenleri tarafından yüz yüze eğitim modeli verimlilik açısından uzaktan eğitime göre tercih edilirken, uzaktan eğitimin başarısı ise görsel, sesli ve yazılı materyallerin kullanılması koşullarına bağlanmıştır. Diğer taraftan uzaktan eğitim ve yüz yüze eğitim modellerinin başarısının, dersin niteliğine (uygulamalı-teorik) göre değişkenlik arz ettiği saptanmıştır.

References

  • Baran, E., Correira, A. P., & Thompson, A. (2011). Transforming online teaching practice: Critical analysis of the literature on the roles and competencies of online teachers. Distance Education, 32(3), 421–439.
  • Baran, M. (2018). Professional Development in the transition to online teaching: The voice of entrant online instructors. ReCALL, 30(1), 88–111.
  • Baş, T. (2005). Anket nasıl hazırlanır? Nasıl uygulanır? Nasıl değerlendirilir? Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Berge, Z., & Collins, M. (1995). Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom in distance learning. Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, 2(4), 6.
  • Clark, T. (1993). Attitudes of higher education faculty toward distance education: A national survey. The American Jounal of Distance Education, 7(2), 19–33.
  • Cutri, R. M., & Mena, J. (2020). A critical reconceptualization of faculty readiness for online teaching. Distance Education, 41(3), 361–380.
  • Esgice Gündüz, M., Kurşun, E., Karaman, S., & Demirel, T. (2020). Problems, expectations, and amendments regarding distance education legislation in higher education institutions in Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(4), 173–194.
  • Jacquinot-Delaunay, G. (2016). Eğitim ve iletişim arasındaki ilişkiler (H. Köse, Çev.). İletişim bilimlerinin unutulmuş kökenleri (J. Perriault, Derl.) içinde (s. 61–70). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Jonassen, D., Davidson, M., Collins, M., Campbell, J., & Bannan Haag, B. (1995). Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7–26.
  • Kaya, Z. (2002). Uzaktan eğitim. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Kirkwood, A. (2014). Teaching and learning with technology in higher education: Blended and distance education needs ‘joined-up thinking’ rather than technological determinism. Open Learning, 29(3), 206–221.
  • Kreber, C., & Kanuka, H. (2006). The scholarship of teaching and learning and the online classroom. Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education, 32(2), 109–131.
  • Öztürk, D. S., Öztürk, F., & Özen, R. (2018). The relationship between prospective teachers’ readiness and satisfactions about internet-based distance education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(1), 147–162.
  • Sumner, J. (2000). Serving the system: A critical history of distance education. Open Learning, 15(3), 267–285.
  • Temel, F., & Önürmen, O. (2017). Gelenekselin dönüşümünde iletişim akademisyenleri ve sosyal medya. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (E-GİFDER), 5(1), 292–313.
  • Terblanche, E. (2015). Deciding to teach online: Communication, opportunities and challenges for educators in distance education. Communicatio, 41(4), 543–563. Tight, M. (1987). Mixing distance and face-to-face higher education. Open Learning, 2(1), 14–18.
  • Tight, M. (1987). Mixing distance and face-to-face higher education. Open Learning, 2(1), 14–18.

Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions during the Pandemic: Communication Academics’ Perspectives

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 89 - 101, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.744061

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic, which started in China and has spread all over the world, has had various social, political and economic consequences. With new measures implemented due to this pandemic in Turkey, particularly in the field of education, the 2020–2021 spring semester was officially declared to be completed through distance education, effective as of March 16, 2020. In this study, the problems in distance education were examined in the light of the distance education experiences of communication academics teaching at communication faculties in Turkey during the pandemic. Focusing on the relationship between education and communication, the study aimed to reveal communication academic staff’s evaluation and views of distance education. The research, which used a questionnaire to obtain qualitative and quantitative data, was carried out by reaching 91 participants, who constitute a sample of 1100 communication academics who teach at 65 communication faculties (private and state), by e-mail. The results were analyzed through 5-point Likert scales under the categories titled (i) Criteria for communication conditions, (ii) Levels of agreement with propositions related to face-to-face education methods, (iii) Levels of agreement with propositions of distance education methods, (iv) Levels of agreement with the effectiveness of distance education, and (v) Perspectives on the instructional methods by the content of the course, and interpreted in light of the qualitative data about the general assessment of the distance education process during the pandemic. Analysis results of frequency tests, descriptive tests and qualitative data showed that communication preferences were an important factor in determining the efficiency of training methods. While the face-to-face education model is preferred over distance education due to its efficiency by communication academics, they attribute the success of distance education to using visual, audio and written materials. In addition, the success of distance education and face-to-face education models was found to vary by the nature of the course (applied-theoretical).

References

  • Baran, E., Correira, A. P., & Thompson, A. (2011). Transforming online teaching practice: Critical analysis of the literature on the roles and competencies of online teachers. Distance Education, 32(3), 421–439.
  • Baran, M. (2018). Professional Development in the transition to online teaching: The voice of entrant online instructors. ReCALL, 30(1), 88–111.
  • Baş, T. (2005). Anket nasıl hazırlanır? Nasıl uygulanır? Nasıl değerlendirilir? Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Berge, Z., & Collins, M. (1995). Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom in distance learning. Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, 2(4), 6.
  • Clark, T. (1993). Attitudes of higher education faculty toward distance education: A national survey. The American Jounal of Distance Education, 7(2), 19–33.
  • Cutri, R. M., & Mena, J. (2020). A critical reconceptualization of faculty readiness for online teaching. Distance Education, 41(3), 361–380.
  • Esgice Gündüz, M., Kurşun, E., Karaman, S., & Demirel, T. (2020). Problems, expectations, and amendments regarding distance education legislation in higher education institutions in Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(4), 173–194.
  • Jacquinot-Delaunay, G. (2016). Eğitim ve iletişim arasındaki ilişkiler (H. Köse, Çev.). İletişim bilimlerinin unutulmuş kökenleri (J. Perriault, Derl.) içinde (s. 61–70). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Jonassen, D., Davidson, M., Collins, M., Campbell, J., & Bannan Haag, B. (1995). Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7–26.
  • Kaya, Z. (2002). Uzaktan eğitim. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Kirkwood, A. (2014). Teaching and learning with technology in higher education: Blended and distance education needs ‘joined-up thinking’ rather than technological determinism. Open Learning, 29(3), 206–221.
  • Kreber, C., & Kanuka, H. (2006). The scholarship of teaching and learning and the online classroom. Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education, 32(2), 109–131.
  • Öztürk, D. S., Öztürk, F., & Özen, R. (2018). The relationship between prospective teachers’ readiness and satisfactions about internet-based distance education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(1), 147–162.
  • Sumner, J. (2000). Serving the system: A critical history of distance education. Open Learning, 15(3), 267–285.
  • Temel, F., & Önürmen, O. (2017). Gelenekselin dönüşümünde iletişim akademisyenleri ve sosyal medya. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (E-GİFDER), 5(1), 292–313.
  • Terblanche, E. (2015). Deciding to teach online: Communication, opportunities and challenges for educators in distance education. Communicatio, 41(4), 543–563. Tight, M. (1987). Mixing distance and face-to-face higher education. Open Learning, 2(1), 14–18.
  • Tight, M. (1987). Mixing distance and face-to-face higher education. Open Learning, 2(1), 14–18.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Original Empirical Research
Authors

Faruk Temel 0000-0001-7103-0790

Onur Önürmen 0000-0001-7500-2869

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Temel, F., & Önürmen, O. (2022). Pandemi Sürecinde Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Uzaktan Eğitim: İletişim Akademisyenlerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Bakışı. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 12(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.744061

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