Akademisyenlerin Çalışma Mutluluğu Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Araştırma: Bir Kamu Üniversitesi Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 450 - 459, 31.12.2022

Nuray Turan

https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.527484

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, akademisyenlerin çalışma mutluluğu düzeylerini ölçmek ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu amaç kapsamında karma yöntem araştırmasının kullanıldığı bir araştırma tasarlanmış ve 2018 Ekim–Aralık aylarında nicel yöntem için 206 akademisyen, nitel yöntem için ise 206 akademisyenden 141’i ile araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre çalışma mutluluğunun, araştırma görevlilerine göre öğretim üyelerinde daha yüksek olduğu; içsel doygunluğun verdiği mutluluk artışının olumsuz duyguları azalttığı ve eğitim düzeyi arttıkça çalışma mutluluğunun arttığı görülmüştür. Akademisyenlerin çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörler ise çalışma ortamı ilişkileri, çalışma koşulları, işin kendisiyle ilgili faktörler ve yönetici/yöneticilerin liderlik özellikleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitel araştırmada sıklıkla çalışma mutluluklarını olumlu etkileyen faktörleri dile getiren akademisyenlerin nicel araştırmada olumlu duygularının yüksek, olumsuz duygularının düşük; olumsuz duyguları sık sık dile getirenlerin ise olumlu duygularının düşük; olumsuz duygularının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Nitel araştırmada olumlu ve olumsuz ifadelere göre, akademisyenlerin çalışma mutluluğunu olumsuz etkileyen en önemli faktörün çalışma ortamı ilişkileri, olumlu etkileyen en önemli faktörün işin kendisi ile ilgili faktör olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akademisyen, akademisyenlerin çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörler, araştırma görevlisi, çalışma mutluluğu, öğretim üyesi, yükseköğretim kurumu

A Study on the Level of Academic Staff Happiness at Work and Factors Affecting It: A Public University Case

Öz

The aim of this study is to measure the level of academics’ happiness at work and to determine the factors affecting them. For this purpose, a research study using mixed method research was designed. The quantitative part of the research was implemented with 206 academics and the qualitative part was conducted with 141 of the 206 academics in October– December 2018. The work happiness was found to be higher in the faculty members than research assistants. It was observed that the increase in intrinsic satisfaction decreased the negative emotions and increased the happiness at work, and happiness increased with higher level of education. The factors affecting the happiness at work were identified as academics’ work environment, working conditions, factors related to the work itself and leadership characteristics of their supervisors. The qualitative data show that academics who frequently express the factors that affect their happiness at work positively have positive feelings and fewer negative emotions while those who often express negative emotions have lower positive and higher negative feelings. Based on the positive and negative statements in the qualitative data, the most important factor negatively affecting the academics’ happiness at work is the workplace relations, and the most important factor that positively affects happiness is the work itself.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Academics, factors affecting happiness at work for academics, happiness at work, higher education institution, lecturer, research assistant

Kaynakça

• Aichinger, T., Fankhauser, P., & Goodman, R. (2017). Worsening work conditions and rising levels of job satisfaction? Measuring the happiness of academics in Japan. Research in Comparative and International Education, 12(2), 213–230.
• Ambrose, S., Huston, T., & Norman, M. (2005). A qualitative method for assessing faculty satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 46(7), 803–830.
• Amirullah, M. (2017). Factors that lead to happiness at the workplace among academicians: A case of UiTM. Unpublished student project, Faculty of Business and Management, Bandaraya Melaka, Malaysia.
• Andrew, S. S. (2011). The differentiating quotient for happiness at work. Erişim adresi https://www.happiestminds.com/whitepapers/smiles-differentiating-quotient-for-happiness-at-work.pdf (3 Ocak 2019).
• Angela-Eliza, M., & Valentina, N. R. (2017). Pursuing happiness in the workplace, purpose and challenge for human resources management. “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 17(2), 419–424.
• Arslan, Y., & Polat, S. (2017). Adaptation of well-being at work scale to Turkish. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(4), 603–622.
• Aziz, R., Mustaffa, S., Samah, N. A., & Yusof, R. (2014). Personality and happiness among academicians in Malaysia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116(1), 4209–4212.
• Baruch, Y., Swartz M., Sirkis, S., Mirecki I., & Barak, Y. (2013). Staff happiness and work satisfaction in a tertiary psychiatric centre. Occupational Medicine, 63(6), 442–444.
• Best University Workplace Survey (2016). Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/best-university-workplace-survey-2016-results.pdf (12 Aralık 2018).
• Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods and practices. Textbooks Collection 3. Erişim adres http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 (26 Ocak 2019).
• Bozeman, B., & Gaughan, M. (2011). Job satisfaction among university faculty: Individual, work, and institutional determinants. The Journal of Higher Education, 82(2), 154–186.
• Byrne, M., Chughtai, A. A., Flood, B., & Willis, P. (2012). Job satisfaction among accounting and finance academics: Empirical evidence from Irish higher education institutions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34(2), 153–167.
• Chaiprasit, K., & Santidhiraku, O. (2011). Happiness at work of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises, Thailand. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 25(1), 189–200.
• Creswell, J. M., & Plano Clark V. L. (2015). Karma yöntem araştırmaları tasarımı ve yürütülmesi (Y. Dede, & S. B. Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• De Neve, J-E., & Ward, G. (2017). Happiness at work. CEP Discussion Paper No 1474. London: Center for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science.
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.
• Dillon, C. M., & Carr, J. M. (2007). Assessing indices of happiness and unhappiness in individuals with developmental disabilities: A review. Behavioral Interventions, 22(1), 229–244.
• Duncan, R., Tilbrook, K., & Krivokapic-Skoko, B. (2015). Does academic work make Australian academics happy? Australian Universities’ Review, 57(1), 5–12.
• Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.
• Erselcan R. C., & Süral Özer, P. (2018). İş doyumunun performansa etkisinde mutluluğun aracılık rolü üzerine bir araştırma. 26. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi (s. 169–180), 10–12 Mayıs 2018, Trabzon.
• Eysenck, H. J. (1993). Creativity and personality: Suggestions for a theory. Psychological Inquiry, 4(3), 147–178.
• Field, L. K., & Buitendach, J. H. (2011). Happiness, work engagement and organisational commitment of support staff at a tertiary education institution in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37(1), Article 946.
• Fredrickson, B. (2009). Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. New York, NY, US: Crown Publishers/Random House.
• Gappa, J. M., & Austin, A. E. (2010). Rethinking academic traditions for twenty-first-century faculty. AAUP Journal of Academic Freedom, 1, 1–20.
• Gavin, J. H., & Mason, R. O. (2004). The virtuous organization: The value of happiness in the workplace. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 379–392.
• Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274.
• Güner, F., & Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2017). Banka çalışanlarının iş yerinde mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenleri üzerine keşif amaçlı bir araştırma. Örgütsel Davranış Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 85–105.
• Helliwell, J. F., Layard R., & Sachs, J. D. (2018). Happiness and migration: An overview world. In J. F. Helliwell, R. Layard, & J. D. Sachs (Eds.), World happiness report 2018 (pp. 3–11). New York, NY: Center for Sustainable Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University & Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
• Herbell, K., & Bustos-Chaves, K. (2014). Job satisfaction, calling, life satisfaction, and happiness among university faculty, staff, and administrators. Capital University’s Undergraduate Research Journal. Erişim adresi https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nirmala-Svsg/post/Recommendations-for-any-scale-that-measure-the-following-career-calling-career-satisfaction-job-satisfaction-and-life-satisfaction/attachment/59d641a279197b807799d936/AS%3A435794272886784%401480912859522/download/Job+Satisfaction.pdf (3 Ocak 2019).
• Hesli, V. L., & Lee, J. M. (2013). Job satisfaction in academia: Why are some faculty members happier than others? PS: Political Science & Politics, 46(2), 339–354.
• Hirsjärvi, S., Remes, P., & Sajavaara, P. (2004). Tutki ja kirjoita (10th ed.). Jyväskylä: Gummerus.
• Izard, C. E. (1992). Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99(3), 561–565.
• Keser, A. (2018). İşte mutluluk araştırması. Paradoks Ekonomi, Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, 14(1), 43–57.
• Lee, H. R., Lee, H. E., Choi, J., Kim, J. H. & Han, H. L. (2014) Social media use, body image, and psychological well-being: A cross-cultural comparison of Korea and the United States. Journal of Health Communication, 19(12), 1343–1358.
• Malik, M., Nawab, S., Naeem, B., & Danish, R. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of university teachers in public sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 17–26.
• Martin, B. (2011). On being a happy academic. Australian Universities’ Review, 53(1), 50–56.
• McGonagle, C. (2015). Happiness in the workplace: An appreciative inquiry. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
• Merriam-Webster (2018). Definition of academician. Erişim adresi https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/academician (12 Aralık 2018).
• Mukhtar, F. (2012). Work life balance and job satisfaction among faculty at Iowa State University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
• Ouyprasert, N. (2009). Happiness at work of employee at first drug company limited, Chiang Mai Province. Thesis, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
• Özdemir, A. (2010). Yönetim biliminde ileri araştırma yöntemleri ve uygulamalar, İstanbul: Beta Basım A.Ş.
• Paschoal, T., & Tamayo, A. (2008). “Construção e validação da escala de bem-estar no trabalho. (Construction and validation of the work well-being scale”. Avaliação Psicológica, 7(1), 11–22.
• Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Pryce-Jones, J. (2010). Happiness at work: Maximizing your psychological capital for success. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2013). Happiness and well-being at work: A special issue introduction. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(1): 95–97.
• Salas-Vallina, A., Alegre, J., & Guerrero, R. F. (2018). Happiness at work in knowledge-intensive contexts: Opening the research agenda. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(3), 149–159.
• Schulz, J. (2013). The impact of role conflict, role ambiguity and organizational climate on the job satisfaction of academic staff in research-intensive universities in the UK. Higher Education Research & Development, 32(3): 464–478.
• Seyal, A. H., & Afzaal, T. (2013). An investigation of relationship among emotional intelligence, organizational commitment and job satisfaction: Evidence from academics in Brunei Darussalam. International Business Research, 6(3), 217–228.
• Sgroi, D. (2015). Happiness and productivity: Understanding the happy productive worker. SMF-CAGE Global Perspectives Series, October 2015, Paper 4.
• Shaikh, M. W., & Ahmad, K. Z. (2017). Factors affecting happiness of expatriate academicians and expatriate non-academicians in Dubai. 1. International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABL), 1(1), 201–214.
• Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & John, O. P (2006). Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with big five personality and attachment style. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 61–71.
• Somekh, B., & Levin, C. (2005). Research methods in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Steel, J., Luyten, J., & Godderis, L. (2018). Occupational health: The global evidence and value. Leuven: KU Leuven & Society of Occupational Medicine.
• Suojanen, I. (2012). Work for your happiness: Theoretical and empirical study defining and measuring happiness at work. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
• Turan, N. (2018). Çalışma mutluluğu: Kavram ve kapsam. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 169–212.
• Warr, P. (2007). Searching for happiness at work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(12), 726–729.
• Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, A. H., Stough, N., Dua, C., Hapuarachchi, J., & Boyd, C. (2003). Occupational stress in Australian university staff: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 51–63.
• Yassin, S. M. (2014). Identification of domains for Malaysian University staff happiness index development. International Education Studies, 7(7), 69–76.