Van Depremi Sonrası Psikososyal Süreçlerin Sistematik Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, afetlerin karmaşık etkilerini anlamak ve gelecekteki müdahale politikalarına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu nedenle çalışmada Van depremi sonrasında kişilerin risk algısı, depremin kişiler üzerindeki psikososyal etkileri ve afet yönetim süreci sistematik bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 2011-2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan Van depremini konu alan Türkçe ve İngilizce akademik çalışmalar PRISMA protokolüne uygun bir şekilde taranarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Van depremiyle ilişkili “Van”, “Deprem”, “Risk”, Psikolojik Etki”, “Sosyal Etki” ve “Afet Yönetimi” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. İlk aramada yedi veri tabanında toplam 8.689 makale belirlenmiş, tekrarlananlar çıkarıldıktan sonra 485 çalışmanın tam metinleri incelenmiş ve nihai olarak 15 makale analize dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular, deprem sonrası yoğun duygusal tepkiler, bilişsel bozukluklar ve davranışsal değişiklikler gibi sonuçları ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, kadınların erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde travma sonrası stres belirtileri yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda kurumlar arası koordinasyon eksikliği ve iletişim sorunlarının afet yönetimini olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, önleyici afet yönetimi politikalarının geliştirilmesi ve psikolojik sağlık ve sosyal destek sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Van Depremi
• Risk
• Risk Algısı
• Psikolojik Etki
• Sosyal Etki
• Afet Yönetimi

Systematic Analysis of Psychosocial Processes After the Van Earthquake

Abstract

This study aims to understand the complex effects of disasters and contribute to future intervention policies. Therefore, the study systematically examined people's perception of risk after the Van earthquake, the psychosocial effects of the earthquake on people, and the disaster management process. The research was conducted by scanning Turkish and English academic studies on the Van earthquake published between 2011 and 2024 by the PRISMA protocol. The keywords "Van," "Earthquake," "Risk," Psychological Impact," "Social Impact," and "Disaster Management" related to the Van earthquake were used in the study. In the initial search, 8,689 articles were identified in seven databases; after removing duplicates, the full texts of 485 studies were examined, and finally, 15 articles were included in the analysis. The findings revealed intense emotional reactions, cognitive disorders, and behavioral changes after the earthquake. In addition, it was determined that women experienced higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms compared to men. The studies determined poor coordination and communication between institutions negatively affected disaster management. The results reveal that preventive disaster management policies should be developed, and psychological health and social support systems should be strengthened.

Keywords

• Van Earthquake
• Risk
• Risk Perception
• Psychological Impact
• Social Impact
• Disaster Management

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