Sınırların Kavramsal Çerçevesinin İncelenmesi ve Sınıflandırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sınır çalışmalarının sınıflandırılmalarını ve metodolojilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, 19. Yüzyıl sonu ile 21. Yüzyıl’ın ilk çeyreğindeki sınırların inceleme metodolojisine ve sonrasında 21. Yüzyıl ilk çeyreğindeki sınırın güvenlikleştirilmesi iklimine odaklanılmıştır. Kavramsal çerçevede, sınır kavramının tarihsel gelişimi ve çalışmanın kuramsal dayanağını oluşturan güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. Sonrasında sınır çalışmalarının sınıflandırılması 1970 yılı öncesindeki modern yaklaşım ve 1970 yılı sonrasındaki postmodern yaklaşım olarak iki dönem çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modern yaklaşım bölümünde ilk sınır çalışmalarına yer verilmesinin ardından inceleme tarihsel haritalama, tipolojik, işlevsel, siyasi yaklaşım ve postmodern dönemde modern yaklaşım çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Postmodern yaklaşım ise sınır çalışmalarının değişen dinamik süreci çerçevesinde küreselleşme, düzeyler ve kimlik, jeo-politik ve sınırların yönetimini başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sınıflandırma sınırların tarihsel gelişimi ve paradigma değişimine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son bölümde güvenlikleştirme çerçevesinde güvenlik tehditlerinin çeşitlenmesi düzensiz göç üzerinden tartışılmış ve yeni bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Modern yaklaşımda sınırların durağanlığının kabulüne karşın, postmodern yaklaşımda sınırların dinamik ve sınır çalışmalarının ise disiplinlerarası bir olgu olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

• Sınır
• hudut
• sınır yönetimi

The Examination and Classification of Conceptual Framework of Borders

Abstract

The primary aim of this study is to introduce the classifications of border studies and methodologies. In this perspective, in the late 19th Century and the first quarter of 21th Century, the examination methodology of borders and later the securitization climate of borders in first quarter of 21th Century were focused on. In the conceptional frame, the historical process of border notion and the securitization approach, which is the conceptional root of this study, were examined. Then the classification of border studies was carried out through two terms which are modern approach, which is before 1970, and postmodern approach, which is after 1970. In the modern approach section, after mention initial border studies, the examination was realized in the frame of historical mapping, typology, functional, political approach, and modern approach in the postmodern approach era. Postmodern approach was examined in the frame of the changing and dynamic process of border studies which contains globalism, levels and identiy, geopolitical and management of borders titles. In this study, the classification was fulfilled through historical development and paradigm change. In the last section, diversification of security threats were discussed via irregular migration, and a new approach is proposed. While the borders are admitted static in a modern approach, in postmodern approach borders are accepted as dynamic, and border studies are evaluated as interdisciplinary phenomenon.

Keywords

• Border
• boundary
• bordering

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