Yeni Assur Ordusunda Savaş Arabaları

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 50, 163 - 190, 31.12.2020

Esra Kaçmaz Levent Hanifi Biber

Öz

İnsanoğlunun taşıt kullanımına dair ilk veriler Güney Mezopotamya’da MÖ 4. bin yılın sonlarında (MÖ 3200-3100) Uruk yerleşiminin IVa evresinde ele geçen kil tablet üzerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. MÖ 3. bin yılın ilk yarısına gelindiğinde ise “Ur Standardı” ve “Akbaba Steli” olarak bilinen iki eserde tekerlekli arabaların ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir. MÖ erken 3. bin yıldan itibaren savaş tasvirlerinde görülen arabalar, savaş alanlarındaki hız kabiliyeti ve manevra gücü ile savunmanın temel silahlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Assur savaş arabaları, ordunun en önemli sınıfını oluşturmaktaydı. Ninurta-Tukulti-Aššur’a (MÖ 1133) ait silindir mühür üzerinde görülen iki tekerlekli savaş arabası en eski tasvir olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İlerleyen zamanlarda I. Assurnasirpal (MÖ 1050-1032) dönemine ait Beyaz Dikili Taş ve II. Tukulti-Ninurta (MÖ 888-884) dönemine ait tahrip olmuş bir duvar resminde görülen savaş arabaları, II. Assurnasirpal (MÖ 883-859) dönemi saray kabartmalarında sistematik olarak ele alınmıştır. II. Assurnasirpal (MÖ 883-859) ile Assurbanipal (MÖ 668-631) dönemi arasında geçen zaman sürecinde savaş arabaları gelişim göstererek ihtiyaçlara daha uygun bir hale getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Assur, ordu, iki tekerlek, savaş arabaları

Kaynakça

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