The Evaluation of Technical Properties of No-Till Drills Manufactured in Turkey

Abstract

In recent years, the studies carried out for dissemination of conservation and reduced tillage technologies have been gaining in importance in our country as well as the world. The lack of suitable sowing machine is one of the most important factors hindering the dissemination of conservation tillage methods. In this study, the no-till sowing machines manufactured in our countries was evaluated according to technical properties. As a result of the research, it was observed that only a few companies have manufactured the no-till sowing machine. According to the examination of catalogs and user manuals, these machines are found to be possible classified under two groups, which are the precision notill sowing machine to sown the anchor crops such as cotton, corn, sunflower and the narrow-line no-till sowing machine to plant the crops such as wheat, fodder crops. It was observed that disc-type opener was used in the majority of the manufactured no-till planter and the precision no-till planters had coulters and row cleaners to clean and loosen the soil in front of the furrow openers. Besides, the planters mounted on rotorvator, disc-harrow and chisel plough was observed to be manufactured. Some manufacturers optionally marketed the combination of coulter and row cleaners.

Keywords

• Conservation tillage, Furrow opener, No-till drill, Row cleaner

Türkiye'de İmal Edilen Doğrudan Anıza Ekim Makinalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Son yıllarda korumalı ve azaltılmış toprak işleme yöntemlerinin yaygınlaştırılmasına yönelik yürütülen çalışmalara hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada oldukça önem verilmektedir. Korumalı toprak işleme yöntemlerinden birisi olan doğrudan anıza ekim yönteminin uygulanmasının başarısını sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden birisi de uygun ekim makinasının olmamasıdır. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde imal edilen doğrudan ekim makinalarının teknik özellikleri irdelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, ülkemizde yalnızca birkaç firmanın doğrudan anıza ekim makinası imalatına yönelik faaliyette bulunduğu görülmüştür. İmal edilen bu makinaların katalog ve kullanım kılavuzlarının incelenmesi sonucunda, genel anlamda bu makinaları iki grup (geniş sıra aralığına sahip pamuk, mısır, ayçiçeği gibi çapa bitkilerinin ekiminde kullanılan hassas ekim makinaları ve hububat, yem bitkileri gibi bitkilerin ekiminde kullanılan dar sıralı kesintisiz ekim makinaları) altında incelemenin mümkün olabileceği görülmüştür. İmal edilen anıza ekim makinalarının büyük bir kısmında diskli ekici ayakların kullanıldığı ve hassas ekim makinalarında genellikle ekici ayakların önünde sap kalıntılarının temizlenmesi ve toprağın gevşetilmesi amacıyla çizi temizleyicileri ve çizi açıcılarının kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çapa bitkilerinin ekiminde kullanılmak üzere rotovatör-pnömatik ekim makinası kombinasyonu ve hububat ekiminde ise diskaro-ekim makinası ve çizel ekim makinası kombinasyonlarının imal edildiği belirlenmiştir. Ekim makinası imalatını gerçekleştiren bazı firmalarda ise, pnömatik hassas ekim makinalarında kullanılmak üzere çizi açıcı ve temizleyicisi kombinasyonundan oluşan anıza ekim ünitesinin isteğe bağlı olarak satışının gerçekleştirildiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anıza ekim makinası, Ekici ayak, Korumalı toprak işleme, Sap kalıntısı temizleyicisi

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