Importance of Soil Quality in Determinitain of Sustainable Soil Tillage Methods

Abstract

Land degradation, decrease in productivity function of soils, is a major threat to sustainability of agricultural production in time. Soil tillage applications are the major disturbance activities affecting soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Intensive soil tillage creates suitable conditions for seed in a short period of time, however soil quality indicators are negatively affected in the long run. The effects of soil tillage methods on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils vary due to the amounts of crop residue left on soil surface, soil depth tilled and pressure exerted on soil. Therefore, the effects of soil tillage systems should be well known prior to the decision of which methods to be used in order to sustain agricultural production. Soil quality assessment methods used to evaluate past and present potential of soils will facilitate the selection of appropriate soil tillage systems to maintain and improve the soil quality. The objectives of this study soil demonstrate the importance of the soil quality evaluating and to increase the use of evaluation in the selection of soil tillage system.

Keywords

• Soil tillage methods
• Soil quality assessment
• Land degradation
• Sustainability

Sürdürülebilir Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesinde Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinin Önemi

Öz

Tarımsal üretimin zaman içerisinde azalmadan devam ettirilebilmesinin önündeki en önemli tehditlerin başında toprağın üretkenlik fonksiyonun azalmasına neden olan bozulma olayları gelmektedir. Toprak işleme uygulamaları toprağın stabilitesi, dayanıklılığı ve kalitesini etkileyen en önemli bozucu faaliyetlerdir. Yoğun toprak işleme, kısa vadede tohum için ideal bir ortam oluştururken uzun vadede toprak kalitesi göstergelerinin olumsuz etkilenmesine yol açmaktadır. Arazi yüzeyinde bırakılan bitki atık miktarları, etkili toprak derinlikleri ve toprağa uyguladıkları basınçları farklı olduğundan dolayı toprak işleme sistemlerinin toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerine etkisi farklılık göstermektedir. Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim yapabilmek için karar verilen toprak işleme sisteminin toprak fonksiyonlarını nasıl etkileyeceğinin iyi bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda,  toprağın geçmiş ve şu anki durumu ile potansiyelini değerlendiren toprak kalitesi değerlendirme yöntemleri, toprak kalitesini koruyacak ya da iyileştirecek uygun toprak işleme sistemlerinin seçimini kolaylaştırır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak işleme yöntemleri
• Toprak kalitesi değerlendirmesi
• Arazi bozulması
• sürdürülebilirlik

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