The Cross-Breeding Performances of Some Peach Varieties

Abstract

In Turkey, peach breeding activities are quite inadequate. Only one breeding program to develop new peach varieties for fresh market and processing by controlled hybridization has been carried out in Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute. The present study was performed to evaluate fruit set rate, and a number of harvested fruit and stratified seed and germinated seed and seedling for each combinations and to determine the best parents to use in future crosses. Forty-two controlled crosses between ten peach varieties were made during 2008 and 2009 and total 32,922 flowers were pollinated. The full ripening fruits were harvested and hybrid seeds extracted. These seeds were stratified without endocarp at 4-5 °C for 40-90 days. The resulted seedlings were planted in an experimental orchard.  Some problems including embryo and seed abortions, rosetting, multiple pistil and fungal infection occurred on fruits, trees and seedlings in the different developmental stages. The rates of fruit set were determined to be 78.27% and 73.10% for two years, respectively. Total 3,461 fruits were harvested and 2,730 seeds were stratified. The number of germinated seeds and resulted seedlings were 2,451 and 2,144, respectively. Our results showed that hybrid seeds should be stratified immediately after harvest to shorten breeding period and also stratification without endocarp can be lead the rosetting seedlings. Moreover, fluctuating temperature, not even frost, can cause to embryo abortions. Bayramic Tüysüzü, Sarı Papa, Vivian and Fortuna should be suggested as parent to obtain a large number of hybrid plants in a peach breeding program.

Keywords

• Abortion
• Controlled hybridization
• Germination
• Peach
• Rosetting
• Seedling

Bazı Şeftali Çeşitlerinin Melezleme Performansları

Öz

Türkiye’de şeftali ıslahı konusundaki çalışmalar oldukça yetersizdir.  Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde kontrollü melezleme yoluyla yeni sofralık ve sanayilik şeftali çeşitlerinin geliştirmek için devam eden bir çalışma bulunmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada, farklı melezleme kombinasyonlarında meyve tutumu, hasat edilen meyve sayısı, katlanan tohum sayısı ile çimlenme oranı ve melez bitki sayılarının tespiti ve en iyi ebeveyn kombinasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında ebeveyn olarak on şeftali/nektarin çeşidi kullanılarak 42 kombinasyon oluşturulmuş ve 32,922 adet çiçek tozlanmıştır. Meyve tutum oranları her iki yılda sırasıyla %78.27 ve %73.10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam olarak 3461 adet meyve elde edilmiş ve çekirdekler kırıldıktan sonra 2730 adet tohum katlamaya alınmıştır. Bu tohumlardan 2451 adedi çimlenmiş ve 2144 melez bitkinin araziye dikimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tohumların hasattan hemen sonra katlamaya alınarak bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi, ıslah süresinin kısaltılmasında faydalıdır ancak çekirdek yerine tohum katlaması yapılması melez bireylerde rozetlenmeye neden olabilmektedir. Ayrıca don olayı olmasa bile meyve tutumundan sonraki gece/gündüz sıcaklıkları arasındaki düzensizlikler, embriyo aborsiyonlarına sebep olabilmektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmelere göre Bayramiç Tüysüzü, Sarı Papa, Vivian ve Fortuna tip/çeşitleri, melezleme çalışmalarında çok sayıda melez bireyin sorunsuz şekilde edilmesinde kullanılabilecek ebeveynler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aborsiyon
• Kontrollü melezleme
• Melez bitki
• Şeftali
• Rozetleşme
• Çimlenme

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