Expected Effects of Global Temperature Increase on Wheat and The Physiological Indices of High Temperature Tolerance

Abstract

The wheat production is done mostly in arid and semi-arid areas, depending on rainfall in our country. The spring wheats are exposed to high temperatures especially during anthesis and grain filling. This situation is caused a significant decrease on the yield. Climatic changes have occurred seriously in different parts of the world that are voiced by the researchers. In 2007, at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, it was reported that, the temperature rise was the main effect of will have on crop production. Climate change-induced temperature rise with all the violence continues. Consequently, potential yield losses in wheat in developing countries are expected to be around 20 to 30%. High temperature and drought, many of the world wheat mega-environment, the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth, and they occurred at the same time. Under normal circumstances, the period of wheat growth, 1°C increase on the optimum temperature values causes 57 kg ha-1 yield loss for the spring-wheat.

Küresel Sıcaklık Artışının Buğdayda Beklenen Etkileri ve Yüksek Sıcaklığa Toleranslılığın Fizyolojik Göstergeleri

Öz

Ülkemizde buğday yetiştiriciliği çoğunlukla kurak ve yarı kurak alanlarda yağışa dayalı şartlarda yapılmaktadır. Yazlık buğdaylar, özellikle çiçeklenme ve tane doldurma döneminde yüksek sıcaklara maruz kalmakta, bu durum verimde önemli düşüşlere neden olmaktadır. İklim değişikliği dünyanın farklı bölgelerindeki araştırmacılar tarafından sıklıkla dile getirilmektedir. Hükümetler Arası İklim Değişikliği ile ilgili 2007 yılında yapılan panelde, sıcaklık artışının bitki üretimi üzerine ana etkiye sahip olacağı bildirilmiştir. İklim değişikliği kaynaklı sıcaklık artışı tüm şiddeti ile devam etmektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak, gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki buğday olası verim kayıplarının % 20-30 civarında olması beklenmektedir. Yüksek sıcaklık ve kuraklık dünyanın birçok mega buğday sahasında bitki büyümesini kısıtlayan en önemli çevresel faktörlerdir ve aynı anda meydana gelmektedirler. Normal koşullarda buğday gelişme döneminde optimum sıcaklık değerlerinin üzerindeki ortalama 1°C’lik artış, yazlık buğdaylarda 5.7 kg/da verim kaybına neden olmaktadır.

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