Düşük Sıcaklık Zararının Asma Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Number: 2, 241 - 253, 29.06.2018

Özkan Kaya , Cafer Köse

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.405252

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Kültüre alındığı tarihten günümüze kadar tüm toplumlarda önemini koruyan
asma, dünya üzerinde yetiştiricilik bakımından çok geniş alanlarda kendine yer
bulmuş ılıman iklim meyve türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Ancak
yetiştiriciliğinin bu kadar geniş alanlarda yapılması, çevresel streslere daha
fazla maruz kalmasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Özellikle donma noktasının
altındaki düşük sıcaklıklar asmanın yeryüzündeki dağılımını, gelişimini ve
verimini etkileyen en önemli çevresel stres faktörlerinin başında gelmektedir.
Sonbahar, ilkbahar ve kış aylarında meydana gelebilen düşük sıcaklıklar,
yetiştiriciliğin yapıldığı birçok alanda asmanın kök, gövde, kol, dal ve göz
gibi organlarında telafisi olmayan hasarlar oluşturabilmektedir. Böylesi bir
durum asma yetiştiricilerini, üzüm üretimine dayalı işleme ve sanayi
kuruluşlarını önemli derecede kayıplara uğratmaktadır. Bu gibi alanlarda
dondurucu soğukları önlemek ya da tolere etmek için, asmanın aklimasyon,
dayanıklılık ve deaklimasyon evrelerindeki donma mekanizmasının iyi bilinmesi
gerekmektedir. Asmanın doku ve organlarının içinde bulunduğu bu evrelerdeki
donma mekanizmasının belirlenmesi ise uygun ölçüm tekniklerinin kullanılması
ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sıfırın altındaki sıcaklıklara maruz kalan
bazı asma tür ve çeşitlerinin doku ve organlarında meydana gelen düşük sıcaklık
hasarı ve uygun ölçüm teknikleri kullanılarak belirlenmiş olan don tolerans
seviyeleri hakkında bilgiler derlenmiştir.

Keywords

Asma, Düşük sıcaklık exotermi, Termal analiz, Vitis spp.

Effects of Cold Damage on Grapevine

Abstract

From the date of its cultivation to the
present day, grape preserves its importance in all societies as well as being
one of the temperate climate fruit species found in a wide range of cultivated
places in the world. Because of the large area cultivation and
their natural structure these are exposed more environmental stresses.
Especially low temperatures below freezing point affects the development and
yield of the distribution of grapes on
the earth. Low temperatures that can occur in autumn, spring and winter may
form irreversible damage in grape root, trunk, arm, and buds organs in many
areas where cultivation is done. Such a situation can result in reduced yield
and substantial economic losses to grape growers, subsequently impacting fruit
wholesalers, distributors, vineries and related industries. To prevent or
tolerate low temperature damage must be well known of the inherent freezing
tolerance of a grape cultivar at all stages of development and the interaction
of environment with the acclimation, hardening and deacclimation
characteristics of the grapevine in such areas. The determination of the
freezing mechanism in these phases, which are found in the tissues and organs
of grapevine, is made possible by the use of appropriate measurement techniques.
In this study, information about the low temperature damage occurring in
tissues and organs of some grape species and cultivars when exposed to
temperatures less than zero and the frost tolerance levels were determined by
using appropriate measurement techniques were compiled.

Keywords

Grapevine, Low temperature exotherm, Thermal analysis, Vitis spp.

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