Yerel Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populasyonlarının Bakla ve Danelerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University Special Issue 2020, 51 - 60, 31.12.2020

Ali Binici Mehmet Kadri Bozokalfa

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.712808

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Fabaceae familyası sebzeleri arasında önemli bir yeri olan börülce insan beslenmesinde taze yaprak, taze bakla, taze dane ve kuru daneleri için yetiştirilmekte ve yüksek bitkisel protein içeriği yönünden sebze türleri arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Farklı agro-morfolojik özelliklere sahip populasyonlar agronomik özellikleri nedeniyle yetiştiriciliğin yoğun yapıldığı yörelerde uzun yıllardan beri çiftçiler tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin farklı lokasyonlarında toplanmış ve üretici koşullarında yetiştiriciliği devam eden farklı börülce genotiplerinin agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada toplam 44 farklı börülce genotipi kullanılmış ve bu genotipler üretici ve tüketiciler açısından önemli kalite özelliklerini oluşturan taze bakla ve kuru danelerin agronomik özellikleri incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlar bitkisel materyali oluşturan gen havuzundaki genotipler arasında değerlendirilen bakla ve dane özellikleri yönünden yüksek düzeyde agro-morfolojik varyasyonu varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Genotipler arasında özellikle yüksek taze bakla ve dane verimi yönünden mevcut ticari çeşitlerden çok daha üstün genotipler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Börülcenin taze baklaları yanında taze ve kuru danelerinin tüketilmesi, ayrıca farklı ekolojik koşullara adapte olmuş ve uzun yıllar süresinde devam eden tohum eldesi süresince tüketim tercihi göz önünde bulundurularak yapılan seleksiyonların varyabiliteyi artırdığı düşünülürken, gen havuzundaki yüksek varyasyonun umutvar nitelikteki genotiplerin seleksiyonuna katkı sağlayabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Bitki genetik kaynakları, ön ıslah çalışmaları, agronomik özellikler

Supporting Institution

Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

18-ZRF-002

Thanks

Projeye maddi destek sağlayan Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi'ne teşekkür ederiz

Determination of Pod and Seed Agronomic Properties of Local Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populations

Abstract

Objective: Cowpea has an important place among Fabaceae family, cultivated for human consumption for fresh leaves, fresh pods, fresh and dried grain, and important placed due to high amount of protein content among vegetables. Farmers have been preferred to use local population due to agro-morphological trait for cultivation and large number of population distributed through the mainly cultivated location in Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the agronomic properties of cultivated local cowpea genotypes obtained from several location of Turkey.
Material and Methods: In this study a total 44 different cowpea genotypes were examined for desirable agromorphological properties of fresh pods and dry grain based on consumer and farmers’ oriented traits.
Results: The research underlined that high level of agromorphological diversity in terms of evaluated agromorphological pods and seed traits among the genotypes. In addition, comparing to the commercial cultivars, there are superior genotypes were determined among the population for fresh pod and grain yield.
Conclusion: Application of the selection process by farmers based on their culinary uses during the cultivation can be partly explained the high level of diversity, furthermore large amount of variability among gene pool give advantages for selection promising genotypes. 

Keywords

Plant genetic resources, pre-breeding studies, agronomic traits, variability

Project Number

18-ZRF-002

References

• Adetiloye, I., O. Ariyo and O.L. Awoyomi. 2017. Study of genotypic and phenotypic correlation among 20 accessions of Nigerian cowpea. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 10(2):36-39.
• Araujo, L.B., M.D. Pinheiro, L.B. Fiege, C.H. Bertini and J.C. DoVale. 2019. Agronomic potential and genetic diversity of landraces of cowpea of the state of Ceará. In press doi https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n314rc.
• Ba, F.S., R.E. Pasquet and P. Gepts. 2004. Genetic diversity in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as revealed by RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evoluation, 51:539–550.
• Başaran, U., I, Ayan, Z. Acar, H. Mut and O.O. Aşçı. 2011. Seed yield and agronomic parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes in the Black Sea region of Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10:13461-13464.
• Bennet-Lartey, S.O. and I. Ofori. 1999. Variability studies in some qualitative characters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) accessions from four cowpea growing regions of Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Science, 32: 3-9.
• Blade, S.F., V.R. Shetty, T. Terao and B.B. Singh. 1997. Recent developments in cowpea cropping systems research. In: Singh BB, Mohan Raj DR, Dashiel KE, Jackai L. EN (eds). Advances in cowpea research, IITA Ibadan and JIRCAS, Japan, p. 114-128.
• Bozokalfa, M.K. ve F. Sürmeli. 2019. Teksel seleksiyon yoluyla elde edilen börülce (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotiplerinin agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(4):497-504.
• Bozokalfa, M.K., T. Kaygısız Aşçıoğul and D. Eşiyok. 2017. Genetic diversity of farmer-preferred cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) landraces in Turkey and evaluation of their relationships based on agromorphological traits. Genetika, 47(3):935-957.
• Bresami, S.F. 1985. Nutrutive value of cowpea. In: Singh SR and Rachie KO (eds.) Cowpea research and utilization, New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 353-359.
• Cobbınah, F.A., A.A. Addo-Quaye and I.K. Asante. 2011. Characterization evaluation and selection of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) accessions with desirable traits from eight regions of Ghana. ARPN Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnological Science, 6(7):21–32.
• Diouf, D. 2011. Recent advances in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] research for genetic improvement, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(15): 2803-2810.
• Ehlers, J.D., R.L. Fery and A.E. Hall. 2002. Cowpea breeding in the USA: new varieties and improved germplasm, In: Fatokun, S.A., Tarawali, B.B., Singh, P.M., Kormawa, M., Tamo, M., (Eds.), Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production. Proceedings of the World Cowpea Conference III, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 4–8 Sept 2000. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 62–77.
• Ghalmi, N., M. Malice, J. Jacquemin, S. Ounane, L. Mekliche and J. Baudoin. 2010. Morphological and molecular diversity within Algerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evoluation, 57:371–386.
• Gbaguidi, A.A., A. Dansi, L.Y. Loko, M. Dansi, A. Sanni. 2013. Diversity and agronomic performances of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) landraces in Southern Benin. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science, 3(4):121-133.
• Gomez, C. 2004. Cowpea Post-Harvest Operations, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Rome.
• Gündüz, M., A. Tan, A. Kır, N. Ay ve N. Korkmaz. 2015. Ege ve Akdeniz Bölgesi börülce [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] yerel çeşitlerinin agro-morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2):1-23.
• Ibrahim, U., B.M. Auwalu and G.N. Udom. 2010. Effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). World Journal of Agricultural, 6(4):460-465.
• Kamara, A.Y., J. Ellis-Jones, F. Ekeleme, L. Omoigui, P. Amaza, D. Chikoye and I. Y. Dugje. 2010. A participatory evaluation of improved cowpea cultivars in the Guinea and Sudan savannah zones of north east Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56:355-370.
• Khan, A., A. Bari, S. Khan, N.S. Hussain and I. Zada. 2010. Performance of cowpea genotypes at higher altitude of NWFP. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42:2291-2296.
• Menssen, M, L. Marcus, O.O. Emmanuel, A.O. Mary, F.D. Fekadu and W. Traud. 2017. Genetic and morphological diversity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) entries from East Africa. Scientia Horticulturae, 226:268–276.
• Ng, N.Q. 1995. Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). In Evolution of crop plants, 2nd edition, edited by J. Smartt and N.W. Simmonds. Longman, Harlow, UK.
• Ng, Q., and S. Padulosi. 1988, Cowpea genepool distribution and crop improvement, In: Ng Q, Perrino P, Attere F, Zedan H (eds) Crop Genetic Resources of Africa, Vol II. IBPGR, Rome, pp 161–174.
• Ombakho, G.A, and A.P. Tyagi. 1987. Correlation and path analyses for yield and its components in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp). East Africa Agriculture and Forest Journal, 53(1): 23-27.
• Othman, S.A., B.B. Singh and F.B. Mukhtar. 2006. Studies on the inheritance pattern of joints, pod and flower pigmentation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 5:2371–2376.
• Padulosi, S. and N.Q. Ng. 1997. Origin, Taxonomy, and Morphology of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1-12. Advances in Cowpea Research (Eds: B.B. Singh, D.R. Mohan Raj, K.E. Dashiell, and L.E.N. Jackai.). Copublication of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria., Hong Kong, 375 pp.
• Pandey, Y.R., A.B. Pun and R.C. Mishra. 2006. Evaluation of vegetable type cowpea varieties for commercial production in the River Basin and Low Hill Areas. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal, 7:16–20.
• Pasquet, R. 1998. Morphological study of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. importance of ovule number and definition of cv. gr Melanophthalmus. Agronomie, 18(1):61-70.
• Pekşen, E. and C. Artık. 2004. Comparison of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes from Turkey for seed yield and yield related characters. Journal of Agronomy, 3(2):137-140.
• Perrıno, P., G. Laghetti, P.L. Spagnoleti Zeuli and L.M. Monti. 1993. Diversification of cowpea in the Mediterranean and other centers of cultivation. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 40:121–132.
• Purseglove, J.W. 1968. Tropical Crops – Dicotyledons. Longman, London, UK
• Saka, J.O., O.A. Agbeleye, O.T. Ayoola, B.O. Lawal, J.A. Adetumbi and Q.O. Oloyede-Kamiyo. 2018. Assessment of varietal diversity and production systems of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 119(2):43–52.
• Saxena, A. and S. Tomar Rukam. 2020. Assessment of genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) through ISSR marker. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 15(3):66-71.
• Sepetoğlu, H. ve A. Ceylan. 1979. Bornova ekolojik koşullarında bitki sıklığının börülcede (Vigna sinensis L.) verim ve bazı verim komponentlerine etkileri üzerine araştırma, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2):1-16.
• Steele, W.M. 1976. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (Leguminosae-Papillionatae), In: Simmonds NW (ed) Evolution of Crop Plants. Longman, London, pp 183–185.
• Timko, M.P., J.D. Ehlers and P.A. Roberts. 2007. Cowpea. In genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants, vol 3. pulses, sugar and tuber crops (ed: Kole, C.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 306 pp.
• Toğay, Y. ve N. Toğay. 2010. Van bölgesinde börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) ekim zamanı uygulamalarının verim ve verim öğelerine etkisi. YYÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(2):130-133s.
• Toy, D. ve H. Ünlü. 2015. Çiftlik gübresi ve yeşil gübre kullanımının taze ve kuru börülce yetiştiriciliğinde verim ve kalite üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi, SDÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10:110-117.
• Tosti, N. and V. Negri. 2002. Efficiency of three PCR-based markers in assessing genetic variation among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata) landraces. Genome, 45:656–660.
• Xiong, H., A. Shi, B.Mou, J. Qin, D. Motes, W. Lu, J. Ma, Y. Weng, W. Yang, and D. Wu. 2016. Genetic diversity and population structure of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Public Library of Science One, 11(8): e0160941. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160941.