Evaluation of Grain Yield, Heterotic Effects and Drought Tolerance Parameters of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F4 Offspring Populations

Year 2020, Issue: 369, 58 - 68, 01.10.2020

Hüseyin Güngör İlker Yüce Ziya Dumlupınar

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.706722

Abstract

Drought, especially exposed in grain filling period is one of the factors negatively effects the quality parameters besides limiting the grain yield. This study was carried out to determine drought sensitivity index with drought tolerance efficiency according to the grain yield under rainfed (RF) and irrigated (IR) conditions on 28 offspring populations at F4 stage obtained by 8x8 half diallel cross of eight different bread wheat genotypes (Midas, As-14, Rumeli, Esperia, Gl-14, Krasunia odes’ka, Masaccio and Lucilla). The research was carried out at Lüleburgaz-Kırklareli location in 2017-2018 cropping season and the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. According to the results, in terms of grain yield a positive heterosis value was found at rainfed conditions, while a negative heterosis value was found at irrigated conditions, and a positive heterobeltiosis was determined at rainfed conditions, while a negative heterobeltiosis value was found at irrigated conditions. The heterosis was found -5.25%, while heterobeltiosis was -10.73% under irrigated conditions. On the other hand, heterosis was found 7.61% under irrigated conditions, while heterobeltiosis was 2.39%. The drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) one of the drought resilience parameters ranked from 62.39% to 83.11%, while drought sensitivity index (DSI) ranged from 0.624 to 1.390. According to the result of this study, it is observed that F4 offspring populations investigated in the study were suitable genotypes under stressed and normal conditions. The F4 offspring populations belong to the Rumeli×Lucilla, Midas×As-14, Midas×Lucilla, G1-14×Masaccio and Masaccio×Lucilla cross combinations were found promising populations.

Keywords

F4 offspring, Diallel, drought, grain yield, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

F4 Döl kuşağı Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) popülasyonlarının Tane Verimi Yönünden Heterotik Etkiler ve Kuraklığa Toleranslılık Parametreleri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Kuraklık, özellikle tane dolum döneminde gerçekleşen kuraklık buğdayda tane verimini sınırlandırmasının yanı sıra kalite parametrelerini de olumsuz etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu araştırma, sekiz farklı ekmeklik buğday genotipinin (Midas, As-14, Rumeli, Esperia, Gl-14, Krasunia odes’ka, Masaccio ve Lucilla) 8 x 8 yarım diallel melezlemesi ile elde edilen 28 adet F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonunun, sulanan (IR) ve yağmura dayalı (RF) koşullar altında tane verimi açısından heterotik etki, kuraklığa toleranslarını saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Lüleburgaz-Kırklareli lokasyonunda 2017-2018 üretim sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, tane verimi bakımından sulanan koşullarda negatif, yağmura dayalı koşullar altında ise pozitif heterosis değeri bulunurken, yağmura dayalı koşullarda pozitif heterobeltiosis, sulanan koşullarda negatif heterobeltiosis değerleri saptanmıştır. Sulanan koşullarda heterosis % -5.25 belirlenirken, heterobeltiosis ise % -10.73 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, yağmura dayalı koşullarda heterosis % 7.61, heterobeltiosis ise % 2.39 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuraklığa direnç göstergelerinden kuraklığa tolerans etkinliği (DTE) % 62.39 ile 83.11 arasında değişim gösterirken, kuraklığa duyarlılık indeksi (DSI) 0.624 ile 1.390 arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucuna göre, araştırmada incelenen F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonun normal ve stres koşulları altında tane verimleri bakımından uygun genotipler olduğu gözlenmektedir. Rumeli×Lucilla, Midas×As-14, Midas×Lucilla, G1-14×Masaccio ve Masaccio×Lucilla kombinasyonlara ait F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonlarının, ümitvar popülasyonlar olarak öne çıkmışlardır.

Keywords

Tane verimi, Diallel, Kuraklık, F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonu, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis

References

• Anonim, 2019. Food and Agricultural Organization. http://www.fao.org (Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2020)
• Abdel-Moneam, M.A., 2009. Heterosis in some crosses of bread wheat under irrigation and drought conditions. Pakistan Journalof Biological Sciences, 12 (6), 486-491.
• Amiri, R., Bahraminejad, S., Jalali-Honarmand, S., 2013. Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits in 80 bread wheat genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(10), 1145.
• Ayrancı, R., Sade, B., Soylu, S., 2017. Ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin verim ve fenolojik özelliklerinin tane doldurma dönemindeki kuraklık stresine tepkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26, 112-118.
• Bahar, B., Yıldırım, M., 2010. Heat and drought resistances criteria in spring bread wheat: Drought resistance parameters, Scientific Research and Essays, 5(13), 1742-1745.
• Chang, M.S., Smith, J.D., 1967. Diallel analysis of inheritance of quantitative characters in grain sorghum, I. Heterosis and Inbreding Depression. Can.J.Genet.Cytol., 9, 44-51.
• Dadbakhsh, A., Yazdansepas, A., Ahmadizadeh, M., 2011. Study drought stress on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes by drought tolerance indices. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(7), 1804-1810.
• Dumlupınar, Z., Karakuzulu, H., Demirtaş, M.B., Uğurer, M., Gezginç, H., Dokuyucu, T., Akkaya, A., 2015. A heterosis study for some agronomic traits in oat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 21(3), 414-419.
• El-Hosary, A.A., El-Badawy, M.EL.M., Mehasen, S.A.S, El-Hosary, A.A.A., El-Akkad, T.A., El-Fahdawy, A., 2019. Genetic diversity among wheat genotypes using RAPD markers and its implication on genetic variability of diallel crosses, Bıoscıence Research, 2019 16(2), 1258-1266.
• EL Saadoown, A.W., EL Hosary, A.A., Sedhom, S.A., EL Badawy, M.EL.M., El Hosary, A.A.A., 2017. Genetic analysis of diallel crosses in wheat under stress and normal irrigation treatments. Egypt. J. Plant Breed. 21 ( 5 ), 279 – 292.
• Fischer, K.S., Wood, G., 1981. Breeding and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. In: Proc. Symp. on Principles and Methods in Crop Improvement for Drought Resistance with Emphasis on Rice, IRRI, Philippines.
• Fischer, R.A., Maurer, R., 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses in spring wheat. Australian. J. Agric. Sci. 29, 892-912.
• Fonseca, S.M., Patterson, F.L., 1968. Hybrid vigor in a seven parent diallel cross in common winter wheat (Tiriticum aestivum L.). Crop Sci., 8(1), 85-88.
• Kutlu, İ., Balkan, A., Bilgin, O., 2015. Analysis of population differences and inheritance of some spike characteristics in bread wheat. KSU J. Nat. Sci., 18(4), 40-47.
• Olgun, M., Yorgancılar, Ö., Budak Başçiftçi, Z., Ayter, N.G., 2014. Ekmeklik buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) bazı kalite parametrelerinin farklı istatistiki metodlarla incelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 9 (2), 59-68.
• Rashidi, M., Seyfi, K., 2007. Effect of water stress on crop yield and yield components of cantaloupe. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9, 271‒273.
• Razzaq, A., Ali, Q., Qayyum, A., Mahmood, I., Ahmad, M., Rasheed, M., 2013. Physiological responses and drought resistance index of nine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different moisture conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45(1), 151-155.
• Subhani, G.M., Chowdhry, M.A., Gilani, S.M.M., 2000. Manifestatation of hetetrosis in bread wheat under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(6), 971-974.
• Thomas, N., Marker, S., Lal, G. M., Dayal, A., 2017. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components in wheat (Triticum aestivum) over normal and heat stress condition. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(4), 824-830.
• Tulukcu, E., Sade, B., 2009. Diallel melezleme yöntemiyle Orta Anadolu şartlarına uygun ekmeklik buğday anaç ve melezleri ile bazı verim öğelerinin kalıtımının belirlenmesi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(47), 18-26.
• Waqas, M., Noorka, I.R., Khan, A.S., Tahir, M.A., 2013. Heritable variations the base of effective selection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ensure food security. Climate Change Outlook Adapt., 1, 14‒18.
• Yıldırım, M., Cakmak, M., 2014. The population vigors of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes for grain yield under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4), 337-445.