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Gender Sensitive Taxation: A Comparative Analysis Specific to Country Examples

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 46 - 75, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2019.02.003

Öz

Budget is a document that is expected to be collected incomes and will make expenditures in the fiscal year. In all stages of budgets, addressing the needs and rights of women and men is called gender sensitive budgeting (GSB). Since 2000, studies and practices related to GSB have gained importance. When examining the relevant literature, it is possible to see examples in more than fourty countries. Countries have been able to create GSB in a way that will comply with their budget systems and the country's structure. While the budget is addressed in terms of gender sensitivity, in specific to taxation, the studies carried out by researchers and taxation analysts are not too much for gender sensitivity. In this study, examples of countries related to gender sensitive taxation (GST) will be emphasized. In this context, studies and practices in India, Mexico, South Africa and the United Kingdom (England) will be discussed and a comparative analysis will be conducted.

Kaynakça

  • Armağan, R. (2007). "Türkiye’de Gelir ve Kurumlar Vergisi Oranlarında İndirimin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerine Etkileri", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Y.2007, C.12, 227-252.
  • Bellamy, K. (2002). "Gender Budgeting (A Background Paper For The Council of Europe’s Informal Network of Experts on Gender Budgeting) ", Council of Europe, UK Women's Budget Group Web:www.wbg.org.uk/pdf/gender%20budgetscouncil%20of%20europe%20bellamy%2 02003.pdf, adresinden 25 Şubat 2015’te alınmıştır.
  • Blundell, R.W. and Emmerson, C. (2Q003). "Fiscal Effects of Reforming The UK State Pension System", London: Institute for Fiscal Studies WP03/13.
  • Budlender, D., Casale D. and Valodia,I. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in South Africa", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London, Newyork.
  • Chakraborty, P., Chakraborty,L.S, Karmakar, K and Kapila S. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in India: An Inequal Burden? " Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London an Newyork.
  • De Henau., Himmelweit, S. and Santos, C. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in the UK", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London and Newyork.
  • Eğitim Sendikası (2014). "2015 Yılı Merkezi Bütçe Görüşmelerinde “Kadınları Aile İçerisine Yerleştirme” Planları Yapılmaktadır. " Basın Açıklamaları.Web: http://egitimsen.org.tr/2015-yili-merkezi-butce-gorusmelerinde-kadinlari-aile-icerisine-yerlestirme-planlari-yapilmaktadir/ adresinden 1 Ocak 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Fagan, C., Urwin, P. and Melling, K. (2006) Gender Inequalities in the Risks of Poverty And Social Exclusion For Disadvantaged Groups in Thirty European Countries, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
  • Fragoso, L.C.P and Gonzalez, F.C., (2010). "Gender Analysis of Taxation in Mexico", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London and Newyork.
  • Göğüsdere, C. (2018). "Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Vergilendirme: 2005-2016 Dönemi Bütçe Raporları, İlgili Mevzuat ve Düzenlemelerden Hareketle Türkiye Özelinde Bir İrdeleme", Gazi üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Hartzenburg, T. (1996). "Women and Taxation", in D. Budlender (ed.) The Women’s Budget, Cape Town: Institute for Democracy in South Africa.
  • Her Majesty’s (HM) Treasury (2008). Pre-budget Report, London: HM Treasury. www.hm-treasury. gov.uk/d/pbr08_completereport_1721.pdf.
  • Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) (2009). National Statistics, London: HM Revenue and Customs. Web: www.hmrc.gov.uk/thelibrary/national-statistics.htm. adresinden 11 Ağustos 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2002). Encuesta Nacional Sobre Uso Del Tiempo. Web: www.inegi.gob.mx
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2006) Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares. Web: www. inegi.gob.mx adresinden 10 Eylül 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Jha P.S. (2002). "The Perilous Roaf to the Market: The Political Economy of Reform in Rusia, İndia and China ", Pluto Press, London.
  • Mccaffery, J.E., (1997). "Taxing Women", London University of Chicago Press.
  • Ministry of Finance (2008) Union Government Budget Document 2008–9, New Delhi: Government of India. Web: www.indiabudget.nic.in
  • Ministry of Fınance in India (2015) Indıan Publıc Fınance Statıstıcs 2014-2015, Mınıstry of Fınance Department of Economıc Affaırs Economıc Dıvısıon Government of Indıa, July 2015.
  • Morris, M. and Padayachee, V. (1988) State Reform Policy in South Africa, Transformation 7: 1–26
  • National Treasury (1999) Medium Term Budget Policy Statement, Pretoria, South Africa.
  • National Treasury (2000). Budget Review 2000, Pretoria, Department of Finance South Africa.
  • Price, D. (2007). "Closing The Gender Gap in Retirement Income: What Difference Will Recent UK Pension Reforms Make?, "Journal of Social Policy, 36(4): 561–83. Rao, M.G. and Rao, R.K. (2005). "Trends and Issues in Tax Policy and Reform in India", Tax Research Unit, Working Paper I, New Delhi: National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
  • Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP) (2005–2008) Ingreso Presupuestales Del Secor Publico. www.apartados.hacienda.gob.mx/clon_estadisticas/ index.html.
  • Smith, T. (2000). "Women and Tax in South Africa". In Debbie Budlender (ed.) The Fifth Women’s Budget. Cape Town and Pretoria, South Africa: IDASA (Institute for Democracy in South Africa). Web: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/publicfinance/ documents/gender/smith.pdf adresinden 10 Temmuz 2015’te alınmıştır.
  • Stotsky, J.G. (2005). "Sesgos de Género En Los Sistemas Fiscales", Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid, p. 2. www.presupuestoygenero.net/media/stotsky.pdf
  • Sugiyama, N., B. (2002), Gendered Budget Work in Americas: Selected Country Experinces, University of Austin Department of Government.
  • Şahin, M. (2011). "Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Bütçeleme (TCDB) Yazınına Kuşbakışı", Fe Dergi 3, Sayı 2 (2011), S.85-100.
  • Şenesen, G.G. (2008). "Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Bütçeleme: Türkiye İçin Bir Değerlendirme", Bütçe Sürecinde Parlamentonun Değişen Rolü Sempozyumu, 8-9 Ekim 2008, Afyonkarahisar, 1.Web:http://www.keig.org/raporlar/Gulay%20Senesen%20tcdb%20sunus.pdf adresinden 03.07.2014’de alınmıştır.
  • West Bengal Commercial Taxes Department (2003). "Schedules Under The West BengalValue Added Tax Act 2003. " Web: www.wbcomtax.nic.in/Act Rule Schedule Form/vatschedule.pdf. adresinden 15 Eylül 2016’da alınmıştır.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 46 - 75, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2019.02.003

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Armağan, R. (2007). "Türkiye’de Gelir ve Kurumlar Vergisi Oranlarında İndirimin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerine Etkileri", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Y.2007, C.12, 227-252.
  • Bellamy, K. (2002). "Gender Budgeting (A Background Paper For The Council of Europe’s Informal Network of Experts on Gender Budgeting) ", Council of Europe, UK Women's Budget Group Web:www.wbg.org.uk/pdf/gender%20budgetscouncil%20of%20europe%20bellamy%2 02003.pdf, adresinden 25 Şubat 2015’te alınmıştır.
  • Blundell, R.W. and Emmerson, C. (2Q003). "Fiscal Effects of Reforming The UK State Pension System", London: Institute for Fiscal Studies WP03/13.
  • Budlender, D., Casale D. and Valodia,I. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in South Africa", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London, Newyork.
  • Chakraborty, P., Chakraborty,L.S, Karmakar, K and Kapila S. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in India: An Inequal Burden? " Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London an Newyork.
  • De Henau., Himmelweit, S. and Santos, C. (2010). "Gender Equality and Taxation in the UK", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London and Newyork.
  • Eğitim Sendikası (2014). "2015 Yılı Merkezi Bütçe Görüşmelerinde “Kadınları Aile İçerisine Yerleştirme” Planları Yapılmaktadır. " Basın Açıklamaları.Web: http://egitimsen.org.tr/2015-yili-merkezi-butce-gorusmelerinde-kadinlari-aile-icerisine-yerlestirme-planlari-yapilmaktadir/ adresinden 1 Ocak 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Fagan, C., Urwin, P. and Melling, K. (2006) Gender Inequalities in the Risks of Poverty And Social Exclusion For Disadvantaged Groups in Thirty European Countries, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
  • Fragoso, L.C.P and Gonzalez, F.C., (2010). "Gender Analysis of Taxation in Mexico", Taxation and Gender Equity içinde, Edited by Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia International Development Research Centre, Routledge, London and Newyork.
  • Göğüsdere, C. (2018). "Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Vergilendirme: 2005-2016 Dönemi Bütçe Raporları, İlgili Mevzuat ve Düzenlemelerden Hareketle Türkiye Özelinde Bir İrdeleme", Gazi üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Hartzenburg, T. (1996). "Women and Taxation", in D. Budlender (ed.) The Women’s Budget, Cape Town: Institute for Democracy in South Africa.
  • Her Majesty’s (HM) Treasury (2008). Pre-budget Report, London: HM Treasury. www.hm-treasury. gov.uk/d/pbr08_completereport_1721.pdf.
  • Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) (2009). National Statistics, London: HM Revenue and Customs. Web: www.hmrc.gov.uk/thelibrary/national-statistics.htm. adresinden 11 Ağustos 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2002). Encuesta Nacional Sobre Uso Del Tiempo. Web: www.inegi.gob.mx
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2006) Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares. Web: www. inegi.gob.mx adresinden 10 Eylül 2016’da alınmıştır.
  • Jha P.S. (2002). "The Perilous Roaf to the Market: The Political Economy of Reform in Rusia, İndia and China ", Pluto Press, London.
  • Mccaffery, J.E., (1997). "Taxing Women", London University of Chicago Press.
  • Ministry of Finance (2008) Union Government Budget Document 2008–9, New Delhi: Government of India. Web: www.indiabudget.nic.in
  • Ministry of Fınance in India (2015) Indıan Publıc Fınance Statıstıcs 2014-2015, Mınıstry of Fınance Department of Economıc Affaırs Economıc Dıvısıon Government of Indıa, July 2015.
  • Morris, M. and Padayachee, V. (1988) State Reform Policy in South Africa, Transformation 7: 1–26
  • National Treasury (1999) Medium Term Budget Policy Statement, Pretoria, South Africa.
  • National Treasury (2000). Budget Review 2000, Pretoria, Department of Finance South Africa.
  • Price, D. (2007). "Closing The Gender Gap in Retirement Income: What Difference Will Recent UK Pension Reforms Make?, "Journal of Social Policy, 36(4): 561–83. Rao, M.G. and Rao, R.K. (2005). "Trends and Issues in Tax Policy and Reform in India", Tax Research Unit, Working Paper I, New Delhi: National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
  • Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP) (2005–2008) Ingreso Presupuestales Del Secor Publico. www.apartados.hacienda.gob.mx/clon_estadisticas/ index.html.
  • Smith, T. (2000). "Women and Tax in South Africa". In Debbie Budlender (ed.) The Fifth Women’s Budget. Cape Town and Pretoria, South Africa: IDASA (Institute for Democracy in South Africa). Web: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/publicfinance/ documents/gender/smith.pdf adresinden 10 Temmuz 2015’te alınmıştır.
  • Stotsky, J.G. (2005). "Sesgos de Género En Los Sistemas Fiscales", Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid, p. 2. www.presupuestoygenero.net/media/stotsky.pdf
  • Sugiyama, N., B. (2002), Gendered Budget Work in Americas: Selected Country Experinces, University of Austin Department of Government.
  • Şahin, M. (2011). "Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Bütçeleme (TCDB) Yazınına Kuşbakışı", Fe Dergi 3, Sayı 2 (2011), S.85-100.
  • Şenesen, G.G. (2008). "Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Bütçeleme: Türkiye İçin Bir Değerlendirme", Bütçe Sürecinde Parlamentonun Değişen Rolü Sempozyumu, 8-9 Ekim 2008, Afyonkarahisar, 1.Web:http://www.keig.org/raporlar/Gulay%20Senesen%20tcdb%20sunus.pdf adresinden 03.07.2014’de alınmıştır.
  • West Bengal Commercial Taxes Department (2003). "Schedules Under The West BengalValue Added Tax Act 2003. " Web: www.wbcomtax.nic.in/Act Rule Schedule Form/vatschedule.pdf. adresinden 15 Eylül 2016’da alınmıştır.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cahide Göğüsdere 0000-0002-6088-4595

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Göğüsdere, C. (2019). Gender Sensitive Taxation: A Comparative Analysis Specific to Country Examples. Fiscaoeconomia, 3(2), 46-75. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2019.02.003

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