BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29, 190 - 222, 21.04.2015

Öz

The current study aimed to examine secondary school student’s perceptions about scientists using metaphors. A total of 220 students from 6th and 8th grades of a secondary school in one of the central districts of Ankara province participated in the study. All students attending the specified classes took part in the study, therefore no sampling was required. The study was conducted in the fall semester of 2012-2013 academic year. Metaphor technique was utilized in the study to identify student perceptions regarding scientists and students were asked to fill in the blanks provided in the following sentence: “A scientist is like a……because………”.  Data obtained from the study were coded by three coders and interrater reliability was found to be 0,94, 0,95 and 0,97. At the end of the study a conceptual framework composed of 3 main categories, 6 sub categories and 23 codes representing student perceptions was obtained. Conceptual framework pointed to the fact that student perceptions regarding scientists had a highly complex structure. The conceptual framework is expected to direct future studies in the field in analyzing and interpreting student perceptions. Based on the findings, it is identified that metaphors can be used as alternative data collection tools in identifying student perceptions of scientists. 

Kaynakça

  • Adıguzel, H. O. (2009). Determination and comparison of German and Turkish participants’ perceptions of creative drama through the metaphor (simile) method. Education and Science, 34 (153), 25-37.
  • Akcay, B. (2011). Turkish elementary and secondary students’ views about science and scientist. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 12(1), 1-11.
  • Anderson, I. K. (2006). The relevance of science education: As seen by pupils in Ghanaian junior secondary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of the Western Cape, Department of Mathematics and Science Education.
  • Balcı, A. (1999). Metaphorical images of school: School perceptions of students, teachers and parents from four selected schools. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Barman C. R., Ostlund, K. L., Gatto, C. C., Halferty, M. (1997). Fifth grade students’ perceptions about scientists and how theystudy and use science. Association for the Education of Teachers in Science (AETS) Conference Papers and Summaries of Presentations.
  • Becerikli, S. (1999). Metaforlar yoluyla orgut kulturunu anlamak. Gazi Universiy Iletisim Dergisi, 1.
  • Bovina, I. B. & Dragul'skaia, L. I. (2008). College students' representations of science and the scientist. Russian Education and Society, 50(1), 44-64.
  • Bowtell, E. (1996). Educational stereotyping: Children's perceptions of scientists: 1990's style. Australian Primary & Junior Science Journal, 12(1).
  • Boylan, C. R., Hill, D. M., Wallace, A. R. & Wheeler, A. E. (1992) Beyond stereotypes. Science Education, 76, 465 – 476.
  • Beardslee, D. C. & O'Dowd, D. D. (1961). The College-Student Image of the Scientist. Science, 133 (3457), 997-1001. DOI: 10.1126/science.133.3457.997.
  • Buldu, M. (2006). Young children’s perceptions of scientists: a preliminary study. Educational Research, 48(1) , 121–132.
  • Chambers, D. W. (1983). Stereotypic images of the scientist: The A-Draw-Scientist-Test. Science Education, 67(2), 255–265.
  • Cerit, Y. (2006). School metaphors: The views of students, teachers and administrator. Educational Sciences:Theory & Practice, 6(3), 669–699.
  • Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 3rd edition. SAGE Publications - ISBN 9781412995306
  • Demirbas, M. (2009). The relationships between the scientist perception and scientific attitudes of science teacher candidates in Turkey: A case study. Scientific Research and Essay, 4 (6), 565-576.
  • Dikmenli, M. (2010). Undergraduate biology students’ representations of science and the scientist. College Student Journal Part B, 44(2).
  • Dorkins, H. (1977). Sixth form attitudes to science. New Scientist, 75, 523-524.
  • Farland, D. (2003). Modified draw-a-scientist test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.
  • Farland, D., & McComas, W. (2006). Deconstructing the DAST: Development of a valid and reliable tool for assessing students’ perceptions of scientists. Paper presented at the Association of Science Teacher Education Conference, Clearwater, FL.
  • Finson, K. D., Beaver, J. B. & Cramond, B. L. (1995). Development and field tests of a checklist for the draw-a-scientist test. School Science and Mathematics, 95 (4), 195-205.
  • Finson, K. D. (2009). What drawings reveal about perceptions of scientists: Visual data operationally defined. In J. E. Pederson & K. D. Finson (Eds.), Visual data: Understanding and applying visual data to research in education (pp. 59–77). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.
  • Flick, L. (1990). Scientist in residence program improving children’s image of science and scientists. School Science and Mathematics, 90, 205-214.
  • Fung, Y. Y. H. (2002) A Comparative study of primary and secondary school students' images of acientists. Research in Science & Technological Education, 20(2), 199-213, DOI: 10.1080/0263514022000030453.
  • Group, P. (2007). MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(1), 1–39.
  • Guerrero, M. & Villamil, S. (2002). Metaphorical conceptualizations of ESL teaching and learning. Language Teaching Research, 6, 95-120.
  • Guler, T. & Akman, B. (2006). 6 year old children’s views on science and scientists. Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty, 31, 55-66.
  • Guner, N. (2013). Pre-service teachers’ metaphors about mathematics. NWSA-Education Sciences, 8(4), 428-440.
  • Jackson, T. (1992). Perceptions of scientists among elementary school children. The Australian Science Teachers Journal, 38(1), 57–61.
  • Kara, B. & Akarsu, B. (2013). Determining the attitudes towards and images of the scientists among middle school students. Journal of European Education, 3(1), 8-15.
  • Koren, P. & Bar, V. (2009) Pupils’ image of ‘the scientist’ among two communities in Israel: A comparative study. International Journal of Science Education, 31(18), 2485-2509, doi: 10.1080/09500690802449375.
  • Krajkovich, J. G. & Smith, J. K. (1982): The development of the image of science and scientists scale. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 19, 39-44.
  • Lakoff, G. ve Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Maoldomhnaigh, M. & Hunt, A. (1988). Some factors affecting the image of the scientist drawn by older primary school pupils. Research in Science & Technological Education, 6, 159-166.
  • Maoldomhnaigh, M. O. & Mhaolain, V. N. (1990). The perceived expectation of the administrator as a factor affecting the sex of scientists drawn by early adolescent girls. Research in Science and Technological Education, 8 (1), 69-74.
  • Mason, C., Kahle, J. & Gardner, A. (1991). Draw-A-Scientist Test: Future implications. School Science and Mathematics, 91(5), 193-198.
  • Mead, M. & Metraux, R. (1957). Images of the scientists among high-school students. Science, 126, 384-390.
  • Miles, M. B. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Milford, T. M. & Tippett, C. D. (2013). Preservice teachers’ images of scientists: Do prior science experiences make a difference?. J Sci Teacher Educ., 24, 745–762. doi:10.1007/s10972-012-9304-1.
  • Monhardt, R. M. (2003). The image of the scientist through the eyes of Navajo children. Journal of American Indian Education, 42(3), 25–39.
  • Morin, E. (1994). Ciência com Consciência. Mem Martins: Publicações Europa-América.
  • Nuhoglu, H. & Afacan, O. (2011). Evaluation of the primary school students’ view about scientists. Journal of Kırsehir Education Faculty, 12(3), 279-298.
  • Ocal, E. (2007). İlköğretim 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin bilim insanı hakkındaki imaj ve görüşleri. Yayınlanmamış Y. Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü:Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Palmer, D. H. (1997). Investigating students’ private perceptions of scientists and their work. Research in Science & Technological Education, 15(2), 173-183. doi:10.1080/0263514970150204.
  • Parsons, E. C. (1997) Black high school females’ images of the scientist: expression of culture. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 7, 745–768.
  • Petkova, K., & Boyadjieva, P. (1994) The Image of the Scientist and Its Functions. Public Understanding of Science, 3, 215–24.
  • Rampal, A. (1992). Images of science and scientists: A study of school teachers’ views. I. characteristics of scientists. Science Education, 76 (4), 415-436.
  • Ruão, T., Neves, I. C., Botelho, G. & Nogueira, P. (2012). Science image in Portugal: Studying high school students. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 6(4), 169-179.
  • Rodari, P. (2007). Science and scientists in the drawings of European children. JCom, 6(3), 1-12.
  • Rosenthal, D. B. (1993). Images of scientists: A comparison of biology and liberal studies majors. School Science and Mathematics, 93(4), 212–216.
  • Samaras, G., Bonoti, F. & Christidou, V. (2012). Exploring student’s perceptions of scientists through drawings and interviews. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1541-1546.
  • Scherz, Z., & Oren, M. (2006). How to change students‘ images of science and technology. Science Education, 90(6), 965-985. doi: 10.1002/sce.20159.
  • Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic Metaphor Analysis as a Method of Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358–394.
  • She, H. (1995) Elementary and middle school students’ image of science and scientists related to current science textbooks in Taiwan. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 4(4), 283–294.
  • Sjøberg, S. (2002). Science for the children? Report From the Science and Scientist Project-Acta Didactica-(1/2002). Department of Teacher Education and School Department, University of Oslo.
  • Song, J. & Kim, K. S. (1999). How Korean students see scientists: the images of the scientist. International Journal of Science Education, 21, 957-977.
  • Symington, D. & Spurling, H. (1990) The Draw-a-Scientist Test: Interpreting the data. Res Sci Technol Educ, 8, 75–77.

ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BİLİM İNSANI ALGILARI: METAFORİK ANALİZ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29, 190 - 222, 21.04.2015

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilim insanı algılarını incelemektir. Araştırmaya Ankara’da bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 220 altı ve sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Okulda öğrenim gören tüm altı ve sekizinci sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrenciler araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmada uygulama 2012-2013 öğretim yılında yapılmıştır. Uygulamada öğrencilerin bilim insanına yönelik algılarını belirlemek için metaphor tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğrencilerin “Bilim insanı ……. gibidir. Çünkü………..” ifadesindeki boşlukları doldurarak bilim insanı kavramını mecazlayarak açıklamaları istenmiştir. Uygulama sonucu elde edilen veriler üç kodlayıcı tarafından ayrı ayrı kodlanmıştır. Kodlayıcıların verdiği kodların 94%, 95% ve 97% oranında tutarlı olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin bilim insanına yönelik algılarının 3 temel kategori, 6 alt kategori ve 23 kod altında toplandığı bulunmuştur. Bu çerçevede öğrencilerin bilim insanına yönelik algılarının çok kompleks olduğu ve metaphor tekniğinin bu alanda alternatif bir veri toplama aracı olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Adıguzel, H. O. (2009). Determination and comparison of German and Turkish participants’ perceptions of creative drama through the metaphor (simile) method. Education and Science, 34 (153), 25-37.
  • Akcay, B. (2011). Turkish elementary and secondary students’ views about science and scientist. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 12(1), 1-11.
  • Anderson, I. K. (2006). The relevance of science education: As seen by pupils in Ghanaian junior secondary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of the Western Cape, Department of Mathematics and Science Education.
  • Balcı, A. (1999). Metaphorical images of school: School perceptions of students, teachers and parents from four selected schools. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Barman C. R., Ostlund, K. L., Gatto, C. C., Halferty, M. (1997). Fifth grade students’ perceptions about scientists and how theystudy and use science. Association for the Education of Teachers in Science (AETS) Conference Papers and Summaries of Presentations.
  • Becerikli, S. (1999). Metaforlar yoluyla orgut kulturunu anlamak. Gazi Universiy Iletisim Dergisi, 1.
  • Bovina, I. B. & Dragul'skaia, L. I. (2008). College students' representations of science and the scientist. Russian Education and Society, 50(1), 44-64.
  • Bowtell, E. (1996). Educational stereotyping: Children's perceptions of scientists: 1990's style. Australian Primary & Junior Science Journal, 12(1).
  • Boylan, C. R., Hill, D. M., Wallace, A. R. & Wheeler, A. E. (1992) Beyond stereotypes. Science Education, 76, 465 – 476.
  • Beardslee, D. C. & O'Dowd, D. D. (1961). The College-Student Image of the Scientist. Science, 133 (3457), 997-1001. DOI: 10.1126/science.133.3457.997.
  • Buldu, M. (2006). Young children’s perceptions of scientists: a preliminary study. Educational Research, 48(1) , 121–132.
  • Chambers, D. W. (1983). Stereotypic images of the scientist: The A-Draw-Scientist-Test. Science Education, 67(2), 255–265.
  • Cerit, Y. (2006). School metaphors: The views of students, teachers and administrator. Educational Sciences:Theory & Practice, 6(3), 669–699.
  • Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 3rd edition. SAGE Publications - ISBN 9781412995306
  • Demirbas, M. (2009). The relationships between the scientist perception and scientific attitudes of science teacher candidates in Turkey: A case study. Scientific Research and Essay, 4 (6), 565-576.
  • Dikmenli, M. (2010). Undergraduate biology students’ representations of science and the scientist. College Student Journal Part B, 44(2).
  • Dorkins, H. (1977). Sixth form attitudes to science. New Scientist, 75, 523-524.
  • Farland, D. (2003). Modified draw-a-scientist test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.
  • Farland, D., & McComas, W. (2006). Deconstructing the DAST: Development of a valid and reliable tool for assessing students’ perceptions of scientists. Paper presented at the Association of Science Teacher Education Conference, Clearwater, FL.
  • Finson, K. D., Beaver, J. B. & Cramond, B. L. (1995). Development and field tests of a checklist for the draw-a-scientist test. School Science and Mathematics, 95 (4), 195-205.
  • Finson, K. D. (2009). What drawings reveal about perceptions of scientists: Visual data operationally defined. In J. E. Pederson & K. D. Finson (Eds.), Visual data: Understanding and applying visual data to research in education (pp. 59–77). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.
  • Flick, L. (1990). Scientist in residence program improving children’s image of science and scientists. School Science and Mathematics, 90, 205-214.
  • Fung, Y. Y. H. (2002) A Comparative study of primary and secondary school students' images of acientists. Research in Science & Technological Education, 20(2), 199-213, DOI: 10.1080/0263514022000030453.
  • Group, P. (2007). MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(1), 1–39.
  • Guerrero, M. & Villamil, S. (2002). Metaphorical conceptualizations of ESL teaching and learning. Language Teaching Research, 6, 95-120.
  • Guler, T. & Akman, B. (2006). 6 year old children’s views on science and scientists. Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty, 31, 55-66.
  • Guner, N. (2013). Pre-service teachers’ metaphors about mathematics. NWSA-Education Sciences, 8(4), 428-440.
  • Jackson, T. (1992). Perceptions of scientists among elementary school children. The Australian Science Teachers Journal, 38(1), 57–61.
  • Kara, B. & Akarsu, B. (2013). Determining the attitudes towards and images of the scientists among middle school students. Journal of European Education, 3(1), 8-15.
  • Koren, P. & Bar, V. (2009) Pupils’ image of ‘the scientist’ among two communities in Israel: A comparative study. International Journal of Science Education, 31(18), 2485-2509, doi: 10.1080/09500690802449375.
  • Krajkovich, J. G. & Smith, J. K. (1982): The development of the image of science and scientists scale. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 19, 39-44.
  • Lakoff, G. ve Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Maoldomhnaigh, M. & Hunt, A. (1988). Some factors affecting the image of the scientist drawn by older primary school pupils. Research in Science & Technological Education, 6, 159-166.
  • Maoldomhnaigh, M. O. & Mhaolain, V. N. (1990). The perceived expectation of the administrator as a factor affecting the sex of scientists drawn by early adolescent girls. Research in Science and Technological Education, 8 (1), 69-74.
  • Mason, C., Kahle, J. & Gardner, A. (1991). Draw-A-Scientist Test: Future implications. School Science and Mathematics, 91(5), 193-198.
  • Mead, M. & Metraux, R. (1957). Images of the scientists among high-school students. Science, 126, 384-390.
  • Miles, M. B. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Milford, T. M. & Tippett, C. D. (2013). Preservice teachers’ images of scientists: Do prior science experiences make a difference?. J Sci Teacher Educ., 24, 745–762. doi:10.1007/s10972-012-9304-1.
  • Monhardt, R. M. (2003). The image of the scientist through the eyes of Navajo children. Journal of American Indian Education, 42(3), 25–39.
  • Morin, E. (1994). Ciência com Consciência. Mem Martins: Publicações Europa-América.
  • Nuhoglu, H. & Afacan, O. (2011). Evaluation of the primary school students’ view about scientists. Journal of Kırsehir Education Faculty, 12(3), 279-298.
  • Ocal, E. (2007). İlköğretim 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin bilim insanı hakkındaki imaj ve görüşleri. Yayınlanmamış Y. Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü:Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Palmer, D. H. (1997). Investigating students’ private perceptions of scientists and their work. Research in Science & Technological Education, 15(2), 173-183. doi:10.1080/0263514970150204.
  • Parsons, E. C. (1997) Black high school females’ images of the scientist: expression of culture. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 7, 745–768.
  • Petkova, K., & Boyadjieva, P. (1994) The Image of the Scientist and Its Functions. Public Understanding of Science, 3, 215–24.
  • Rampal, A. (1992). Images of science and scientists: A study of school teachers’ views. I. characteristics of scientists. Science Education, 76 (4), 415-436.
  • Ruão, T., Neves, I. C., Botelho, G. & Nogueira, P. (2012). Science image in Portugal: Studying high school students. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 6(4), 169-179.
  • Rodari, P. (2007). Science and scientists in the drawings of European children. JCom, 6(3), 1-12.
  • Rosenthal, D. B. (1993). Images of scientists: A comparison of biology and liberal studies majors. School Science and Mathematics, 93(4), 212–216.
  • Samaras, G., Bonoti, F. & Christidou, V. (2012). Exploring student’s perceptions of scientists through drawings and interviews. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1541-1546.
  • Scherz, Z., & Oren, M. (2006). How to change students‘ images of science and technology. Science Education, 90(6), 965-985. doi: 10.1002/sce.20159.
  • Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic Metaphor Analysis as a Method of Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358–394.
  • She, H. (1995) Elementary and middle school students’ image of science and scientists related to current science textbooks in Taiwan. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 4(4), 283–294.
  • Sjøberg, S. (2002). Science for the children? Report From the Science and Scientist Project-Acta Didactica-(1/2002). Department of Teacher Education and School Department, University of Oslo.
  • Song, J. & Kim, K. S. (1999). How Korean students see scientists: the images of the scientist. International Journal of Science Education, 21, 957-977.
  • Symington, D. & Spurling, H. (1990) The Draw-a-Scientist Test: Interpreting the data. Res Sci Technol Educ, 8, 75–77.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sedat Karaçam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaçam, S. (2015). Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(29), 190-222.
AMA Karaçam S. Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Nisan 2015;12(29):190-222.
Chicago Karaçam, Sedat. “Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12, sy. 29 (Nisan 2015): 190-222.
EndNote Karaçam S (01 Nisan 2015) Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12 29 190–222.
IEEE S. Karaçam, “Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 29, ss. 190–222, 2015.
ISNAD Karaçam, Sedat. “Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12/29 (Nisan 2015), 190-222.
JAMA Karaçam S. Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;12:190–222.
MLA Karaçam, Sedat. “Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 29, 2015, ss. 190-22.
Vancouver Karaçam S. Secondary School Students’ Perceptions About Scientist:Metaphorical Analysis. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;12(29):190-222.

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