ÇOK KADEMELİ BİR TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ AĞI İÇİN ÜRETİM-DAĞITIM VE TERSİNE LOJİSTİK PLANLAMASI
Öz
Tedarik zinciri genel tanımıyla; ürün ve hizmetin hammaddeden başlayıp son müşteriye ulaşana kadar geçirdiği talep tahmini, tedarik, üretim, stok, dağıtım, geri dönüşüm vb. işlemlerin, bilgi ve fiziksel ürün akışının bütününü içeren sistemdir. Tedarik Zinciri Ağında yer alan işlemlerin ayrı ayrı planlanması, her planlama adımındaki kararların diğerini zincirleme etkilemesi nedeniyle yanlış kararlara neden olabilmektedir. Oysa ağ üzerinde bir ürünün ne zaman, ne miktarda üretileceği, hangi araçla ne miktarda dağıtılacağı ve ne zaman nereden ne miktarda geri toplanacağı birlikte planlandığında maliyet ve kalite bakımından daha doğru kararlar verilebilecektir.
Bu
çalışmada, bozulabilir bir ürünün, bir fabrikada üretimi, bu fabrikadan birden
fazla dağıtım merkezine birden fazla araç ile dağıtımı ve iade ürünlerin geri
toplanarak yeniden işleme merkezine satılmasını birleşik ele alan çok kademeli
bir tedarik zinciri ağı tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen karma tamsayılı
programlama modelin amacı, toplam üretim, ileri ve geri dağıtım ve stok
maliyetlerini (sabit üretim, değişken üretim, fabrikadaki stok, dağıtım merkezindeki
stok ve aracı kullanmanın ve geri dönüşüm merkezine uğramanın sabit ulaştırma
maliyetleri toplamı) en az yapmaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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