Araştırma Makalesi
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Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 64, 97 - 106, 24.01.2020

Alper Calam

https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2020226410

Öz



In
the current study, combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a
direct injection diesel engine fuelled with the blends of 50% waste frying
oil biodiesel - 50% diesel fuel and nate waste frying oil biodiesel were
investigated experimentally. Test engine was opareted between 1750
– 3000 rpm engine speed range. Also the test
engine was run at 2200 rpm and 3.75, 7.5, 11.25 and 15 Nm engine
loads. The variations of in-cylinder pressure, heat release, combustion
duration, engine torque and specific fuel consumption were observed. In
addition, exhaust emissions were also examined comparatively. While using the
blended and nate biodiesel fuels, the in-cylinder pressure increased for all
engine loads. At the engine speed where maximum engine torque is obtained,
engine torque decreased by 1.63 % and 3.25 %, respectively, when using B50
and B100 fuel compared to diesel fuel. Under the same test conditions,
specific fuel consumption worsened by 7.63 % and 15.39 % respectively. While
using the biodiesel fuels, combustion duration shortened because of the
oxygen content. Under full load conditions, CO emissions were reduced by 24.4
% and 39.37 % respectively when using B50 and B100 fuels. Under the same
conditions, NOx emissions worsened by 29.4 % and 50.45 %. Oxygen content
reduced the soot emissions of B50 and B100 fuels by 58.8 % and 69.25 %
respectively. As a result, B50 could be easily used without engine
modifications in diesel engine.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions

Kaynakça

  • Imdadul, H. K., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Zulkifli, N. W. M., Alabdulkarem, A., Kamruzzaman, M., Rashed, M. M. A. 2016. Comparative study of C4 and C5 alcohol treated diesel–biodiesel blends in terms of diesel engine performance and exhaust emission, Fuel, Cilt. 179, s. 281-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.003
  • Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Yılmaz, E., Yamık, H., Polat, S. 2014. Experimental examination of the effects of military aviation fuel JP-8 and biodiesel fuel blends on the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion in a direct injection engine, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt. 128, s. 158-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.07.013
  • Çelikten, İ., Mutlu, E., Solmaz, H. 2012. Variation of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel, rapeseed oil and hazelnut oil methyl ester blends, Renewable Energy, Cilt. 48, s. 122-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.04.040
  • Can, Ö. 2014. Combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a waste cooking oil biodiesel mixture, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 87, s. 676-686. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.066
  • How, H. G., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Teoh, Y. H., Chuah, H. G. 2018. Effect of Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel-diesel blends on combustion, performance, exhaust particulate matter and gaseous emissions in a multi-cylinder diesel engine, Fuel, Cilt. 227, s. 154-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.075
  • Jayed, M. H., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Mahlia, T. M. I., Husnawan, M., Liaquat, A. M. 2011. Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 15(1), s. 220-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.002
  • Tamilselvan, P., Nallusamy, N., Rajkumar, S. A. 2017. Comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 79, s. 1134-1159. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.176
  • Bueno, A. V., Pereira, M. P. B., Oliveira, J. V. P., Luna, F. M. T., Cavalcante, Jr C. L. 2017. Performance and emissions characteristics of castor oil biodiesel fuel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, Cilt. 125, s. 559-566. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.114
  • Rashedul, H. K., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Ashraful, A. M., Rahman, S. A., Shahir, S. A. 2014. The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 88, s. 348-364. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.034
  • Al_Dawody, M. F., Bhatti, S. K. 2014. Experimental and computational investigations for combustion, performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel-diesel blends, Energy Procedia, Cilt. 52, s. 421-430. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.094
  • Mahmudul, H. M., Hagos, F. Y., Mamat, R., Adam, A. A., Ishak, W. F. W., Alenezi, R. 2017. Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines–A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 72, s. 497-509. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.001
  • How, H. G., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Teoh, Y. H. 2014. Engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fuelled with bioethanol as a fuel additive in coconut oil biodiesel blends, Energy Procedia, 61, 1655-1659. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.185
  • Yasin, M. H. M., Mamat, R., Yusop, A. F., Rahim, R., Aziz, A., Shah, L. A. 2013. Fuel physical characteristics of biodiesel blend fuels with alcohol as additives, Procedia Engineering, Cilt. 53, s. 701-706. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.091
  • Campos-Fernandez, J., Arnal, J. M., Gomez, J., Lacalle, N., Dorado, M. P. 2013. Performance tests of a diesel engine fueled with pentanol/diesel fuel blends, Fuel, Cilt. 107, s. 866-872. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.066
  • Niemi, S. A., Illikainen, P. E., Mäkinen, M. L., Laiho, V. O. 1997. Performance and exhaust emissions of a tractor engine using mustard seed oil as fuel, SAE Technical Paper, No. 970219. DOI: 10.4271/970219
  • Halek, F., Delavari, A., Kavousi-rahim, A. 2013. Production of biodiesel as a renewable energy source from castor oil, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Cilt. 15(6), s. 1063-1068. DOI: 10.1007/s10098-012-0570-6
  • Wilkes, M. A., Takei, I., Caldwell, R. A., Trethowan, R. M. 2013. The effect of genotype and environment on biodiesel quality prepared from Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in Australia, Industrial Crops and Products, Cilt. 48, s. 124-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.04.016
  • Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. 2008. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Cilt. 34(2), s. 198-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
  • Ghazali, W. N. M. W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, H. H., Najafi, G. 2015. Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 51, s. 585-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.031
  • Srithar, K., Balasubramanian, K. A., Pavendan, V., Kumar, B. A. 2017. Experimental investigations on mixing of two biodiesels blended with diesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines, Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 29(1), s. 50-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2014.04.008
  • Bruwer, J. J., Hugo, F. J. C., Hawkins, C. 1980. Sunflower seed oil as an extender for diesel fuel in agricultural tractors, Symposium of the South African Institute of Agricultural Engineers.
  • Tahir, A. R., Lapp, H. M., Buchanan, L. C. 1982. Sunflower oil as a fuel for compression ignition engines, University of Manitoba, Department of Agricultural Engineering, M.Sc., 82s., Winnipeg.
  • Engler, C. R., Johnson, L. A., Lepori, W. A., Yarbrough, C. M. 1983. Effects of processing and chemical characteristics of plant oils on performance of an indirect‐injection diesel engine, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Cilt. 60(8), s. 1592-1596. DOI: 10.1007/BF02666591
  • Van der Walt, A. N., Hugo, F. J. C. 1982. Attempts to prevent injector cooking with sunflower oil by engine modifications and fuel additives, Vegetable Oil Fuels-Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils as Fuels, 2 Ağustos, Fargo.
  • Hawkins, C. S., Fuls, J., Hugo, F. J. C. 1983. Engine durability tests with sunflower oil in an indirect injection diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper, No. 831357. DOI: 10.4271/831357
  • Karaosmanoǧlu, F., Kurt, G., Özaktaş, T. 2000. Long term CI engine test of sunflower oil, Renewable energy, Cilt. 19(1-2), s. 219-221. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-1481(99)00034-8
  • Karaosmanoglu, F., Kurt, G., Ozaktas, T. 2000. Direct use of sunflower oil as a compression-ignition engine fuel, Energy Sources, Cilt. 22(7), s. 659-672. DOI: 10.1080/00908310050045618
  • Özaktas, T. 2000. Compression ignition engine fuel properties of a used sunflower oil-diesel fuel blend, Energy Sources, Cilt. 22(4), s. 377-382. DOI: 10.1080/00908310050013974
  • Çanakci, M., Ozsezen, A. N., Turkcan, A. 2009. Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine, Biomass and Bioenergy, Cilt. 33(5), s. 760-767. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.11.003
  • Usta, N., Öztürk, E., Can, Ö., Conkur, E. S., Nas, S., Con, A. H., Topcu, M. 2005. Combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture in a diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 46(5), s. 741-755. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.05.001
  • Lin, Y. C., Hsu, K. H., Chen, C. B. 2011. Experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel/ultra-low sulfur diesel blends, Energy, Cilt. 36(1), s. 241-248. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.045
  • Aksoy, F. 2011. The effect of opium poppy oil diesel fuel mixture on engine performance and emissions, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, Cilt. 8(1), s. 57-62.
  • Rakopoulos, C. D., Rakopoulos, D. C., Hountalas, D. T., Giakoumis, E. G., Andritsakis, E. C. 2008. Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuel with bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greek feedstock, Fuel, Cilt. 87(2), s. 147-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.011
  • Özsezen, A. N., Canakci, M., Turkcan A., Sayin C. 2009. Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters, Fuel, Cilt. 88(4), s. 629-636. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.09.023
  • Heywood, J. B. 1988. Combustion in compression-ignition engines. Internal combustion engine fundamentals, Mcgraw-hill, New York.

Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 64, 97 - 106, 24.01.2020

Alper Calam

https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2020226410

Öz

Bu çalışmada %50 atık kızartma yağı biyodizeli - %50
dizel yakıt karışımı (B50) ve saf atık kızartma yağı biyodizeli (B100) ile
çalışan direkt enjeksiyonlu bir dizel motorda yanma, motor performansı ve egzoz
emisyonları deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. 
Deney motoru 1750 – 3000 d/d motor devri aralığında çalıştırılmıştır.
Ayrıca maksimum tork devri olan 2200 d/d motor hızında 3,75, 7,5, 11,25 ve 15
Nm motor yüklerinde çalıştırılmıştır. Silindir
içi basınç, ısı dağılımı, yanma süresi, motor momenti ve özgül yakıt tüketimi
gibi yanma ve motor performans parametrelerinin değişimleri incelenmiştir.
Ayrıca egzoz emisyonları da karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Karışım
ve saf biyodizel yakıtı kullanımında tüm motor yüklerinde silindir içi basınç
artış göstermiştir. Maksimum motor momentinin elde edildiği motor devrinde
dizel yakıtına göre B50 ve B100 yakıtı kullanımında motor momenti sırası ile %
1,63 ve % 3,25 azalmıştır. Aynı deney şartları altında özgül yakıt tüketimi ise
sırası ile % 7,63 ve %15,39 kötüleşmiştir. Biyodizel yakıtların kullanımında
oksijen içeriği nedeniyle yanma süresi kısalmıştır. Tam yük şartları altında
B50 ve B100 yakıtları kullanımında sırası ile CO emisyonları % 24,4 ve % 39,37
oranında azalmıştır. Aynı şartlarda NOx emisyonları % 29,4 ve %
50,45 kötüleşmiştir. Oksijen içeriği B50 ve B100 yakıtlarının is emisyonlarını
sırası ile % 58,8 ve % 69,25 oranında iyileştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak B50 yakıtı
dizel motor üzerinde herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmaksızın kolayca kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizel Motor Performansı Egzoz Emisyonları

Kaynakça

  • Imdadul, H. K., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Zulkifli, N. W. M., Alabdulkarem, A., Kamruzzaman, M., Rashed, M. M. A. 2016. Comparative study of C4 and C5 alcohol treated diesel–biodiesel blends in terms of diesel engine performance and exhaust emission, Fuel, Cilt. 179, s. 281-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.003
  • Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Yılmaz, E., Yamık, H., Polat, S. 2014. Experimental examination of the effects of military aviation fuel JP-8 and biodiesel fuel blends on the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion in a direct injection engine, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt. 128, s. 158-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.07.013
  • Çelikten, İ., Mutlu, E., Solmaz, H. 2012. Variation of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel, rapeseed oil and hazelnut oil methyl ester blends, Renewable Energy, Cilt. 48, s. 122-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.04.040
  • Can, Ö. 2014. Combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a waste cooking oil biodiesel mixture, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 87, s. 676-686. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.066
  • How, H. G., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Teoh, Y. H., Chuah, H. G. 2018. Effect of Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel-diesel blends on combustion, performance, exhaust particulate matter and gaseous emissions in a multi-cylinder diesel engine, Fuel, Cilt. 227, s. 154-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.075
  • Jayed, M. H., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Mahlia, T. M. I., Husnawan, M., Liaquat, A. M. 2011. Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 15(1), s. 220-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.002
  • Tamilselvan, P., Nallusamy, N., Rajkumar, S. A. 2017. Comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 79, s. 1134-1159. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.176
  • Bueno, A. V., Pereira, M. P. B., Oliveira, J. V. P., Luna, F. M. T., Cavalcante, Jr C. L. 2017. Performance and emissions characteristics of castor oil biodiesel fuel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, Cilt. 125, s. 559-566. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.114
  • Rashedul, H. K., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Ashraful, A. M., Rahman, S. A., Shahir, S. A. 2014. The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 88, s. 348-364. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.034
  • Al_Dawody, M. F., Bhatti, S. K. 2014. Experimental and computational investigations for combustion, performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel-diesel blends, Energy Procedia, Cilt. 52, s. 421-430. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.094
  • Mahmudul, H. M., Hagos, F. Y., Mamat, R., Adam, A. A., Ishak, W. F. W., Alenezi, R. 2017. Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines–A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 72, s. 497-509. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.001
  • How, H. G., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Teoh, Y. H. 2014. Engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fuelled with bioethanol as a fuel additive in coconut oil biodiesel blends, Energy Procedia, 61, 1655-1659. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.185
  • Yasin, M. H. M., Mamat, R., Yusop, A. F., Rahim, R., Aziz, A., Shah, L. A. 2013. Fuel physical characteristics of biodiesel blend fuels with alcohol as additives, Procedia Engineering, Cilt. 53, s. 701-706. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.091
  • Campos-Fernandez, J., Arnal, J. M., Gomez, J., Lacalle, N., Dorado, M. P. 2013. Performance tests of a diesel engine fueled with pentanol/diesel fuel blends, Fuel, Cilt. 107, s. 866-872. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.066
  • Niemi, S. A., Illikainen, P. E., Mäkinen, M. L., Laiho, V. O. 1997. Performance and exhaust emissions of a tractor engine using mustard seed oil as fuel, SAE Technical Paper, No. 970219. DOI: 10.4271/970219
  • Halek, F., Delavari, A., Kavousi-rahim, A. 2013. Production of biodiesel as a renewable energy source from castor oil, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Cilt. 15(6), s. 1063-1068. DOI: 10.1007/s10098-012-0570-6
  • Wilkes, M. A., Takei, I., Caldwell, R. A., Trethowan, R. M. 2013. The effect of genotype and environment on biodiesel quality prepared from Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in Australia, Industrial Crops and Products, Cilt. 48, s. 124-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.04.016
  • Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. 2008. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Cilt. 34(2), s. 198-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
  • Ghazali, W. N. M. W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, H. H., Najafi, G. 2015. Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt. 51, s. 585-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.031
  • Srithar, K., Balasubramanian, K. A., Pavendan, V., Kumar, B. A. 2017. Experimental investigations on mixing of two biodiesels blended with diesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines, Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 29(1), s. 50-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2014.04.008
  • Bruwer, J. J., Hugo, F. J. C., Hawkins, C. 1980. Sunflower seed oil as an extender for diesel fuel in agricultural tractors, Symposium of the South African Institute of Agricultural Engineers.
  • Tahir, A. R., Lapp, H. M., Buchanan, L. C. 1982. Sunflower oil as a fuel for compression ignition engines, University of Manitoba, Department of Agricultural Engineering, M.Sc., 82s., Winnipeg.
  • Engler, C. R., Johnson, L. A., Lepori, W. A., Yarbrough, C. M. 1983. Effects of processing and chemical characteristics of plant oils on performance of an indirect‐injection diesel engine, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Cilt. 60(8), s. 1592-1596. DOI: 10.1007/BF02666591
  • Van der Walt, A. N., Hugo, F. J. C. 1982. Attempts to prevent injector cooking with sunflower oil by engine modifications and fuel additives, Vegetable Oil Fuels-Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils as Fuels, 2 Ağustos, Fargo.
  • Hawkins, C. S., Fuls, J., Hugo, F. J. C. 1983. Engine durability tests with sunflower oil in an indirect injection diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper, No. 831357. DOI: 10.4271/831357
  • Karaosmanoǧlu, F., Kurt, G., Özaktaş, T. 2000. Long term CI engine test of sunflower oil, Renewable energy, Cilt. 19(1-2), s. 219-221. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-1481(99)00034-8
  • Karaosmanoglu, F., Kurt, G., Ozaktas, T. 2000. Direct use of sunflower oil as a compression-ignition engine fuel, Energy Sources, Cilt. 22(7), s. 659-672. DOI: 10.1080/00908310050045618
  • Özaktas, T. 2000. Compression ignition engine fuel properties of a used sunflower oil-diesel fuel blend, Energy Sources, Cilt. 22(4), s. 377-382. DOI: 10.1080/00908310050013974
  • Çanakci, M., Ozsezen, A. N., Turkcan, A. 2009. Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine, Biomass and Bioenergy, Cilt. 33(5), s. 760-767. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.11.003
  • Usta, N., Öztürk, E., Can, Ö., Conkur, E. S., Nas, S., Con, A. H., Topcu, M. 2005. Combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture in a diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 46(5), s. 741-755. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.05.001
  • Lin, Y. C., Hsu, K. H., Chen, C. B. 2011. Experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel/ultra-low sulfur diesel blends, Energy, Cilt. 36(1), s. 241-248. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.045
  • Aksoy, F. 2011. The effect of opium poppy oil diesel fuel mixture on engine performance and emissions, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, Cilt. 8(1), s. 57-62.
  • Rakopoulos, C. D., Rakopoulos, D. C., Hountalas, D. T., Giakoumis, E. G., Andritsakis, E. C. 2008. Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuel with bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greek feedstock, Fuel, Cilt. 87(2), s. 147-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.011
  • Özsezen, A. N., Canakci, M., Turkcan A., Sayin C. 2009. Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters, Fuel, Cilt. 88(4), s. 629-636. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.09.023
  • Heywood, J. B. 1988. Combustion in compression-ignition engines. Internal combustion engine fundamentals, Mcgraw-hill, New York.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Alper Calam 0000-0003-4125-2127

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 64

Kaynak Göster

APA Calam, A. (2020). Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 22(64), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2020226410
AMA Calam A. Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri. DEUFMD. Ocak 2020;22(64):97-106. doi:10.21205/deufmd.2020226410
Chicago Calam, Alper. “Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans Ve Emisyon Özellikleri”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 22, sy. 64 (Ocak 2020): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2020226410.
EndNote Calam A (01 Ocak 2020) Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 22 64 97–106.
IEEE A. Calam, “Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri”, DEUFMD, c. 22, sy. 64, ss. 97–106, 2020, doi: 10.21205/deufmd.2020226410.
ISNAD Calam, Alper. “Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans Ve Emisyon Özellikleri”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 22/64 (Ocak 2020), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2020226410.
JAMA Calam A. Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri. DEUFMD. 2020;22:97–106.
MLA Calam, Alper. “Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans Ve Emisyon Özellikleri”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 64, 2020, ss. 97-106, doi:10.21205/deufmd.2020226410.
Vancouver Calam A. Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri. DEUFMD. 2020;22(64):97-106.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Adatepe Mah. Doğuş Cad. No: 207-I / 35390 Buca-İZMİR.