Ian Stevenson ve Reenkarnasyon Tipi Vakalar

Öz

Ian Stevenson'ın özellikle küçük çocukların reenkarnasyonu ile igili çalışmaları görünüşe göre hayatının temel odak noktası olarak hatırlanacaktır. Hindistan ve Sri Lanka'da araştırdığı vakalarla ilgili bir dizi kitabının ilkini yazmıştı. Kitabın yayınlanması biraz gecikmeli olsa da 1966'da Reenkarnasyon Önerisi Yirmi Vaka’yı yayınladı. Kitapta görüştüğü her kişinin listesini içeren ayrıntılı vaka raporlarının yanı sıra çocukların önceki hayatlarıyla ilgili yaptığı her açıklamanın yer aldığı uzun tablolar da bulunuyordu. Çalışmalarına devam ederken, dünyanın farklı yerlerinde birkaç kitabı daha yayınlandı. Ian'ın çok ilgi duyduğu bir konu da ölen kişilerin hatırladıklarını söylediği bedensel yaralarıyla örtüşen doğum lekelerinin ve doğum kusurlarının çocuklarda sıklıkla görülmesiydi. 1997'de, bu ilgisini kanıtlamak için Reenkarnasyon ve Biyoloji: Doğum Lekeleri ve Doğum Kusurlarının Etiyolojisine Bir Katkı adlı eserini yayınladı. İlgi duyduğu bir diğer konu da çocukların davranışlarıydı. Çocukların çoğunun hatırladıklarını iddia ettikleri yaşamla ilgili sergiledikleri fobiler hakkında bir makale yazdı. Stevenson'un tüm çalışmaları değerlendirildiğinde küçük çocukların geçmiş yaşam anılarına ilişkin iddialarına karşı temkinli bir tutum sergilemiştir. Hiçbir vakanın reenkarnasyona inanmayı zorlayan kanıt sunmadığını yazdı. Başka açıklamaların da mümkün olduğunu vurgulasa da araştırdığı daha güçlü vakalar için en iyi açıklamanın reenkarnasyon olduğunu düşünüyordu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reenkarnasyon
• yara izleri
• doğum lekeleri
• Ian Stevenson

Ian Stevenson and Cases of the Reincarnation Type

Öz

Ian Stevenson's study concerning ostensible reincarnation specifically that of young children's will be remembered as the primary focus of his life's work. He wrote the first of a number of books on the cases he had investigated in India and Sri Lanka. After some delay on the publication, Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation was published in 1966. It consisted of detailed case reports that included lists of every person he had interviewed, along with lengthy tables in which each statement the child had made about a previous life. As he continued with his work, several other books were published in different parts of the world. One aspect that Ian was greatly interested was the frequent presence in the children of birthmarks and birth defects that appeared to match wounds suffered by the deceased individuals whose lives they were said to remember. In 1997, he published Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects to attest such interest. Another topic that interest him was children's behavior. He wrote a paper about phobias that many of the children showed that is again related from the life they claimed to remember. Assessing all Stevenson's work, he demonstrated a cautious attitude toward the overall phenomenon of young children's claims of past-life memories. He wrote that no single case offered evidence that compelled a belief in reincarnation. Although he emphasized that other explanations were possible, he considered reincarnation to be the best explanation for the stronger cases that he had investigated.Abstract should be written in 10 font size, Times New Roman, single line spacing, justified and not exceeding 200 words. The abstract should be written in a way to give an idea about the general article, the purpose of the study, the pattern, the participants, data collection tools, data analysis, the main findings and results of the research and at least one suggestion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reincarnation
• scars
• birthmarks
• Ian Stevenson

Kaynakça

1. King, L. S. (1975). Reincarnation. JAMA, 234, 978.
2. Laidlaw, R. W. (1967). Review of Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 128.
3. Lief, H. I. (1977). Commentary on Dr. Ian Stevenson’s ‘‘Research into the evidence of man’s survival after death.’’ Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 165, 171–173.
4. Mills, A., Haraldsson, E., & Keil, H. H. J. (1994). Replication studies of cases suggestive of reincarnation by three independent investigators. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 88, 207–219.
5. Pasricha, S. K., Keil, J., Tucker, J. B., & Stevenson, I. (2005). Some bodily malformations attributed to previous lives. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 19, 359–383.
6. Shroder, T. (1999). Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives. New York: Simon & Schuster.
7. Stevenson, I. (1960a). The evidence for survival from claimed memories of former incarnations. Part I. Review of the data. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 54, 51–71.
8. Stevenson, I. (1960b). The evidence for survival from claimed memories of former incarnations. Part II. Analysis of the data and suggestions for further investigations. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 54, 95–117.

9. Stevenson, I. (1974). Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation (2nd rev ed.). Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. (Original work published 1966 in Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1–362.)
10. Stevenson, I. (1975). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Vol. I: Ten Cases in India. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
11. Stevenson, I. (1977a). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Vol. II: Ten Cases in Sri Lanka. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
12. Stevenson, I. (1977b). The explanatory value of the idea of reincarnation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 164, 305–326.
13. Stevenson, I. (1980). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Vol. III: Twelve Cases in Lebanon and Turkey. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
14. Stevenson, I. (1983a). American children who claim to remember previous lives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 742–748.
15. Stevenson, I. (1983b). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Vol. IV: Twelve Cases in Thailand and Burma. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
16. Stevenson, I. (1990a). Phobias in children who claim to remember previous lives. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 4, 243–254.
17. Stevenson, I. (1990b). Some of My Journeys in Medicine. The 1989 Flora Levy Lecture in the Humanities. Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana. Available at: http://www. healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/publicationslinks/some-of-my-journeys-in- medicine.pdf.
18. Stevenson, I. (1997a). Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects (2 Vols.). Westport, CT: Praeger.
19. Stevenson, I. (1997b). Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect. Westport, CT: Praeger.
20. Stevenson, I. (2000a). Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Question of Reincarnation (rev. ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
21. Stevenson, I. (2000b). The phenomenon of claimed memories of previous lives: Possible interpretations and importance. Medical Hypotheses, 54, 652–659.
22. Stevenson, I. (2000c). Unusual play in young children who claim to remember previous lives. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 14, 557–570.
23. Stevenson, I. (2003). European Cases of the Reincarnation Type. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Stevenson, I. (2006). Half a career with the paranormal. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 20, 13–21.
24. Stevenson, I., & Keil, J. (2005). Children of Myanmar who behave like Japanese soldiers: A possible third element in personality. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 19, 171–183.