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BOUNDING THROUGH TERRITORY: EUROPEAN UNION AND MULTI-LEVEL TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE

Yıl 2022, , 257 - 284, 05.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148635

Öz

This study discusses what implications territorial governance has on the governmental and territorial nature of the European Union (EU). The EU increasingly addresses governance on a territorial basis to improve its territorial integrity and coherence. It seeks to set up horizontal and vertical cooperation between different governmental levels and strengthen the institutionalization of
territories. This way of governing is bounded by the EU’s territory, thereby a single overarching political scale emerges. In this framework, perusing into the documents on spatial development and territorial state/agenda of the EU and the available literature, the study suggests that the spaces of governance in the EU, considered as territorial, are interwoven, and this structure is attached to a supranational territory.

Kaynakça

  • Allmendinger, Phil, Tobias Chilla and Franziska Sielker. “Europeanizing Territoriality—Towards Soft Spaces?” Environment and Planning 46, no 11 (2014): 2703-2717.
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  • Börzel, Tanja A. “How the European Union Interacts with its Member States.” IHS Political Science Series, no 93 (2003): 1-31. Accessed: 10 January 2022, http://aei.pitt.edu/1049/1/pw_93.pdf.
  • Chilla, Tobias, Estelle Evrard and Christian Schulz. “On the Territoriality of Cross-Border Cooperation: “Institutional Mapping” in a Multi-Level Context.” European Planning Studies 20, no 6 (2012), 961-980.
  • Clark, Julian and Alun Jones. “The Spatialities of Europeanisation: Territory, Government and Power in ‘EUrope’.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 33, no 3 (2008): 300-318.
  • Commission of the European Communities. European Governance: A White Paper. Brussels, 2001. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/DOC_01_10.
  • Committee of the Regions. The Committee of the Regions’ White Paper on Multilevel Governance. Brussels: Committee of the Regions of the European Union, 2009. Accessed: 10 January 2022, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/regi/dv/cdr89-2009_/cdr89-2009_en.pdf.
  • Cotella, Giancarlo. “Editorial: EU Cohesion Policy and Domestic Territorial Governance. What Chances for Cross Fertilization?” EUROPA XXI 35, (2018): 5-20.
  • Council of Europe. Resolution No. 2 on Territorial Governance: Empowerment Through Enhanced Co-ordination. Strasbourg: 14th Conference of the Council of Europe of Ministers Responsible for Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT), 2006. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://rm.coe.int/14th-european-conference-of-ministers-responsible-for-regional-spatial/168076ccdf.
  • Davoudi, Simin, Neil Evans, Francesca Governa and Marco Santangelo. “Territorial Governance in the Making. Approaches, Methodologies, Practices.” Boletin de la AGEN, no 46 (2008): 33-52.
  • De Sousa, Luis. “Understanding European Cross- Border Cooperation: A Framework for Analysis.” Journal of European Integration 35, no 6 (2013): 669-687.
  • Elden, Stuart. The Birth of Territory. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.
  • ESPON COMPASS. Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe. Final Report, Version 10/10/2018, Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/1.%20COMPASS_Final_Report.pdf.
  • ESPON Project 2.3.2. Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from EU to Local Level. Final Report, Part 1, Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2006. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/fr-2.3.2_final_feb2007.pdf.
  • ESPON TANGO. Territorial Approaches for New Governance. Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2013. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/ESPON_TANGO_Scientific_Report_Final.pdf.
  • ESPON. The Territorial Dimension of Future Policies, Policy Brief. Luxembourg: European Observation Network, 2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022. https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/ESPON_Policy_Brief_Territorial_dimension_of_future_policies.pdf.
  • European Commission. European Spatial Development Perspective: Towards Balanced and Sustainable Development of the Territory of the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/reports/pdf/sum_en.pdf.
  • European Commission. Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion: Turning Territorial Diversity into Strength. COM (2008) 616 Final, 06.10.2008, Brussels, 2008. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0616:FIN:EN:PDF.
  • European Commission. Territorial Agenda 2020: Put in Practice Enhancing the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Cohesion Policy by a Place-Based Approach. Volume I–Synthesis Report, Brussels: Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, Centre for Industrial Studies, 2015. Accessed: 10 January 2022: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/what/territorial-cohesion/territorial_agenda_2020_practice_report.pdf.
  • European Union. Consolidated Text: Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the Establishment of a Common Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), 18.01.2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:02003R1059-20180118&qid=1519136753473.
  • Evrard, Estelle. “The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): Towards a Supraregional Scale of Governance in the Greater Region SaarLorLux?” Geopolitics 21, no 3 (2016): 513-537.
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Teritoryayla Sınırlandırma: Avrupa Birliği ve Çok Düzeyli Teritoryal Yönetişim

Yıl 2022, , 257 - 284, 05.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148635

Öz

Bu çalışma, teritoryal yönetişimin Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) yönetimsel ve teritoryal yapısı üzerindeki etkisini tartışmaktadır. AB içerisinde yönetişim, Birliğin teritoryal bütünlüğünü ve uyumunu güçlendirmeye ilişkin olarak artan şekilde teritoryal bir bağlamda ele alınmaktadır. Birlik, teritoryal alanların kurumsallığını güçlendirmeyi ve farklı yönetimsel düzeyler arasında dikey ve yatay işbirliğini kurmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yönetim biçimi, AB’nin teritoryasıyla sınırlandırılmaktadır ve böylece kapsayıcı tek bir siyasal ölçek ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede bu çalışma, AB’nin teritoryal durumuna/gündemine ve mekânsal gelişimine ilişkin belgeleri ve mevcut literatürü inceleyerek AB içerisinde teritoryal olarak değerlendirilen yönetişim mekânlarının iç içe geçmiş olduğunu ve bu yapının uluslar üstü bir teritoryaya bağlandığı ileri sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Allmendinger, Phil, Tobias Chilla and Franziska Sielker. “Europeanizing Territoriality—Towards Soft Spaces?” Environment and Planning 46, no 11 (2014): 2703-2717.
  • Axford, Barrie and Richard Huggins. “Towards a Post-National Polity: The Emergence of the Network Society in Europe.” The Sociological Review 48, no 1 (2000): 173-206.
  • Bache, Ian and Matthew Flinders. “Themes and Issues in Multi-Level Governance.” in Multi-Level Governance, ed. Ian Bache and Matthew Flinders, 1-11. Oxford: Oxford University, 2004.
  • Barca, Fabrizio. An Agenda for a Reformed Cohesion Policy. A Place-Based Approach to Meeting European Union Challenges and Expectations. Brussels: Directorate General for Regional Policy, European Commission, 2009. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/regi/dv/barca_report_/barca_report_en.pdf.
  • Beck, Joachim. “Cross-Border Cooperation and the Challenge of Transnational Institution-Building–the Example of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC).” RECERC, no 1 Spécial (2017): 1-13.
  • Behnke, Nathalie. Jörg Broschek and Jared Sonnicksen. “Introduction: The Relevance of Studying Multilevel Governance.” in Configurations, Dynamics and Mechanisms of Multilevel Governance, ed. Nathalie Behnke, Jörg Broschek and Jared Sonnicksen, 1-19. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
  • Böhme, Kai, Sabine Zillmer, Maria Toptsidou and Frank Holstein. Territorial Governance and Cohesion Policy. Brussels: Committee on Regional Development, European Parliament, 2015. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/563382/IPOL_STU(2015)563382_EN.pdf.
  • Böhme, Kai. Philippe Doucet, Tomasz Komornicki, Jacek Zaucha and Dariusz Świątek. How to Strengthen the Territorial Dimension of ‘Europe 2020’ and the EU Cohesion Policy. Warsaw: Polish Ministry of Regional Development, 2011. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/challenges2020/2011_territorial_dimension_eu2020.pdf.
  • Börzel, Tanja A. “How the European Union Interacts with its Member States.” IHS Political Science Series, no 93 (2003): 1-31. Accessed: 10 January 2022, http://aei.pitt.edu/1049/1/pw_93.pdf.
  • Chilla, Tobias, Estelle Evrard and Christian Schulz. “On the Territoriality of Cross-Border Cooperation: “Institutional Mapping” in a Multi-Level Context.” European Planning Studies 20, no 6 (2012), 961-980.
  • Clark, Julian and Alun Jones. “The Spatialities of Europeanisation: Territory, Government and Power in ‘EUrope’.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 33, no 3 (2008): 300-318.
  • Commission of the European Communities. European Governance: A White Paper. Brussels, 2001. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/DOC_01_10.
  • Committee of the Regions. The Committee of the Regions’ White Paper on Multilevel Governance. Brussels: Committee of the Regions of the European Union, 2009. Accessed: 10 January 2022, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/regi/dv/cdr89-2009_/cdr89-2009_en.pdf.
  • Cotella, Giancarlo. “Editorial: EU Cohesion Policy and Domestic Territorial Governance. What Chances for Cross Fertilization?” EUROPA XXI 35, (2018): 5-20.
  • Council of Europe. Resolution No. 2 on Territorial Governance: Empowerment Through Enhanced Co-ordination. Strasbourg: 14th Conference of the Council of Europe of Ministers Responsible for Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT), 2006. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://rm.coe.int/14th-european-conference-of-ministers-responsible-for-regional-spatial/168076ccdf.
  • Davoudi, Simin, Neil Evans, Francesca Governa and Marco Santangelo. “Territorial Governance in the Making. Approaches, Methodologies, Practices.” Boletin de la AGEN, no 46 (2008): 33-52.
  • De Sousa, Luis. “Understanding European Cross- Border Cooperation: A Framework for Analysis.” Journal of European Integration 35, no 6 (2013): 669-687.
  • Elden, Stuart. The Birth of Territory. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.
  • ESPON COMPASS. Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe. Final Report, Version 10/10/2018, Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/1.%20COMPASS_Final_Report.pdf.
  • ESPON Project 2.3.2. Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from EU to Local Level. Final Report, Part 1, Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2006. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/fr-2.3.2_final_feb2007.pdf.
  • ESPON TANGO. Territorial Approaches for New Governance. Luxembourg: European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2013. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/ESPON_TANGO_Scientific_Report_Final.pdf.
  • ESPON. The Territorial Dimension of Future Policies, Policy Brief. Luxembourg: European Observation Network, 2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022. https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/ESPON_Policy_Brief_Territorial_dimension_of_future_policies.pdf.
  • European Commission. European Spatial Development Perspective: Towards Balanced and Sustainable Development of the Territory of the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/reports/pdf/sum_en.pdf.
  • European Commission. Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion: Turning Territorial Diversity into Strength. COM (2008) 616 Final, 06.10.2008, Brussels, 2008. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0616:FIN:EN:PDF.
  • European Commission. Territorial Agenda 2020: Put in Practice Enhancing the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Cohesion Policy by a Place-Based Approach. Volume I–Synthesis Report, Brussels: Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, Centre for Industrial Studies, 2015. Accessed: 10 January 2022: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/what/territorial-cohesion/territorial_agenda_2020_practice_report.pdf.
  • European Union. Consolidated Text: Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the Establishment of a Common Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), 18.01.2018. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:02003R1059-20180118&qid=1519136753473.
  • Evrard, Estelle. “The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): Towards a Supraregional Scale of Governance in the Greater Region SaarLorLux?” Geopolitics 21, no 3 (2016): 513-537.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “European Integration and the Territorial‐Administrative Complex.” Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 98, no 1 (2016): 71-80.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “From European Spatial Development to Territorial Cohesion Policy.” Regional Studies 40, no 6 (2006): 667-678.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “Multi-level (Territorial) Governance: Three Criticisms.” Planning Theory & Practice 13, no 2 (2012): 197-211.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “Territorial Cohesion and Subsidiarity Under the European Union Treaties: A Critique of the ‘Territorialism’ Underlying.” Regional Studies 47, no 9 (2013): 1594-1606.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “Territorial Cohesion, Territorialism, Territoriality, and Soft Planning: A Critical Review.” Environment and Planning 45, no 6 (2013): 1302-1317.
  • Faludi, Andreas. “The Poverty of Territorialism: Revisiting European Spatial Planning.” The Planning Review 52, no 3 (2016): 73-81.
  • Faludi, Andreas. Territorial Cohesion Under the Looking Glass Synthesis Paper About the History of the Concept and Policy Background to Territorial Cohesion, (2009). Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:112891b3-3dd6-4252-b0a5-452e5665f0d9?collection=research.
  • Gänzle, Stefan and Kristine Kern. (ed.) A ‘Macro-Regional’ Europe in the Making Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Evidence. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
  • Gualini, Enrico. “The Rescaling of Governance in Europe: New Spatial and Institutional Rationales.” European Planning Studies 14, no 7 (2006): 881-904.
  • Haughton, Graham, Phil Allmendinger and Stijn Oosterlynck. “Spaces of Neoliberal Experimentation: Soft Spaces, Postpolitics, And Neoliberal Governmentality.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 45, no 1 (2013): 217-234.
  • Havlík, Vratislav. “Europeanization as the Reterritorialization of the State: Towards Conceptual Clarification.” Journal of Common Market Studies 58, no 5 (2020): 1288-1306.
  • Hepburn, Eve. “Cohesion Policy and Regional Mobilization.” in Handbook on Cohesion Policy in the EU, ed. Simona Piattoni and Laura Polverari, 203-216. Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar, 2016.
  • Holder, Jane and Antonia Layard. “Drawing out the Elements of Territorial Cohesion: Re-scaling EU Spatial Governance.” Yearbook of European Law 30, no 1 (2011): 358-380.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Gary Marks. “Types of Multi-Level Governance.” in Handbook on Multi-Level Governance, ed. Henrik Enderlein, Sonja Wälti, Michael Zürn, 17-31. Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar, 2010.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Gary Marks. “Unraveling the Central State, But How? Types of Multi-Level Governance.” American Political Science Review no 97, no 2 (2003): 233-243.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Gary Marks. Multi-Level Governance and European Integration. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001.
  • Jauhiainen, Jussi S. and Helka Moilanen. “Towards Fluid Territories in European Spatial Development: Regional Development Zones in Finland.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29, no 4 (2011): 728-744.
  • Jensen, Ole B. and Tim Richardson. “Nested Visions: New Rationalities of Space in European Spatial Planning.” Regional Studies 35, no 8 (2001): 703-717.
  • Jensen, Ole B. and Tim Richardson. Making European Space: Mobility, Power and Territorial Identity. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Jessop, Bob. “Territory, Politics, Governance and Multispatial Metagovernance.” Territory, Politics, Governance 4, no 1 (2016): 8-32.
  • Kjaer, Poul F. Between Governing and Governance. On the Emergence, Function and Form of Europe’s Post-National Constellation. Hart: Oxford, 2010.
  • Kohler-Koch, Beate and Rainer Eising. (ed.) The Transformation of Governance in the European Union. London: Routledge, 1999.
  • Lange, Emily and Iva Pires. “The Role and Rise of European Cross-Border Entities.” in European Territorial Cooperation: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches to the Process and Impacts of Cross-Border and Transnational Cooperation in Europe, ed. Eduardo Medeiros, 135-149. Cham: Springer International, 2018.
  • Lidström, Anders. “Territorial Governance in Transition.” Regional and Federal Studies 17, no 4 (2007): 499-508.
  • Luukkonen, Juho and Helka Moilanen. “Territoriality in the Strategies and Practices of the Territorial Cohesion Policy of the European Union: Territorial Challenges in Implementing “Soft Planning”.” European Planning Studies 20, no 3 (2012): 481-500.
  • Mamadouh, Virginie and Herman van der Wusten. “The European Level in EU Governance: Territory, Authority and Trans-Scalar Networks.” GeoJournal 72, no (1-2) (2008): 19-31.
  • Mamadouh, Virginie. “The Territoriality of European Integration and the Territorial Features of the European Union: The first 50 Years.” Royal Ducth Enviromental Society 92, no 4 (2001): 420-436.
  • Marks, Garry. “Structural Policy and Multilevel Governance in the EC.” in The state of the European Community, ed. Alan Cafruny and Glenda G. Rosenthal, 391-409. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993.
  • Marks, Gary and Liesbet Hooghe. “Contrasting Visions of Multi-Level Governance.” in Multi-Level Governance, ed. Ian Bache and Matthew Flinders, 15-30. Oxford: Oxford University 2004.
  • Marks, Gary, Franrois Nielsen, Leonard, Ray and Jane Salk. “Competencies, Cracks and Conflicts: Regional Mobilisation in the EU.” in Governance in the European Union, ed. Gary Marks, Fritz W Scharpf, Philippe C. Schmitter and Wolfgang Streeck, 40-63. London: Sage, 1996.
  • Medeiros, Eduardo. “Fake or Real EU Territorialicy? Debating the Territorial Universe of EU Policies.” Europa XXI 38, (2020): 9-31.
  • Medeiros, Eduardo. “Is There a Rise of the Territorial Dimension in the EU Cohesion Policy?” Finisterra 103 (2016): 89‑112.
  • Medeiros, Eduardo. “Territorial Cohesion: An EU Concept.” European Journal of Spatial Development 60 (2016): 1-30.
  • Metzger, Jonathan and Peter Schmitt. “When Soft Spaces Harden: The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region.” Environment and Planning A 44, no 2 (2012): 263-280.
  • Ministers of Spatial Planning and Territorial Development of the European Union. Territorial State and Perspective of the European Union: Toward a Stronger European Territorial Cohesion in the Light of the Lisbon and Gothenburg Ambitions. Luxemburg, 2007. Accessed: 10 January 2022, http://www.terport.hu/webfm_send/129.
  • Ministers of Spatial Planning and Territorial Development of the European Union. The Territorial State and Perspectives of the European Union. 2011 Update, Hungary, 2011. Accessed: 10 January 2022: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/what/territorial-cohesion/territorial_state_and_perspective_2011.pdf.
  • Ministers of Spatial Planning and Territorial Development of the European Union. Territorial Agenda of the European Union 2020: Towards an Inclusive, Smart and Sustainable Europe of Diverse Regions. Hungary, 2011. Accessed: 10 January 2022: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/what/territorial-cohesion/territorial_agenda_2020.pdf.
  • Moisio, Sami. “Geographies of Europeanization: The EU’s Spatial Planning as a Politics of Scale.” in Europe in the World: EU Geopolitics and the Making European Space, ed. Luiza Bialasiewicz, 19-39. Surrey: Ashgate, 2011.
  • Murph, Alexander B. “Rethinking Multi-Level Governance in a Changing European Union: Why Metageography and Territoriality Matter.” GeoJournal 72, no (1-2) (2008): 7-18.
  • Noferini, Andrea, Matteo Berzi, Francesco Camonita and Antoni Durà. “Cross-Border Cooperation in the EU: Euroregions amid Multilevel Governance and Reterritorialization.” European Planning Studies 28, no 1 (2020): 35-56.
  • Perkmann, Markus. “Construction of New Territorial Scales: A Framework and Case Study of the EUREGIO Cross-Border Region.” Regional Studies 41, no 2 (2007): 253-266.
  • Perkmann, Markus. “Cross-Border Regions in Europe Significance and Drivers of Regional Cross-Border Co-Operation.” European Urban and Regional Studies 10, no 2 (2003): 153-171.
  • Piattoni, Simona. The Theory of Multi-Level Governance: Conceptual, Empirical, and Normative Challenges. Oxford: Oxford University, 2010.
  • Pucher, Jürgen, Alexandra Frangenheim, Angelos Sanopoulos and Wolfgang Schausberger. The Future of Cohesion Policy. Report I, Brussels: Committee of the Regions of the European Union, 2015. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/studies/Documents/Future-CP-Report-I-Final.pdf.
  • Pullano, Teresa. “The Evolving Category of Territory: From the Modern State to the European Union.” GARNET Working Paper, no 64 (2009): 1-30. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/csgr/garnet/workingpapers/6409.pdf.
  • Pupier, Pauline. “Spatial Evolution of Cross-Border Regions. Contrasted Case Studies in North-West Europe.” European Planning Studies 28, no 1 (2020): 81-104.
  • Reitel, Bernard, Birte Wassenberg and Jean Peyrony. “The INTERREG Experience in Bridging European Territories. A 30-Year Summary.” in European Territorial Cooperation: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches to the Process and Impacts of Cross-Border and Transnational Cooperation in Europe, ed. Eduardo Medeiros, 7-23. Cham: Springer International, 2018.
  • Sack, Robert D. Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1986.
  • Stead, Dominic. “European Integration and Spatial Rescaling in the Baltic Region: Soft Spaces, Soft Planning and Soft Security.” European Planning Studies 22, no 4 (2014): 680-693.
  • Stead, Dominic. “The Rise of Territorial Governance in European Policy.” European Planning Studies 22, no 7 (2014): 1368-1383.
  • Stephenson, Paul. “Twenty Years of Multi-Level Governance: ‘Where Does It Come from? What is It? Where is It Going?’.” Journal of European Public Policy 20, no 6 (2013): 817-837.
  • Ulrich, Peter. “Territorial Cooperation, Supraregionalist Institution-Building and National Boundaries: The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) at the Eastern and Western German Borders.” European Planning Studies 28, no 1 (2020): 57-80.
  • Vitale, Alessandro. “The Contemporary EU’s Notion of Territoriality and External Borders.” European Spatial Research and Policy 18, no 2 (2011): 17-27.
  • Walsh, Cormac. “Rethinking the Spatiality of Spatial Planning: Methodological Territorialism and Metageographies.” European Planning Studies 22, no 2 (2014): 306-322.
  • Wassenberg, Birte and Bernard Reitel. Territorial Cooperation in Europe. A Historical Perspective. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015. Accessed: 10 January 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/information/pdf/brochures/interreg_25years_en.pdf.
  • Well, Lisa van and Peter Schmitt. “Understanding Territorial Governance: Conceptual and Practical Implications.” Europa Regional 21.2013, no 4 (2015): 209-221.
  • Yılmaz, Samet. “Territorial Dimension of Governance and Its Institutional Effect on the Geographical Levels in the European Union.” Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 19, no 2 (2020): 585-608.
  • Zielonka, Jan. Europe as Empire: The Nature of the Enlarged European Union. Oxford: Oxford University, 2006.
  • Zimmerbauer, Kaj and Anssi Paasi. “Hard Work with Soft Spaces (and vice versa): Problematizing the Transforming Planning Spaces.” European Planning Studies 28, no 4 (2020): 771-789.
Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Samet Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5232-5435

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Yılmaz, Samet. “BOUNDING THROUGH TERRITORY: EUROPEAN UNION AND MULTI-LEVEL TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 21, sy. 1 (Ağustos 2022): 257-84. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148635.