Avrupa Birliği Üyesi Ülke Olarak Polonya Cumhuriyeti’nin Kamu Diplomasisi Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma 1 Mayıs 2004 yılında Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyesi olan Polonya Cumhuriyeti’nin kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarını, tarihsel geçmişten hareketle, Polonya’nın tarihsel süreçte güçlü komşuları tarafından fiziksel varlığının ortadan kaldırıldığını, bu konuda ciddi travma(lar) yaşadığını ve yine bu bağlamda ciddi kimlik krizleri yaşadığını göz önünde bulundurarak analiz etmiştir. Makalenin temel argümanını, Polonya’nın siyasi tarihinin, kimliğinin, kültürünün ve bu bağlamda ortaya çıkan ulusal mirasının ülkenin bugünkü kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarına keskin bir şekilde yön verdiği iddiası oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmada, Polonya’nın özellikle 2000 yılı sonrası takip ettiği kamu diplomasisi politikalarında ülkenin fiziksel mevcudiyetinin, var oluşunun, egemenlik haklarının ve Avrupa uluslar ailesi ve AB içerisindeki siyasi, kültürel ve ekonomik kimliğinin sağlamlaştırılmasına yönelik uygulamalara ağırlık verildiğinin analizi yapılmıştır. Bu analiz Polonya devletinin kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarının iki ana aktörü olan Polonya Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren Polonya Enstitüleri’nin ve Polonya Cumhuriyeti Kültür ve Ulusal Miras Bakanlığı tarafından desteklenen Adam Mickiewicz Enstitüleri’nin çalışmaları üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında, Polonya’nın kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinde yukarıda ifade edilen unsurları hangi araçlar aracılığıyla ortaya koymaya çalıştığı ve kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarında bunları ne ölçüde yansıtabildiğinin analizi yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Polonya kamu diplomasinin kendine özgü yanlarının neler olduğu ve ulus markalamasının Polonya için neden önemli olduğu sorularına da çalışma içerisinde yanıtlar aranmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası ilişkiler
• Polonya
• kamu diplomasisi
• Polonya Enstitüleri
• Adam Mickiewicz Enstitüsü

Examination of Public Diplomacy Practices of the Republic of Poland as a Member Country of the European Union

Abstract

This study analyzed the public diplomacy practices of the Republic of Poland that became a member of the European Unionon 1 May 2004. based on the historical past, considering that Poland's physical existence was eliminated by its powerful neighbors in the historical process, and it experienced serious traumas and identity crises. In this context, the main argument of the article is that Poland's political history, identity, culture and national heritage that emerge in this context sharply direct the country's current public diplomacy practices. This study analyzed that the public diplomacy policies followed by Poland, after 2000, focused on practices aimed at consolidating the country's physical presence, existence, sovereign rights and political, cultural and economic identity within the European family of nations and in the EU. This analysis was carried out through the two main actors of the Polish state's public diplomacy practices, the Polish Institutes and the Adam Mickiewicz Institutes. Within the scope of the analysis, an analysis was made of the tools through which Poland tried to reveal the above-mentioned elements in its public diplomacy activities and to what extent it was able to reflect them in its public diplomacy practices.

Keywords

• International relations
• Poland
• public diplomacy
• Polish Institutes
• Mickiewicz Institute

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