Büyük Buhran’dan Günümüze Avrupa Merkez Bankası Otoritelerinin Siyasal Mirası

Öz

Bu çalışma, Büyük Buhran'dan bu yana Avrupa para otoritelerinin çevre ülkelerde oluşturduğu siyasi mirası ortaya koymaktadır. Avrupa merkez bankası yöneticileri tarafından belirli bir ekonomik yönetim zihniyetinin yaratıldığı ve dünya sisteminin çeperlerine yayıldığı iddia edilmektedir. Siyaset ve ekonomiyi birbirinden ayırmak zor olsa da, para otoriteleri bugüne kadar herhangi bir uluslararası düzenin kurucu babaları arasında anılmamış, genellikle siyasi aktörlerin gölgesinde kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, Büyük Buhran'ın ardından liberal uluslararası düzenin restorasyonunda kilit karar alıcılar olarak belirleyici rol oynayan Avrupa para otoritelerine odaklanmaktadır. Avrupa’nın merkez bankası yetkililerinin 1930'larda hazırladığı farklı kurtarma programlarının bugün Soğuk Savaş sonrası uluslararası sistem alternatifleri arayışının bir parçası olarak yeniden ele alındığına dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu uzun dönemli tarihsel yaklaşım, Avrupa ekonomik kurtarma programlarının döngüsel hareketlerini ve küresel kapsamını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu programlara dönemler ve toplumlararası bir siyasal diyalog alanı olarak yaklaşan bu çalışma, Avrupa ekonomik yönetim zihniyetinin ve onun günümüzdeki siyasi mirasının dayanıklılığını ve direncini test etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyük Buhran
• küresel düzen
• dünya-sistemi
• ekonomik yönetimsellik

The Political Legacy of European Central Bank Authorities since the Great Depression

Abstract

This study unfolds the political legacy of European monetary authorities in peripheral countries since the Great Depression. The argument is that a specific form of European economic governmentality was created by the European central bank governors and extended to the periphery of the world system. Despite the inextricable nature of politics and economics, the money authorities have not been popularly mentioned so far among the founding fathers of any international order, but are usually overshadowed by the political actors. This study focuses on the European monetary authorities as the key decision-makers determinant in the restoration of the liberal international order following the Great Depression. It is indicated that the European central bank authorities drafting different bail-out programs in the 1930s are revisited today as part of a quest for post-Cold War international system alternatives. This longue-durée historical approach exposes the cyclical turns of the European economic recovery programs and their global reach. Approaching these programs as a political dialogue sphere across times and societies, this study tests the durability and resilience of the European economic governmentality and its political legacy today.

Keywords

• Great Depression
• global order
• world-system
• economic governmentality

Kaynakça

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