Öz
EU requires Turkey as a candidate country to perform certain obligations during harmonization process. In principle, the more Turkey fullfills its obligations closer it gets to its goal of full membership. This fact points out to EU conditionality, one of Europeanization tools. However, in the current situation today especially after negotions were opened; it is widely accepted that reforms in Turkey have slowed down. This belief brings up the question of why such reforms decelarated as an important one to be answered. In this connection, this study aims to analyze the slow down of reforms during EU harmonization process in Turkey in the context of EU conditionality and present main underlying reasons from EU and Turkey perspectives
Anahtar Kelimeler
Conditionality EU Conditionality Reform Copenhagen Criteria Turkey.
Kaynakça
- Othon ANASTASAKIS, Dimitar BECHEV, “EU Conditionality in South East Europe: Bringing Commitment to the Process”, South East European Studies Programme, European Studies Centre, 2003.
- Gergana ATANASOVA, “Governance Through Conditionality”, Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 2-5 September 2004.
- Mustafa AYDIN, Sinem AÇIKMEŞE, “Europeanization Through EU Conditionality: Understanding the New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 9 (3), 2007, s. 263-274.
- Senem AYDIN, Ali ÇARKOĞLU, “EU Conditionality and Democratic Rule of Law in Turkey”, Center on Democracy, Development and Rule of Law Working Paper, 2006.
- Senem AYDIN, Fuat KEYMAN, “European Integration and Transformation of Turkish Democracy”, EU-Turkey Working Papers, Centre for European Policy Studies, 2004.
- Guy BAUDELLE ve C. GUY, “The Peripheral Areas of Western Europe and EU Regional Policy: Prospective Scenarios”, Paper Presented at the Europe at the Margins: EU Regional Policy, Peripherality & Rurality Conference, Angers, 15-17 April 2004.
- Martin BRUSIS, “The Instrumental Use of European Union Conditionality: Regionalization in the Czech Republic and Slovakia”, East European Politics and Societies, 19 (2), s. 291-316.
- Ana-Maria DOBRE, “EU Conditionality Building and Romanian Minority Rights Policy: Towards the Europeanisation of the Candidate Countries”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 4 (1), 2003, s. 55-83.
- DPT, Türkiye İçin Müzakere Çerçeve Belgesi ve İlgili Diğer Belgeler, Ankara, DPT, 2005.
- Birsen ERDOĞAN, “Compliance with EU Democratic Conditionality: Turkey and The Political Criteria of EU”, Paper presented ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Third Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, 21-23 September 2006, İstanbul.
- European Commission, Eurobarometer 71: Public Opinion in the European Union, 2009.
- Heather GRABBE, “How does Europeanization Affect CEE Governance? Conditionality, Diffusion and Diversity”, Journal of European Public Policy, 8 (6), 2001, s. 1013-1031.
- Metin HEPER, Bürokratik Yönetim Geleneği, Ankara: Ongun Kardeşler Matbaası, 1974.
- Metin HEPER, Türkiye’de Devlet Geleneği, Doğu Batı Yayınları, 2006.
- Jose A. HERCE ve Simon SOSVILLA-RIVERO, “The Reform of the EU’ Cohesion Policy”, Working Papers, Elcano Royal Institute ARI No: 100/2004, Madrid.
- James HUGHES, Gwendolyn SASSE, Claire GORDON, Europeanization and Regionalization in the EU’s Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe: The Myth of Conditionality, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
- Halil İNALCIK, “Tarihsel Bağlamda Sivil Toplum ve Tarikatlar”, Fuat Keyman ve Ali Yaşar Sarıbay (der.), Küreselleşme, Sivil Toplum ve İslam, Ankara, Vadi Yayınları, 1998, s. 74-87.
- Stefan KOEBERLE, Harold BEDOYA, Peter SILARSZKY, Gero VERHEYEN, “Overview”, Stefan Koeberle, Harold Bedoya, Peter Silarszky ve Gero Verheyen (der.) Conditionality Revisited: Concepts, Experience and Lessons, World Bank, Washington D.C., 2005, s. 3-17.
- Bekir Berat ÖZİPEK, “Devlet”, Mümtaz’er Türköne (der.), Siyaset, Ankara, Lotus Yayınevi, 2006, s. 71-102.
- Kamuran REÇBER, “Tam Üyelik Müzakere Çerçeve Belgesinin Analizi”, Bursa, Alfa Aktüel, 2006.
- Ali Yaşar SARIBAY, “Türkiye’de Demokrasi ve Sivil Toplum”, Fuat Keyman ve Ali Yaşar Sarıbay (der.), Küreselleşme, Sivil Toplum ve İslam, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 1998, s. 88-110.
- Gwendolyn SASSE, EU Conditionality and Minority Rights: Translating the Copenhagen Criterion to Policy, EUI Working Papers, 2005.
- Frank SCHIMMELFENNIG, Ulrich SEDELMEIER, “Governance by Conditionaiity: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, 11 (4), 2004, s. 661-679.
- Frank SCHIMMELFENNIG, Stefan ENGERT, Heiko KNOBEL, “Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41 (3), 2003, s. 495-518.
- Karen E. SMITH, “Evolution and Application of EU Membership Conditionality”, Marise Cremona (der.), The Enlargement of European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, s. 105-140.
- Mümtaz SOYSAL, “Political Prerequisite For An Effective Administration Reform in a Transnational Society”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: XXIII, No: 2, 1968, s. 163-167.
- Aneta Borislavova SPENDZHAROVA, “Bringing Europe In? The Impact of EU Conditionality on Bulgarian and Romanian Politics”, Southeast European Politics, 4 (2-3), 2003, s. 141-156.
- Meral TECER, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye: Sorular-Yanıtlar, Ankara, TODAİE Yayınları, 2007.
- Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı, “Değişim ve Gelişim Sürecinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye”, İstanbul, Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı, 2003.
- Florian TRAUNER, “From Membership Conditionality to Policy Conditionality: EU External Governance in South-Eastern Europe”, Paper presented EU Consent Conference ‘Deepening in an Enlarged Europe: Integrative Balancing in the New Member States’, 16-17 November 2007, Budapest.
Öz
AB, aday ülke konumundaki Türkiye’den, uyum sürecinde birtakım yükümlülükleri yerine getirmesini talep etmektedir. Prensip olarak, Türkiye bu yükümlülükleri yerine getirdiği oranda, AB’ye tam üyelik hedefine yaklaşmaktadır. Bu durum, “Avrupalılaşma” araçlarından biri olan AB koşulsallığına işaret etmektedir. Ancak, bugün gelinen noktada, özellikle müzakere tarihi alındıktan sonraki süreçte, Türkiye’de reformların yavaşladığı yönünde genel bir kanaat söz konusudur. Bu kanaat, söz konusu reformların “niçin” yavaşladığı sorusunu, cevaplanması gereken önemli bir soru olarak gündeme getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, Türkiye’de AB’ye uyum sürecinde gerçekleştirilen reformların son dönemde yavaşlamasını AB koşulsallığı bağlamında analiz etmek ve reformların hız kesmesinin temel nedenlerini AB ve Türkiye perspektifinden ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Koşulsallık AB Koşulsallığı Reform Kopenhag Kriterleri Türkiye
Kaynakça
- Othon ANASTASAKIS, Dimitar BECHEV, “EU Conditionality in South East Europe: Bringing Commitment to the Process”, South East European Studies Programme, European Studies Centre, 2003.
- Gergana ATANASOVA, “Governance Through Conditionality”, Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 2-5 September 2004.
- Mustafa AYDIN, Sinem AÇIKMEŞE, “Europeanization Through EU Conditionality: Understanding the New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 9 (3), 2007, s. 263-274.
- Senem AYDIN, Ali ÇARKOĞLU, “EU Conditionality and Democratic Rule of Law in Turkey”, Center on Democracy, Development and Rule of Law Working Paper, 2006.
- Senem AYDIN, Fuat KEYMAN, “European Integration and Transformation of Turkish Democracy”, EU-Turkey Working Papers, Centre for European Policy Studies, 2004.
- Guy BAUDELLE ve C. GUY, “The Peripheral Areas of Western Europe and EU Regional Policy: Prospective Scenarios”, Paper Presented at the Europe at the Margins: EU Regional Policy, Peripherality & Rurality Conference, Angers, 15-17 April 2004.
- Martin BRUSIS, “The Instrumental Use of European Union Conditionality: Regionalization in the Czech Republic and Slovakia”, East European Politics and Societies, 19 (2), s. 291-316.
- Ana-Maria DOBRE, “EU Conditionality Building and Romanian Minority Rights Policy: Towards the Europeanisation of the Candidate Countries”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 4 (1), 2003, s. 55-83.
- DPT, Türkiye İçin Müzakere Çerçeve Belgesi ve İlgili Diğer Belgeler, Ankara, DPT, 2005.
- Birsen ERDOĞAN, “Compliance with EU Democratic Conditionality: Turkey and The Political Criteria of EU”, Paper presented ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Third Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, 21-23 September 2006, İstanbul.
- European Commission, Eurobarometer 71: Public Opinion in the European Union, 2009.
- Heather GRABBE, “How does Europeanization Affect CEE Governance? Conditionality, Diffusion and Diversity”, Journal of European Public Policy, 8 (6), 2001, s. 1013-1031.
- Metin HEPER, Bürokratik Yönetim Geleneği, Ankara: Ongun Kardeşler Matbaası, 1974.
- Metin HEPER, Türkiye’de Devlet Geleneği, Doğu Batı Yayınları, 2006.
- Jose A. HERCE ve Simon SOSVILLA-RIVERO, “The Reform of the EU’ Cohesion Policy”, Working Papers, Elcano Royal Institute ARI No: 100/2004, Madrid.
- James HUGHES, Gwendolyn SASSE, Claire GORDON, Europeanization and Regionalization in the EU’s Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe: The Myth of Conditionality, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
- Halil İNALCIK, “Tarihsel Bağlamda Sivil Toplum ve Tarikatlar”, Fuat Keyman ve Ali Yaşar Sarıbay (der.), Küreselleşme, Sivil Toplum ve İslam, Ankara, Vadi Yayınları, 1998, s. 74-87.
- Stefan KOEBERLE, Harold BEDOYA, Peter SILARSZKY, Gero VERHEYEN, “Overview”, Stefan Koeberle, Harold Bedoya, Peter Silarszky ve Gero Verheyen (der.) Conditionality Revisited: Concepts, Experience and Lessons, World Bank, Washington D.C., 2005, s. 3-17.
- Bekir Berat ÖZİPEK, “Devlet”, Mümtaz’er Türköne (der.), Siyaset, Ankara, Lotus Yayınevi, 2006, s. 71-102.
- Kamuran REÇBER, “Tam Üyelik Müzakere Çerçeve Belgesinin Analizi”, Bursa, Alfa Aktüel, 2006.
- Ali Yaşar SARIBAY, “Türkiye’de Demokrasi ve Sivil Toplum”, Fuat Keyman ve Ali Yaşar Sarıbay (der.), Küreselleşme, Sivil Toplum ve İslam, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 1998, s. 88-110.
- Gwendolyn SASSE, EU Conditionality and Minority Rights: Translating the Copenhagen Criterion to Policy, EUI Working Papers, 2005.
- Frank SCHIMMELFENNIG, Ulrich SEDELMEIER, “Governance by Conditionaiity: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, 11 (4), 2004, s. 661-679.
- Frank SCHIMMELFENNIG, Stefan ENGERT, Heiko KNOBEL, “Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41 (3), 2003, s. 495-518.
- Karen E. SMITH, “Evolution and Application of EU Membership Conditionality”, Marise Cremona (der.), The Enlargement of European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, s. 105-140.
- Mümtaz SOYSAL, “Political Prerequisite For An Effective Administration Reform in a Transnational Society”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: XXIII, No: 2, 1968, s. 163-167.
- Aneta Borislavova SPENDZHAROVA, “Bringing Europe In? The Impact of EU Conditionality on Bulgarian and Romanian Politics”, Southeast European Politics, 4 (2-3), 2003, s. 141-156.
- Meral TECER, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye: Sorular-Yanıtlar, Ankara, TODAİE Yayınları, 2007.
- Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı, “Değişim ve Gelişim Sürecinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye”, İstanbul, Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı, 2003.
- Florian TRAUNER, “From Membership Conditionality to Policy Conditionality: EU External Governance in South-Eastern Europe”, Paper presented EU Consent Conference ‘Deepening in an Enlarged Europe: Integrative Balancing in the New Member States’, 16-17 November 2007, Budapest.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Siyaset Bilimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mayıs 2011 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011 |