“ONLAR KALSIN, BİZ GİDİYORUZ!” BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK BAĞIMSIZLIK PARTİSİ’NİN SÖYLEMLERİNDE POPÜLİZM VE AVRUPA ŞÜPHECİLİĞİ

Öz

Bu makale, Birleşik Krallık Bağımsızlık Partisi'nin (UKIP) ve partiye uzun süre liderlik eden Nigel Farage’ın Brexit referandumu öncesi söylemlerinde bir siyasi aktör olarak Avrupa Birliği’ne (AB) ve bir fikir ya da süreç olarak Avrupa bütünleşmesine ilişkin konuları nasıl “çerçevelediğini” son yıllarda popülizm literatüründe giderek ağırlık kazanan fikirsel kavramsal yaklaşım bağlamında ampirik olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2013 ve 2015 yılları arasında UKIP ve Farage adına partinin resmi internet sayfasında paylaşılan tüm yazılı belgelerin çerçeveleme analizi yaklaşımıyla kodlanmasıyla tamamlanan niteliksel içerik analizi, çerçeveleri temel yapısal öğelerine (tanı, çözüm, amaç) ayırarak ve dört farklı tematik boyutta (siyasi, ekonomik, kültürel, hukuki) tespit etmekte ve bahsi geçen tüm aktörleri “Biz” ve “Onlar” ikili ayrımında kategorilere ayırmaktadır. Makale, söylemlerde AB’nin “Onlar” kategorisinde en başta yer aldığını ve Avrupa bütünleşmesinin üç ana çerçeve altında ele alındığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu üç çerçeve, AB Üyeliğinin Faydaları/Maliyetleri, Ulusal Egemenlik ve Britanya Kimliği olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Popülizm
• Popülist Sağ Partiler
• Avrupa Şüpheciliği
• Brexit
• Avrupa Birliği

“They Can Stay, But We Are Leaving!” Populism and Euroscepticism in the Discourse of the UK Independence Party

Abstract

This paper sets out to empirically assess the ways in which the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) and the long-time party leader Nigel Farage “framed” the issues concerning the European Union (EU) as a political actor and European integration as an idea or a process in their rhetoric prior to the Brexit referendum. It uses the ideational approach to the concept of populism, which has been gaining growing prominence in the populism literature in recent years. The frame analysis of all textual documents which were shared on behalf of the UKIP and Farage on the Party’s official website between 2013 and 2015 identifies the discursive frames through their constitute elements (diagnosis, prognosis, motivation) and under four thematic dimensions (political, economic, cultural, legal) while categorizing all of the actors that are addressed in the rhetoric under the dichotomy of “Us” versus “Them”. In conclusion, the article reveals that the EU is the most-referred actor under the “Them” category and that the European integration is addressed through three master frames: Costs/Benefits of EU Membership, National Sovereignty, and British Identity.

Keywords

• Populism
• Populist Right Parties
• Euroscepticism
• Brexit
• European Union

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