Öz
Güçlendirilmiş işbirliği, daha fazla bütünleşme amacı taşıyan üye devletlere bu
imkânı sunan bir mekanizmadır. En önemli özelliklerinden birisi de bu işbirliğinin
Antlaşmalara uygun olarak ve AB’nin mevcut hukuk düzeni içerisinde kurulmasına
olanak tanımasıdır. Güçlendirilmiş işbirliği mekanizması Lizbon Antlaşması ile
birlikte fonksiyonel hale getirilmiş ve işbirlikleri kurulmaya başlamıştır. Kullanım
alanlarının artması ve Brexit süreci/bütünleşme tartışmaları, bu mekanizmanın
gelecekte daha sık olarak uygulanma ihtimalini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle
güçlendirilmiş işbirliği mekanizmasının hukuken doğru anlaşılması ve sağlam
temellere oturtulması gerekmektedir. Bu bakımdan mekanizmanın derinlemesine/çok
yönlü olarak incelenmesinde fayda bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede, güçlendirilmiş
işbirliğinin gelişim süreci incelenmiş, hangi ilke ve usullere bağlı olarak kurulması
gerektiği ortaya konmuş ve sonrasında uygulama ve ortaya çıkan hukuki eksiklikler
bu çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Avrupa Birliği Farklılaştırılmış Bütünleşme Güçlendirilmiş İşbirliği
Kaynakça
- Baykal, Sanem ve İlke Göçmen. Avrupa Birliği Kurumsal Hukuku, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2016.
- Candan, Tolga. “Avrupa Birliği’nde Esnek Bütünleşme Modelleri.” İçinde Avrupa Birliği Temel Konular, editörler Çağrı Erhan, Ayşe Burça Kızılırmak ve Ceran Arslan Olcay, 307-329. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi, 2011.
- Cedelle, Anzhera ve John Vella. “Differentiated Integration in the EU: Lessons from the Financial Transaction Tax.” İçinde Research Handbook on the Law of the EU’s Internal Market, editörler Panos Koutrakos ve Jukka Snell, 350-383. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017.
- Craig, Paul. The Lisbon Treaty - Law, Politics and Treaty Reform, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Ekonomik ve Mali Politikalar Başkanlığı. Finansal İşlem Vergileri ve Avrupa Birliği Uygulaması, Ankara: Temmuz 2012.
- Englisch, Joachim, John Vella ve Anzhela Yevgenyeva. “The Financial Transaction Tax Proposed Under the Enhanced Cooperation Procedure: Legal and Practical Considerations”, British Tax Review, no 2 (2013): 223-259.
- Fabbrini, Federico. “Enhanced Cooperation Under Scrutiny: Revisiting the Law and Practice of Multi-Speed Integration in the Light of the First Involment of the EU Judiciary”, Legal Issues of Economic Integration 40, no 3 (2013): 197-224.
- Fiott, Daniel, Antonio Missiroli ve Thierry Tardy. “Permanent Structured Cooperation: What’s in a name?”, EU Institute for Security Studies Chaillot Papers, no 142, (Kasım 2017)
- İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı, “Brexit ve Trump Çağında AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikaları”, İKV Değerlendirme Notu, İstanbul: Temmuz 2017.
- Kochenov, Dimitry. “Biting Intergovernmentalism: The Case for the Reinvention of Article 259 TFEU to Make it a Viable Rule of Law Enforcement Tool”, Jean Monnet Working Paper, 11/15.
- Ness, Richard. “An Analysis of the Financial Transaction Tax in the Context of the EU Enhanced Cooperation Procedure”, EC Tax Review 24, no 6, (2015): 294-308.
- Nováky, Niklas. “The EU’s Permanent Structured Cooperation in Defence: Keeping Sleeping Beauty from Snoozing”, European View 17, no 1 (2018): 97-104.
- Peers, Steve. “Divorce, Euopean Style: The First Authorization of Enhanced Cooperation”, European Constitutional Law Review 6, no 3 (2010): 339-358.
- Peers, Steve. “The Constitutional Implications of the EU Patent”, European Constitutional Law Review 7, no 2 (2011): 229-266.
- Piris, Jean-Claude. The Future of Europe: Towards a Two Speed EU?, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Pistoia, Emanuela. “Case Law: Enhanced Cooperation as a tool to Enhance Integration? Spain and Italy v. Council”, Common Market Law Review 51, no 1 (2014): 247-260.
- Reçber, Kamuran. Avrupa Birliği Hukuku ve Temel Metinleri, Bursa: Dora Yayınları, 2012.
- Stieber, Harald. “Economic Governance in a Multi-Speed Variable-Geometry Europe”, Paper for the SUERF Colloquium, Zürih: 5-6 Eylül 2012.
- Ullrich, Hanns. “Enhanced Cooperation in the Area of Unitary Patent Protection and European integration”, ERA Forum 13, no 4 (2013): 589-610.
- Armstrong Kenneth, “Multi-Speed Europe: Enhanced Cooperation or Increased Litigation?” European Law Blog, 25.04.2013, http://europeanlawblog.eu/ ?p=1728, Erişim Tarihi Ekim 1, 2018.
- European Commission, “Enhanced Cooperation: Already a Reality in the EU” Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 14, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/betapolitical/files/enhanced_cooperation_-_already_a_reality_in_the_eu_1.pdf
- European Commission, “White Paper on The Future of Europe, Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025”, 1 March 2017. Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 17, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/white_paper_on_the_ future_of_europe_en.pdf European Council “Declaration on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the
- Signature of the Treaties of Rome” Erişim Tarihi: Şubat 12, 2018. http://europa.eu/50/docs/berlin_declaration_en.pdf
- Lamping, Matthias, “Enhanced Cooperation In The Area Of Unitary Patent Protection”, Max Planck Institute for Innovation & Competition Research Paper. Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 15, 2018, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2561365
- Wessels, Wolfgang ve Carsten Gerards, “The Implementation of Enhanced Cooperation in the EU” European Union: 2018. Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 15, 2018 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/604987/IPOL_STU(2018)604987_EN.pdf
Öz
Enhanced cooperation is a mechanism which gives member states the
opportunity to integrate further. One of its most important characteristics is that it allows the establishment of the cooperation in accordance with the Treaties and
within the existing EU legal system. Increase in the areas of usage and Brexit
process/integration debates introduced the possibility of frequent implementation of
enhanced cooperation in the future. This is why enhanced cooperation must be
understood correctly and must be built on solid legal basis. This importance requires
an in-depth analysis of this mechanism. This article examines the development of
enhanced cooperation, the principles and procedures for the establishment of the
mechanism and evaluates implementation and legal deficiencies within this
framework.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Baykal, Sanem ve İlke Göçmen. Avrupa Birliği Kurumsal Hukuku, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2016.
- Candan, Tolga. “Avrupa Birliği’nde Esnek Bütünleşme Modelleri.” İçinde Avrupa Birliği Temel Konular, editörler Çağrı Erhan, Ayşe Burça Kızılırmak ve Ceran Arslan Olcay, 307-329. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi, 2011.
- Cedelle, Anzhera ve John Vella. “Differentiated Integration in the EU: Lessons from the Financial Transaction Tax.” İçinde Research Handbook on the Law of the EU’s Internal Market, editörler Panos Koutrakos ve Jukka Snell, 350-383. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017.
- Craig, Paul. The Lisbon Treaty - Law, Politics and Treaty Reform, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Ekonomik ve Mali Politikalar Başkanlığı. Finansal İşlem Vergileri ve Avrupa Birliği Uygulaması, Ankara: Temmuz 2012.
- Englisch, Joachim, John Vella ve Anzhela Yevgenyeva. “The Financial Transaction Tax Proposed Under the Enhanced Cooperation Procedure: Legal and Practical Considerations”, British Tax Review, no 2 (2013): 223-259.
- Fabbrini, Federico. “Enhanced Cooperation Under Scrutiny: Revisiting the Law and Practice of Multi-Speed Integration in the Light of the First Involment of the EU Judiciary”, Legal Issues of Economic Integration 40, no 3 (2013): 197-224.
- Fiott, Daniel, Antonio Missiroli ve Thierry Tardy. “Permanent Structured Cooperation: What’s in a name?”, EU Institute for Security Studies Chaillot Papers, no 142, (Kasım 2017)
- İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı, “Brexit ve Trump Çağında AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikaları”, İKV Değerlendirme Notu, İstanbul: Temmuz 2017.
- Kochenov, Dimitry. “Biting Intergovernmentalism: The Case for the Reinvention of Article 259 TFEU to Make it a Viable Rule of Law Enforcement Tool”, Jean Monnet Working Paper, 11/15.
- Ness, Richard. “An Analysis of the Financial Transaction Tax in the Context of the EU Enhanced Cooperation Procedure”, EC Tax Review 24, no 6, (2015): 294-308.
- Nováky, Niklas. “The EU’s Permanent Structured Cooperation in Defence: Keeping Sleeping Beauty from Snoozing”, European View 17, no 1 (2018): 97-104.
- Peers, Steve. “Divorce, Euopean Style: The First Authorization of Enhanced Cooperation”, European Constitutional Law Review 6, no 3 (2010): 339-358.
- Peers, Steve. “The Constitutional Implications of the EU Patent”, European Constitutional Law Review 7, no 2 (2011): 229-266.
- Piris, Jean-Claude. The Future of Europe: Towards a Two Speed EU?, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Pistoia, Emanuela. “Case Law: Enhanced Cooperation as a tool to Enhance Integration? Spain and Italy v. Council”, Common Market Law Review 51, no 1 (2014): 247-260.
- Reçber, Kamuran. Avrupa Birliği Hukuku ve Temel Metinleri, Bursa: Dora Yayınları, 2012.
- Stieber, Harald. “Economic Governance in a Multi-Speed Variable-Geometry Europe”, Paper for the SUERF Colloquium, Zürih: 5-6 Eylül 2012.
- Ullrich, Hanns. “Enhanced Cooperation in the Area of Unitary Patent Protection and European integration”, ERA Forum 13, no 4 (2013): 589-610.
- Armstrong Kenneth, “Multi-Speed Europe: Enhanced Cooperation or Increased Litigation?” European Law Blog, 25.04.2013, http://europeanlawblog.eu/ ?p=1728, Erişim Tarihi Ekim 1, 2018.
- European Commission, “Enhanced Cooperation: Already a Reality in the EU” Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 14, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/betapolitical/files/enhanced_cooperation_-_already_a_reality_in_the_eu_1.pdf
- European Commission, “White Paper on The Future of Europe, Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025”, 1 March 2017. Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 17, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/white_paper_on_the_ future_of_europe_en.pdf European Council “Declaration on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the
- Signature of the Treaties of Rome” Erişim Tarihi: Şubat 12, 2018. http://europa.eu/50/docs/berlin_declaration_en.pdf
- Lamping, Matthias, “Enhanced Cooperation In The Area Of Unitary Patent Protection”, Max Planck Institute for Innovation & Competition Research Paper. Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 15, 2018, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2561365
- Wessels, Wolfgang ve Carsten Gerards, “The Implementation of Enhanced Cooperation in the EU” European Union: 2018. Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 15, 2018 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/604987/IPOL_STU(2018)604987_EN.pdf
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hukuk |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 2 Ağustos 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 20 Mart 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1 |