AN OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TURKEY: ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 133 - 151, 01.10.2014

Deniz Tekayak

https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000211

Cited By: 2

Öz

Since its introduction, Environmental Impact Assessment EIA has become an important tool for planning, environmental management, environmental decision making and environmental preservation in European Union EU and in Turkey as well. This article provides an overview of Turkey’s EIA system by underlining the role that Turkey’s candidacy to EU plays on development and strengthening of Turkish EIA process. In this context, the article presents historical evolution of EIA system in European Union to provide a background for understanding and evaluating the developments in Turkish EIA system. Following this, article lays down the legal framework of Turkish EIA system and addresses the issues that Turkish EIA system faces with regard to transposition and effective implementation of EU’s EIA law. Finally, the article concludes by proposing several measures and mechanisms to overcome the weaknesses of Turkish EIA system and improve the effective implementation of the EIA legislation in Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Turkey, Environmental Impact Assessment

An Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment in Turkey: Issues and Recommendations

Öz

Ortaya çıktığı tarihten bu yana Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi ÇED , Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de planlama, çevresel yönetim, çevresel karar alma ve çevre koruma süreçlerinin önemli bir aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu makale, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği adaylığının Türkiye’deki ÇED süreçlerinin gelişmesinde ve güçlenmesinde oynadığı rolü de göz önüne alarak, Türkiye’nin ÇED sistemine genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede, Türkiye’nin ÇED sistemindeki gelişmelerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve değerlendirilmesine temel oluşturmak için, ÇED’in Avrupa Birliği’ndeki tarihsel gelişimi ortaya konulmaktadır. Bunu takiben, Türkiye’deki ÇED süreçlerinin hukuki çerçevesi incelenmekte ve Türk ÇED sisteminin Avrupa Birliği çevre mevzuatı ile uyumlaştırılmasında ve genel uygulamada yaşanan sorunlar ele alınmaktadır. Son olarak, Türk ÇED sistemindeki eksikliklerin giderilmesi ve uygulamadaki sorunların üstesinden gelinmesine yardımcı olabilecek bir dizi öneri sunulmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye, Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi

Kaynakça

• Ahmet Çevlik and Fuat Budak, “An Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Assessment System in Turkey: Practitioners View”, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 1(4), 2007, p. 151-158. Retrieved from http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjes.2007.151.158 (Accessed on May 19, 2012).
• Aynur Aydın Coşkun and Özhan Türker, “Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System in Turkey”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 175, 2010, p. 213-226. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10661-010-1507-3#page-1 (Accessed on February 2, 2013).
• Aysel Alp, “AVM, golf, toplu konut projeleri ÇED’den muaf tutuldu”, Hürriyet, 26 November 2014, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/27647444.asp (Accessed on December 20, 2014).
• Balsam Ahmad and Christopher Wood, “A Comparative Evaluation of the EIA Systems in Egypt, Turkey and Tunisia”, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22 (3), 2002, p. 213-264. Retrieved from http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=26011 (Accessed on November 27, 2012).
• Christopher Wood, “Environmental Impact Assessment: A Comparative Review”, 2nd Edition, Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2003, 405 p.
• Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth, http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=326 (Accessed on March 2, 2013).
• European Commission, “Commission Staff Working Document: Turkey 2012 Progress Report”, SWD (2012) 336 final, Brussels, 201, 94 p. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_ 2012_en.pdf (Accessed on March 15, 2013).
• European Commission, “Commission Staff Working Document: Turkey 2014 Progress Report”, SWD (2014) 307 final, Brussels, 81 p. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2014/20141008-turkey- progress-report_en.pdf (Accessed on December 19, 2014).
• European Commission, Glossary: Acquis Communautaire, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/community_acquis_en.htm (Accessed on April 20, 2013).
• International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice, 1999, Retrieved from http://www.iaia.org/publicdocuments/special- publications/PrincipleofIA_web.pdf (Accessed on July 19, 2012).
• John Glasson et al., “Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment”, 3rd Edition, New York: Routledge, 2005, 423 p.
• Neil Craik, “The International Law of Environmental Impact Assessment: Process, Substance and Integration”, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 332 p.
• Nükhet Turgut, “EIA with Reference to the EU Directive, Environmental Policy and Law”, 33/3-4, 2003, p. 163-169. Retrieved from http://iospress.metapress.com/content/4e5ubp9kh4pwef9f/ (Accessed on December 12, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Code No.2872, Turkish Official Gazette, 18132, 11 August 1983. Retrieved from http://en.hukuki.net/index.php?topic=1323.0;wap2 (Accessed on November 5, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 21489, 7 February 1993. Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/main.aspx?home=http://www.resmigazete.gov.t r/arsiv/21489.pdf&main=http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21489.pdf (Accessed on November 5, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 23028, 23 June 2002. Retrieved from http://faolex.fao.org/docs/html/tur23762.htm (Accessed on November 12, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 28784, 3 October 2013. Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/10/20131003-3.htm (Accessed on November 12, 2014).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 29186, 25 November 2014. Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/11/20141125-1.htm (Accessed on December 19, 2014).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 24777, 6 June 2002. Retrieved from rec_id=026193&database=faolex&search_type=link&table=result&lang=eng& format_name=@ERALL (Accessed on November 12, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 25318, 16 December 2003. Retrieved from http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/tur41439.doc (Accessed on November 14, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, Turkish Official Gazette, 26939, 17 July 2008. Retrieved from http://www.csb.gov.tr/dosyalar/images/file/ced_yonetmeligi_english.doc (Accessed on November 12, 2012).
• Official Gazette, Law No.5491 amending the Environmental Law No.2872, Turkish Official Gazette, 26167, 13 April 2006. Retrieved from http://faolex.fao.org/cgi- bin/faolex.exe?rec_id=049688&database=faolex&search_type=link&table=res ult&lang=eng&format_name=@ERALL. (Accessed on November 14, 2012).
• Sally E. R. Innanen, “Environmental Impact Assessment in Turkey: Capacity Building for European Union Accession, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal”, 22 (2), 2004, p.141-151. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/iapa/2004/00000022/00000002/a rt00007 (Accessed on May 6, 2012).
• Simon Marsden, “Strategic Environmental Assessment in International and European Law: A Practitioner’s Guide”, London; Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2008, 330 p.
• Turkish Environmental Information Exchange Network (TEIEN), http://teienportal.cob.gov.tr/ (Accessed on February 6, 2013).