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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 27 - 60, 25.12.2013

Ümit Çelik

https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000193

Öz

Today the power and influence of the EU is growing in the UN. On the other hand, UN provides legitimacy and authority for the EU military operations. However, is it necessary to obtain permission and command from the UN in case of threat against peace or can the EU manages a military operation without any UN resolution? This issue continues to cause debates over legal basis for the EU rapid reaction forces. In this study is argued the question of “how act the UN and the EU in state of emergency” explaining the EU’s military revolution. In addition to this, in which scope and in accordance with which rules is EU operations managed, and which targets does the EU want to reach in world politics in future whereby Europe’s military reform, is emphasized. In this regard, aim and extent of UN operations are expressed. Basic principles of EU and UN peacekeeping operations which is in scope of UN Charter and legal basis for this operations are analyzed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Military Intervention EU Military Operations UN Charter Peacekeeping Crisis Management.

Kaynakça

  • Ahtisaari, Martti, “Çok Taraflılığın Akılcılığı”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • “Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü”, M5 Savunma ve Silah Sistemleri, Eylül 1984, Sayı: 6.
  • Bozkurt, Enver, Birleşmiş Milletler Sisteminde Kuvvet Kullanımı, Ankara, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2003.
  • Brok, Elmar ve Gresch, Norbert, “Aktörler ve Tanıklar”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Chesterman, Simon, Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • “Council Joint Action 2003/423/CFSP of 5 June 2003 on the European Union Military Operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, Official Journal of the European Union, 11 June 2003.
  • Council of the European Union: A Secure Europe in A Better Wold: European Security Strategy, Brussels, 12 December 2003.
  • Council of the European Union: “EU Battlegroups”, Factsheet, February 2007, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Battlegroups_ February_07-factsheet.pdf, (18.02.2012).
  • Council of the European Union: “EU Operations”, http://www.consilium. europa.eu/eeas/security-defence/eu-operations?Lang=en, (25.02. 2012).
  • Çelik, Edip F., Milletlerarası Hukuk, Birinci Kitap, İstanbul, İstanbul Üniv. Huk. Fak. Yay. 1969.
  • Genç, Mehmet, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Uzmanlık Örgütleri, Bursa, Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayını, 2002.
  • Gnesotto, Nicole, “AGSP: Sonuçlar ve Beklentiler”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Haine, Jean Yves, “Tarihsel Bir Perspektif”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Hay, William Anthony ve Sicherman, Harvey, “Europe’s Rapid Reaction Force: What, Why, and How?”, A Newsletter of Foreign Policy Research Institute, Volume 2, Number 2, February 2001.
  • Howorth, Jolyon, “Britain, France and the European Defence Initiative”, Survival, Vol: 42, No: 2, Summer 2000.
  • “Joint Declaration Issued at the British-French Summit”, Saint Malo, 3-4 December 1998.
  • Kerashvili, Ketevan, “The EU Commitment to the UN Peacekeeping: Priorities and Perceptions”, costis0805.eu/siteweb/images/ACTIVITIES/Publications/Ketevan%20Kerashv ili%20-%20perceptions.pdf, (15.06. 2012).
  • http://www.peacekeeping
  • Layne, Christopher, “Continental Divide: Time to Disengage in Europe”, The National Interest, No: 13, Fall 1988.
  • Layne, Christopher, “Death Knell for NATO? The Bush Administration Confronts the European Security and Defense Policy”, Policy Analysis, 4 April 2001.
  • Missiroli, Antonio, “From Copenhagen to Brussels European Defence: Core Documents”, Chaillot Paper 67, Volume: 4, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris, December 2003.
  • Novosseloff, Alexandra, “UN-EU Cooperation in the Field of Peacekeeping: Challenges eu/images/ggi_analysis_eu_un_cooperation_novosseloff_2012.pdf, 2012). Prospects”
  • http://www.globalgovernance. (15.06.
  • O'Connell, Mary Ellen, “The UN, NATO, and International Law After Kosovo”, Human Rights Quarterly, 2000.
  • Ortega, Martin, “Military Intervention and the European Union”, Chaillot Paper 45, Institute for Security Studies of WEU, Paris, March 2001.
  • Ortega, Martin, “Petersberg’in Ötesi: AB Askeri Kuvvetleri’nin Misyonları”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • “Presidency Conclusions”, Helsinki European Council, 10–11 December 1999.
  • Pubantz, Jerry ve Moore, John Allphin, “Zamanların En İyisi Zamanların En Kötüsü: Birleşmiş Milletler’in Ortadoğu Kaderi”, Bülent Aras (der.), Irak Savaşı Sonrası Ortadoğu, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2004.
  • Report of the International Commission on the Balkans: Unfinished Peace, Washington D.C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996.
  • Sar, Cem, “Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul Kararlarının Hukuki Değeri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1966.
  • Schvok, René, “How Europe’s Experts See the Outlook for UN Reform”, Autumn 2006, Article/tabid/191/ArticleType/articleview/ArticleID/20639/language/en-US /Default.aspx, (25.06.2013).
  • Simma, Bruno, “NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects”, The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 10, 1999.
  • Stromseth, Jane, “Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention: The Case for Incremental Change”, Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Tardy, Thiery, “UN-EU Relations in Institutionalization and Key Constraints”, Studia Diplomatica, Vol. LXII, No: 3, 2009. Military Crisis Management
  • Tardy, Thiery, “The Challenges of EU-UN Cooperation in Peace Operations”, Cooperation in Peace Operations: The United Nations and Europe, Favorita Papers No:3, http://www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf_pool/ publikationen/16 _ipa_2003.pdf, (15.06.2012). Tardy, Thiery, “United
  • Nations-European Union Relations in Crisis Management”, http://www.challengesforum.org/cms/images/doc/UN-EUCo operation_Oct2008(2).doc+United+Nations++European+Union+Relations +in+Crisis+Management+Thierry+Tardy&hl=tr&gl=tr&pid=bl&srcid, 06.2012). (15.
  • The European Community: “About the EU at the UN”, http://www.europa- eu.un.org/articles /articleslist_s30_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • The European Community: “EU and UN Reinforce Cooperation on Peacebuilding and Mediation”, http://www.europa-eu-un.org/articles/ articleslist_s62_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • The European Community: “EU-UN Relations”, http://www.europa-eu-un. org/articles/ articleslist_s62_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • Tomuschat, Christian, “Uniting For Peace”, http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ pdf/ha/ufp/ufp_e.pdf (25.06.2013).
  • “Treaty of Lisbon Amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community Signed at Lisbon”, 13 December 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 50, 17 December 2007.
  • UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office: “ESDP Operations”, http://www. fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?Pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Pag e&cid=1077042145284, (13.03.2008).
  • UNDP: “BM Barış Gücü”, http://undp.un.org.tr/unic_tursss_baris_gucu. htm, (02.02.2008).
  • United Nations Peace Keeping, New York, UN Publications, 2000.
  • United Nations Security Council: “An Agenda for Peace Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping”, Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to the Statement Adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992, http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/ agpeace.html, (11.02.2008).
  • United Nations Security Council: “European Union-United Nations Relations Come of Age”, http://www.un.int/france/pdf/fiche1.pdf, (25.02. 2012).
  • United Nations Security Council: “UN Peacekeeping Operations”, Background Note, 30 November 2007, http.www.un.org/Depts/dpko/ dpko/bnote.htm, (11.02.2008).
  • Yıldız, Yavuz Gökalp, Stratejik Vizyon Arayışları ve Türkiye, İstanbul, Der Yayınları, 2001.
  • “Yirmi Birinci Yüzyıl’da Barış Operasyonları”, http://www.voanews.com/ turkish/archive/2007-03/2007-03-04-voa3.cfm, (11.01.2008).
  • Wessels, Wolfgang ve Bopp, Franziska, “The Institutional Architecture of CFSP After the Lisbon Treaty –Constitutional Breakthrough or Challenges Ahead?”, Challange Liberty& Security, Vol. 10, 2008.

Askeri Müdahaleler ve Avrupa Birliği – Birleşmiş Milletler İlişkileri

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 27 - 60, 25.12.2013

Ümit Çelik

https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000193

Öz

Avrupa Birliği’nin Birleşmiş Milletler içindeki gücü ve etkisi giderek büyümektedir. Diğer taraftan BM, AB askeri operasyonları için yetki ve meşruiyet vermektedir. Ancak barışa karşı tehdit durumunda BM’den yetki ve izin almak gerekli midir yoksa AB hiçbir BM kararı olmaksızın bir askeri operasyon düzenleyebilir mi? Bu konu AB acil müdahale güçlerinin yasal dayanağıyla ilgili tartışmalara yol açmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada AB’nin askeri dönüşümü açıklanırken, “acil bir durumda BM ve AB’nin nasıl bir yol izlediği” ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, AB operasyonlarının hangi kapsamda neye dayanarak yürütüldüğü ve Avrupa askeri reformları aracılığıyla, gelecekte AB’nin dünya politikasında hangi hedeflere ulaşmak istediği üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu çerçevede, BM operasyonlarının amacı ve kapsamı açıklanacak, AB ve BM operasyonlarının BM Şartı kapsamındaki genel ilkeleri ve bu operasyonların hukuki dayanağı analiz edilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Askeri Müdahale AB Askeri Operasyonları BM Şartı Barışı Koruma Kriz Yönetimi.

Kaynakça

  • Ahtisaari, Martti, “Çok Taraflılığın Akılcılığı”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • “Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü”, M5 Savunma ve Silah Sistemleri, Eylül 1984, Sayı: 6.
  • Bozkurt, Enver, Birleşmiş Milletler Sisteminde Kuvvet Kullanımı, Ankara, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2003.
  • Brok, Elmar ve Gresch, Norbert, “Aktörler ve Tanıklar”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Chesterman, Simon, Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • “Council Joint Action 2003/423/CFSP of 5 June 2003 on the European Union Military Operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, Official Journal of the European Union, 11 June 2003.
  • Council of the European Union: A Secure Europe in A Better Wold: European Security Strategy, Brussels, 12 December 2003.
  • Council of the European Union: “EU Battlegroups”, Factsheet, February 2007, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Battlegroups_ February_07-factsheet.pdf, (18.02.2012).
  • Council of the European Union: “EU Operations”, http://www.consilium. europa.eu/eeas/security-defence/eu-operations?Lang=en, (25.02. 2012).
  • Çelik, Edip F., Milletlerarası Hukuk, Birinci Kitap, İstanbul, İstanbul Üniv. Huk. Fak. Yay. 1969.
  • Genç, Mehmet, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Uzmanlık Örgütleri, Bursa, Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayını, 2002.
  • Gnesotto, Nicole, “AGSP: Sonuçlar ve Beklentiler”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Haine, Jean Yves, “Tarihsel Bir Perspektif”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • Hay, William Anthony ve Sicherman, Harvey, “Europe’s Rapid Reaction Force: What, Why, and How?”, A Newsletter of Foreign Policy Research Institute, Volume 2, Number 2, February 2001.
  • Howorth, Jolyon, “Britain, France and the European Defence Initiative”, Survival, Vol: 42, No: 2, Summer 2000.
  • “Joint Declaration Issued at the British-French Summit”, Saint Malo, 3-4 December 1998.
  • Kerashvili, Ketevan, “The EU Commitment to the UN Peacekeeping: Priorities and Perceptions”, costis0805.eu/siteweb/images/ACTIVITIES/Publications/Ketevan%20Kerashv ili%20-%20perceptions.pdf, (15.06. 2012).
  • http://www.peacekeeping
  • Layne, Christopher, “Continental Divide: Time to Disengage in Europe”, The National Interest, No: 13, Fall 1988.
  • Layne, Christopher, “Death Knell for NATO? The Bush Administration Confronts the European Security and Defense Policy”, Policy Analysis, 4 April 2001.
  • Missiroli, Antonio, “From Copenhagen to Brussels European Defence: Core Documents”, Chaillot Paper 67, Volume: 4, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris, December 2003.
  • Novosseloff, Alexandra, “UN-EU Cooperation in the Field of Peacekeeping: Challenges eu/images/ggi_analysis_eu_un_cooperation_novosseloff_2012.pdf, 2012). Prospects”
  • http://www.globalgovernance. (15.06.
  • O'Connell, Mary Ellen, “The UN, NATO, and International Law After Kosovo”, Human Rights Quarterly, 2000.
  • Ortega, Martin, “Military Intervention and the European Union”, Chaillot Paper 45, Institute for Security Studies of WEU, Paris, March 2001.
  • Ortega, Martin, “Petersberg’in Ötesi: AB Askeri Kuvvetleri’nin Misyonları”, Nicole Gnesotto (der.), AB Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası İlk Beş Yıl, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2005.
  • “Presidency Conclusions”, Helsinki European Council, 10–11 December 1999.
  • Pubantz, Jerry ve Moore, John Allphin, “Zamanların En İyisi Zamanların En Kötüsü: Birleşmiş Milletler’in Ortadoğu Kaderi”, Bülent Aras (der.), Irak Savaşı Sonrası Ortadoğu, İstanbul, Tasam Yayınları, 2004.
  • Report of the International Commission on the Balkans: Unfinished Peace, Washington D.C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996.
  • Sar, Cem, “Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul Kararlarının Hukuki Değeri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1966.
  • Schvok, René, “How Europe’s Experts See the Outlook for UN Reform”, Autumn 2006, Article/tabid/191/ArticleType/articleview/ArticleID/20639/language/en-US /Default.aspx, (25.06.2013).
  • Simma, Bruno, “NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects”, The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 10, 1999.
  • Stromseth, Jane, “Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention: The Case for Incremental Change”, Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Tardy, Thiery, “UN-EU Relations in Institutionalization and Key Constraints”, Studia Diplomatica, Vol. LXII, No: 3, 2009. Military Crisis Management
  • Tardy, Thiery, “The Challenges of EU-UN Cooperation in Peace Operations”, Cooperation in Peace Operations: The United Nations and Europe, Favorita Papers No:3, http://www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf_pool/ publikationen/16 _ipa_2003.pdf, (15.06.2012). Tardy, Thiery, “United
  • Nations-European Union Relations in Crisis Management”, http://www.challengesforum.org/cms/images/doc/UN-EUCo operation_Oct2008(2).doc+United+Nations++European+Union+Relations +in+Crisis+Management+Thierry+Tardy&hl=tr&gl=tr&pid=bl&srcid, 06.2012). (15.
  • The European Community: “About the EU at the UN”, http://www.europa- eu.un.org/articles /articleslist_s30_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • The European Community: “EU and UN Reinforce Cooperation on Peacebuilding and Mediation”, http://www.europa-eu-un.org/articles/ articleslist_s62_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • The European Community: “EU-UN Relations”, http://www.europa-eu-un. org/articles/ articleslist_s62_en.htm, (25.02.2012).
  • Tomuschat, Christian, “Uniting For Peace”, http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ pdf/ha/ufp/ufp_e.pdf (25.06.2013).
  • “Treaty of Lisbon Amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community Signed at Lisbon”, 13 December 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 50, 17 December 2007.
  • UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office: “ESDP Operations”, http://www. fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?Pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Pag e&cid=1077042145284, (13.03.2008).
  • UNDP: “BM Barış Gücü”, http://undp.un.org.tr/unic_tursss_baris_gucu. htm, (02.02.2008).
  • United Nations Peace Keeping, New York, UN Publications, 2000.
  • United Nations Security Council: “An Agenda for Peace Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping”, Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to the Statement Adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992, http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/ agpeace.html, (11.02.2008).
  • United Nations Security Council: “European Union-United Nations Relations Come of Age”, http://www.un.int/france/pdf/fiche1.pdf, (25.02. 2012).
  • United Nations Security Council: “UN Peacekeeping Operations”, Background Note, 30 November 2007, http.www.un.org/Depts/dpko/ dpko/bnote.htm, (11.02.2008).
  • Yıldız, Yavuz Gökalp, Stratejik Vizyon Arayışları ve Türkiye, İstanbul, Der Yayınları, 2001.
  • “Yirmi Birinci Yüzyıl’da Barış Operasyonları”, http://www.voanews.com/ turkish/archive/2007-03/2007-03-04-voa3.cfm, (11.01.2008).
  • Wessels, Wolfgang ve Bopp, Franziska, “The Institutional Architecture of CFSP After the Lisbon Treaty –Constitutional Breakthrough or Challenges Ahead?”, Challange Liberty& Security, Vol. 10, 2008.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ümit Çelik Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Çelik, Ümit. “Askeri Müdahaleler Ve Avrupa Birliği – Birleşmiş Milletler İlişkileri”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 12, sy. 2 (Aralık 2013): 27-60. https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000193.